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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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Beyond Low Earth Orbit: Biomonitoring, Artificial Intelligence, and Precision Space Health

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Scott, Ryan T. Antonsen, Erik L. Sanders, Lauren M. Hastings, Jaden J.A. Park, Seung-Min Mackintosh, Graham Reynolds, Robert J. Hoarfrost, Adrienne L. Sawyer, Aenor Greene, Casey S. Glicksberg, Benjamin S. Theriot, Corey A. Berrios, Daniel C. Miller, Jack Babdor, Joel Barker, Richard Baranzini, Sergio E. Beheshti, Afshin Chalk, Stuart Delgado-Aparicio, Guillermo M. Haendel, Melissa Hamid, Arif A. Heller, Philip Jamieson, Daniel Jarvis, Katelyn J. Kalantari, John Khezeli, Kia Komarova, Svetlana V. Komorowski, Matthieu Kothiyal, Prachi Mahabal, Ashish Manor, Uri Martin, Hector Garcia Mason, Christopher E. Matar, Mona Mias, George I. Myers, Jerry G. Nelson, Charlotte Oribello, Jonathan Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia Prabhu, R.K. Qutub, Amina Ann Rask, Jon Saravia-Butler, Amanda Saria, Suchi Singh, Nitin Kumar Soboczenski, Frank Snyder, Michael Soman, Karthik van Valen, David Venkateswaran, Kasthuri Warren, Liz Worthey, Liz Yang, Jason H. Zitnik, Marinka Costes, Sylvain V. KBR Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Department of Emergency Medicine Center for Space Medicine Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX77030 United States Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY10065 United States Department of Urology Department of Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA94305 United States Bay Area Environmental Research Institute NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Mortality Research & Consulting Inc. HoustonTX77058 United States Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States UC Space Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94143 United States Center for Health AI Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO80045 United States Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New YorkNY10065 United States Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health UTMB GalvestonTX77551 United States Human Health and Performance Directorate NASA Johnson Space Center HoustonTX77058 United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94143 United States The Gilroy AstroBiology Research Group The University of Wisconsin Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Weill Institute for Neurosciences Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94158 United States Department of Chemistry University of North Florida JacksonvilleFL32224 United States Data Scienc

Human space exploration beyond low Earth orbit will involve missions of significant distance and duration. To effectively mitigate myriad space health hazards, paradigm shifts in data and space health systems are necessary to enable Earth-independence, rather than Earth-reliance. Promising developments in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning for biology and health can address these needs. We propose an appropriately autonomous and intelligent Precision Space Health system that will monitor, aggregate, and assess biomedical statuses;analyze and predict personalized adverse health outcomes;adapt and respond to newly accumulated data;and provide preventive, actionable, and timely insights to individual deep space crew members and iterative decision support to their crew medical officer. Here we present a summary of recommendations from a workshop organized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, on future applications of artificial intelligence in space biology and health. In the next decade, biomonitoring technology, biomarker science, spacecraft hardware, intelligent software, and streamlined data management must mature and be woven together into a Precision Space Health system to enable humanity to thrive in deep space. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Earth (planet)

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Beyond Low Earth Orbit: Biological Research, Artificial Intelligence, and Self-Driving Labs

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sanders, Lauren M. Yang, Jason H. Scott, Ryan T. Qutub, Amina Ann Martin, Hector Garcia Berrios, Daniel C. Hastings, Jaden J.A. Rask, Jon Mackintosh, Graham Hoarfrost, Adrienne L. Chalk, Stuart Kalantari, John Khezeli, Kia Antonsen, Erik L. Babdor, Joel Barker, Richard Baranzini, Sergio E. Beheshti, Afshin Delgado-Aparicio, Guillermo M. Glicksberg, Benjamin S. Greene, Casey S. Haendel, Melissa Hamid, Arif A. Heller, Philip Jamieson, Daniel Jarvis, Katelyn J. Komarova, Svetlana V. Komorowski, Matthieu Kothiyal, Prachi Mahabal, Ashish Manor, Uri Mason, Christopher E. Matar, Mona Mias, George I. Miller, Jack Myers, Jerry G. Nelson, Charlotte Oribello, Jonathan Park, Seung-Min Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia Prabhu, R.K. Reynolds, Robert J. Saravia-Butler, Amanda Saria, Suchi Sawyer, Aenor Singh, Nitin Kumar Soboczenski, Frank Snyder, Michael Soman, Karthik Theriot, Corey A. van Valen, David Venkateswaran, Kasthuri Warren, Liz Worthey, Liz Zitnik, Marinka Costes, Sylvain V. Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pathogens Department of Microbiology Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Rutgers New Jersey Medical School NewarkNJ07103 United States KBR Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States AI MATRIX Consortium Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas San Antonio and UT Health Sciences San AntonioTX78249 United States Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. BerkeleyCA94608 United States DOE Agile BioFoundry EmeryvilleCA94608 United States Joint BioEnergy Institute EmeryvilleCA94608 United States Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY10065 United States Office of the Center Director NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States Bay Area Environmental Research Institute NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States Department of Chemistry University of North Florida JacksonvilleFL32224 United States Center for Individualized Medicine Department of Surgery Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic RochesterMN55905 United States Department of Emergency Medicine Center for Space Medicine Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX77030 United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94143 United States The Gilroy AstroBiology Research Group The University of Wisconsin - Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Weill Institute for Neurosciences Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94158 United States Data Science Analytics Georgia Institute of Technology Lima15024

Space biology research aims to understand fundamental effects of spaceflight on organisms, develop foundational knowledge to support deep space exploration, and ultimately bioengineer spacecraft and habitats to stabilize the ecosystem of plants, crops, microbes, animals, and humans for sustained multi-planetary life. To advance these aims, the field leverages experiments, platforms, data, and model organisms from both spaceborne and ground-analog studies. As research is extended beyond low Earth orbit, experiments and platforms must be maximally autonomous, light, agile, and intelligent to expedite knowledge discovery. Here we present a summary of recommendations from a workshop organized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and modeling applications which offer key solutions toward these space biology challenges. In the next decade, the synthesis of artificial intelligence into the field of space biology will deepen the biological understanding of spaceflight effects, facilitate predictive modeling and analytics, support maximally autonomous and reproducible experiments, and efficiently manage spaceborne data and metadata, all with the goal to enable life to thrive in deep space. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Predictive analytics

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The MR neuroimaging protocol for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia program

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Schizophrenia 2025年第1期11卷 1-14页

作者： Harms, Michael P. Cho, Kang-Ik K. Anticevic, Alan Bolo, Nicolas R. Bouix, Sylvain Campbell, Dylan Cannon, Tyrone D. Cecchi, Guillermo Goncalves, Mathias Haidar, Anastasia Hughes, Dylan E. Izyurov, Igor John, Omar Kapur, Tina Kim, Nicholas Kotler, Elana Kubicki, Marek Kuperman, Joshua M. Laulette, Kristen Lindberg, Ulrich Markiewicz, Christopher Ning, Lipeng Poldrack, Russell A. Rathi, Yogesh Romo, Paul A. Tamayo, Zailyn Wannan, Cassandra Wickham, Alana Yassin, Walid Zhou, Juan Helen Addington, Jean Alameda, Luis Arango, Celso Breitborde, Nicholas J. K. Broome, Matthew R. Cadenhead, Kristin S. Calkins, Monica E. Chen, Eric Yu Hai Choi, Jimmy Conus, Philippe Corcoran, Cheryl M. Cornblatt, Barbara A. Diaz-Caneja, Covadonga M. Ellman, Lauren M. Fusar-Poli, Paolo Gaspar, Pablo A. Gerber, Carla Glenthøj, Louise Birkedal Horton, Leslie E. Hui, Christy Lai Ming Kambeitz, Joseph Kambeitz-Ilankovic, Lana Keshavan, Matcheri S. Kim, Sung-Wan Koutsouleris, Nikolaos Kwon, Jun Soo Langbein, Kerstin Mamah, Daniel Mathalon, Daniel H. Mittal, Vijay A. Nordentoft, Merete Pearlson, Godfrey D. Perez, Jesus Perkins, Diana O. Powers, Albert R. Rogers, Jack Sabb, Fred W. Schiffman, Jason Shah, Jai L. Silverstein, Steven M. Smesny, Stefan Stone, William S. Strauss, Gregory P. Thompson, Judy L. Upthegrove, Rachel Verma, Swapna K. Wang, Jijun Wolf, Daniel H. Kahn, Rene S. Kane, John M. McGorry, Patrick D. Nelson, Barnaby Woods, Scott W. Shenton, Martha E. Wood, Stephen J. Bearden, Carrie E. Pasternak, Ofer Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO United States Department of Psychiatry Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT United States Department of Psychiatry Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology École de technologie supérieure Montréal QC Canada Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven CT United States T.J. Watson Research Laboratory IBM Research Yorktown Heights NY United States Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Psychology University of California Los Angeles CA United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Jena University Hospital Jena Germany Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Radiology University of California San Diego CA United States Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet Glostrup Denmark Seaman Family MR Research Centre Calgary AB Canada Orygen Parkville VIC Australia Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational MR Research Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Psychiatry Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada General Psychiatry Service Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Instituto de Salud Carlos III School of Medicine Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain

Neuroimaging with MRI has been a frequent component of studies of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychosis, with goals of understanding potential brain regions and systems impacted in the CHR state and identifying prognostic or predictive biomarkers that can enhance our ability to forecast clinical outcomes. To date, most studies involving MRI in CHR are likely not sufficiently powered to generate robust and generalizable neuroimaging results. Here, we describe the prospective, advanced, and modern neuroimaging protocol that was implemented in a complex multi-site, multi-vendor environment, as part of the large-scale Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia program (AMP® SCZ), including the rationale for various choices. This protocol includes T1- and T2-weighted structural scans, resting-state fMRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging collected at two time points, approximately 2 months apart. We also present preliminary variance component analyses of several measures, such as signal- and contrast-to-noise ratio (SNR/CNR) and spatial smoothness, to provide quantitative data on the relative percentages of participant, site, and platform (i.e., scanner model) variance. Site-related variance is generally small (typically <10%). For the SNR/CNR measures from the structural and fMRI scans, participant variance is the largest component (as desired;40–76%). However, for SNR/CNR in the diffusion scans, there is substantial platform-related variance (>55%) due to differences in the diffusion imaging hardware capabilities of the different scanners. Also, spatial smoothness generally has a large platform-related variance due to inherent, difficult to control, differences between vendors in their acquisitions and reconstructions. These results illustrate some of the factors that will need to be considered in analyses of the AMP SCZ neuroimaging data, which will be the largest CHR cohort to date. Watch Dr. Harms discuss this article at https://vimeo.

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Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2021年第10278期397卷 996-1009页

作者： Haile, Lydia M. Kamenov, Kaloyan Briant, Paul Svitil Orji, Aislyn U. Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Abdoli, Amir Abdollahi, Mohammad Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Afshin, Ashkan Ahmed, Haroon Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Akalu, Yonas Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al Hamad, Hanadi Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Amu, Hubert Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Arulappan, Judie Ashbaugh, Charlie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Banik, Palash Chandra Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barrow, Amadou Bender, Rose G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Burkart, Katrin Cederroth, Christopher R. Charan, Jaykaran Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Desalew, Assefa Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Doyle, Kerrie E. Duncan, Bruce B. Ekholuenetale, Michael Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Franklin, Richard Charles Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Shilpa Gallus, Silvano Ghamari, Farhad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Ghozali, Ghozali Gilani, Syed Amir Glǎvan, Ionela-Roxana Golechha, Mahaveer Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Hamidi, Samer Hammond, Billy Randall Hay, Simon I. Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Golnaz Hoffman, Howard J. Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Househ, Mowafa Hussain, Rabia Hwang, Bing-Fang Iavicoli, Ivo Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwagami, Masao Jacob, Louis Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B. Kalhor, Rohollah Al-Salihi, Nawzad Kameran Kandel, Himal Kasa, Ayele Semachew Kayode, Gbenga A. Khalilov, Rovshan Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli Kosen, Soewarta Koyanagi, Ai Kumar, G. Anil Landires, Ivan Lasrado, Savita Lim, Stephen S. Liu, Xuefeng Lobo, Stany W. Lugo, Alessandra Makki, Alaa Mendoza, Walter Mersha, Amanual Getnet Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Noncommunicable Diseases World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva Switzerland Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Hewler Erbil Iraq Department of Medical Physiology University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia Health Information Management and Technology Department Dammam Saudi Arabia Geriatric and Long Term Care Department Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Rumailah Hospital Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biological Sciences National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan Health Management and Economics Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Community Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Social Determinants of Health Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran Department of Maternal and Child Health Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Department of Health System and Health Economics Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Pharmacy University of Huddersfield Huddersfield United Kingdom Unit of Biochemistry Universiti

Background: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. Methods: We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. Findings: An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. Interpretation: As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-ca

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Report of the Topical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics for for Snowmass 2021

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Adhikari, Rana X. Anchordoqui, Luis A. Fang, Ke Sathyaprakash, B.S. Tollefson, Kirsten Lewis, Tiffany R. Engel, Kristi Aboubrahim, Amin Akarsu, Özgür Akrami, Yashar Aloisio, Roberto Batista, Rafael Alves Ballardini, Mario Ballmer, Stefan W. Bechtol, Ellen Benisty, David Berti, Emanuele Birrer, Simon Bonilla, Alexander Brito, Richard Bustamante, Mauricio Caldwell, Robert Cardoso, Vitor Chakrabarti, Sukanya Chen, Thomas Y. Cicoli, Michele Clesse, Sebastien Coleman, Alan Cui, Yanou Cusin, Giulia Daylan, Tansu Dienes, Keith R. Valentino, Eleonora Di Dvorkin, Cora Escamilla-Rivera, Celia Farrar, Glennys R. Feng, Jonathan L. Frusciante, Noemi García-Bellido, Juan Canal, Carlos García Garzelli, Maria Vittoria Glombitza, Jonas Golup, Geraldina Gritsevich, Maria Haiman, Zoltan Haro, Jaume Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar Heavens, Alan Holz, Daniel Hörandel, Jörg R. Ishak, Mustapha Ivanov, Mikhail M. Joudaki, Shahab Kampert, Karl-Heinz C.M., Karwin R., Keeley M., Klasen R., Konoplich J.F., Krizmanic S., Kumar N., Levi B., L’Huillier V., Mandic V., Marra C.J.A.P., Martins S., Matarrese E., Mayotte S., Mayotte L., Mersini-Houghton J., Meyers A.L., Miller E., Mottola S., Mukherjee K., Murase M.S., Muzio P., Nath K.K.Y., Ng J.M., No R.C., Nunes A.V., Olinto F., Pace S., Pan S.E., Perez Bergliaffa L., Pogosian J., Read M., Reininghaus M.H., Reno A.G., Riess M., Sakellariadou A.S., Sakharov P., Salucci M., Santander E., Santos F., Sarazin E.N., Saridakis S.J., Sciutto A., Shafieloo D.H., Shoemaker K., Sinha D., Soldin J.F., Soriano D., Staicova L., Sun D.A., Steer B., Thomas J.A., Tomsick V.B., Valera J.A., Vazquez T.M., Venters L., Visinelli S., Watson J.K., Webb A., Weltman S., Wissel A.K., Yadav F., Yang W., Yang N., Yunes A., Yushkov H., Zhang Division of Physics Math and Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Lehman College City University of New York Bronx NY10468 United States Department of Physics Graduate Center City University of New York NY10016 United States Department of Astrophysics American Museum of Natural History NY10024 United States Department of Physics Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center University of Wisconsin MadisonWI53706 United States Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Physics & Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48823 United States NASA Postdoctoral Program Astroparticle Physics Lab Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Physics Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States University of Münster Germany Istanbul Technical University Turkey Case Western Reserve University Imperial College London United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute Italy Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC Spain University of Ferrara Italy Syracuse University United States University of Wisconsin-Madison United States University of Cambridge United Kingdom Johns Hopkins University United States Stanford University United States Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Brazil Instituto Superior Técnico Portugal Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark Dartmouth College United States Técnico Lisbon and Niels Bohr Institute Denmark University of Alabama Huntsville United States Columbia University United States Università di Bologna Italy Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgiu

Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics take two primary forms: Very high energy particles (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays) and gravitational waves. Already today, these probes give access to fundamental physics not available by any other means, helping elucidate the underlying theory that completes the Standard Model. The last decade has witnessed a revolution of exciting discoveries such as the detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves. The scope for major developments in the next decades is dramatic, as we detail in this report. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravity waves

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Ferroptosis Detection: From Approaches to Applications

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第35期135卷

作者： Fantian Zeng Sureya Nijiati Longguang Tang Jinmin Ye Zijian Zhou Xiaoyuan Chen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Affiliated Gaozhou People's Hospital Guangdong Medical University Guangdong 524023 China Contribution: Writing - original draft (supporting) Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518057 China Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead) Supervision (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119074 Singapore Clinical Imaging Research Centre Centre for Translational Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117599 Singapore Nanomedicine Translational Research Program NUS Center for Nanomedicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos Singapore 138673 Singapore Contribution: Funding acquisition (supporting) Supervision (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal)

Understanding the intricate molecular machinery that governs ferroptosis and leveraging this accumulating knowledge could facilitate disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Emerging approaches for the in situ detection of the major regulators and biological events across cellular, tissue, and in living subjects provide a multiscale perspective for studying ferroptosis. Furthermore, advanced applications that integrate ferroptosis detection and the latest technologies hold tremendous promise in ferroptosis research. In this review, we first briefly summarize the mechanisms and key regulators underlying ferroptosis. Ferroptosis detection approaches are then presented to delineate their design, mechanisms of action, and applications. Special interest is placed on advanced ferroptosis applications that integrate multifunctional platforms. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of ferroptosis detection approaches and applications, with the aim of providing a roadmap for the theranostic development of a broad range of ferroptosis-related diseases.

关键词： Ferroptosis Fluorescence Probes PET

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Theia: Summary of physics program. Snowmass White Paper Submission

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Askins, M. Bagdasarian, Z. Barros, N. Beier, E.W. Bernstein, A. Böhles, M. Blucher, E. Bonventre, R. Bourret, E. Callaghan, E.J. Caravaca, J. Diwan, M. Dye, S.T. Eisch, J. Elagin, A. Enqvist, T. Fahrendholz, U. Fischer, V. Frankiewicz, K. Grant, C. Guffanti, D. Hagner, C. Hallin, A. Jackson, C.M. Jiang, R. Kaptanoglu, T. Klein, J.R. Kolomensky, Yu.G. Kraus, C. Krennrich, F. Kutter, T. Lachenmaier, T. Land, B. Lande, K. Lebanowski, L. Learned, J.G. Li, V.A. Lozza, V. Ludhova, L. Malek, M. Manecki, S. Maneira, J. Maricic, J. Martyn, J. Mastbaum, A. Mauger, C. Mayer, M. Migenda, J. Moretti, F. Napolitano, J. Naranjo, B. Naugle, S. Nieslony, M. Oberauer, L. Gann, Gabriel Orebi Ouellet, J. Pershing, T. Petcov, S.T. Pickard, L. Rosero, R. Sanchez, M.C. Sawatzki, J. Schoppmann, S. Seo, S.H. Smiley, M. Smy, M. Stahl, A. Steiger, H. Stock, M.R. Sunej, H. Svoboda, R. Tiras, E. Trzaska, W.H. Tzanov, M. Vagins, M. Vilela, C. Wang, Z. Wang, J. Wetstein, M. Wilking, M.J. Winslow, L. Wittich, P. Wonsak, B. Worcester, E. Wurm, M. Yang, G. Yeh, M. Zimmerman, E.D. Zsoldos, S. Zuber, K. Physics Department University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720-7300 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720-8153 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104-6396 United States Departamento de Física Campo Grande Edifício C8 Lisboa1749-016 Portugal Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 2 Lisboa1649-003 Portugal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Institute of Physics and Excellence Cluster PRISMA Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz55099 Germany The Enrico Fermi Institute Department of Physics The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States University of Hawai‘i at Manoa HonoluluHI96822 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Physics University of Jyväskylä Finland Physik-Department and Excellence Cluster Universe Technische Universität München Garching85748 Germany University of California Davis 1 Shields Avenue DavisCA95616 United States Boston University Department of Physics BostonMA02215 United States Institut für Experimentalphysik Universität Hamburg Hamburg22761 Germany University of Alberta Department of Physics 4-181 CCIS EdmontonABT6G 2E1 Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99352 United States Laurentian University Department of Physics 935 Ramsey Lake Road SudburyONP3E 2C6 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Universität Tübingen Tübingen72076 Germany Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute for Nuclear Physics Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße Jülich52425 Germany University of Sheffield Physics & Astronomy Western Bank SheffieldS10 2TN United Kingdom

Theia would be a novel, "hybrid" optical neutrino detector, with a rich physics program. This paper is intended to provide a brief overview of the concepts and physics reach of Theia. Full details can be fou...

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Early Release science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ahrer, Eva-Maria Stevenson, Kevin B. Mansfield, Megan Moran, Sarah E. Brande, Jonathan Morello, Giuseppe Murray, Catriona A. Nikolov, Nikolay K. Petit dit de la Roche, Dominique J.M. Schlawin, Everett Wheatley, Peter J. Zieba, Sebastian Batalha, Natasha E. Damiano, Mario Goyal, Jayesh M. Lendl, Monika Lothringer, Joshua D. Mukherjee, Sagnick Ohno, Kazumasa Batalha, Natalie M. Battley, Matthew P. Bean, Jacob L. Beatty, Thomas G. Benneke, Björn Berta-Thompson, Zachory K. Carter, Aarynn L. Cubillos, Patricio E. Daylan, Tansu Espinoza, Néstor Gao, Peter Gibson, Neale P. Gill, Samuel Harrington, Joseph Hu, Renyu Kreidberg, Laura Lewis, Nikole K. Line, Michael R. López-Morales, Mercedes Parmentier, Vivien Powell, Diana K. Sing, David K. Tsai, Shang-Min Wakeford, Hannah R. Welbanks, Luis Alam, Munazza K. Alderson, Lili Allen, Natalie H. Anderson, David R. Barstow, Joanna K. Bayliss, Daniel Bell, Taylor J. Blecic, Jasmina Bryant, Edward M. Burleigh, Matthew R. Carone, Ludmila Casewell, S.L. Changeat, Quentin Chubb, Katy L. Crossfield, Ian J.M. Crouzet, Nicolas Decin, Leen Désert, Jean-Michel Feinstein, Adina D. Flagg, Laura Fortney, Jonathan J. Gizis, John E. Heng, Kevin Iro, Nicolas Kempton, Eliza M.-R. Kendrew, Sarah Kirk, James Knutson, Heather A. Komacek, Thaddeus D. Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Leconte, Jérémy Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob MacDonald, Ryan J. Mancini, Luigi May, E.M. Mayne, N.J. Miguel, Yamila Mikal-Evans, Thomas Molaverdikhani, Karan Palle, Enric Piaulet, Caroline Rackham, Benjamin V. Redfield, Seth Rogers, Laura K. Roy, Pierre-Alexis Rustamkulov, Zafar Shkolnik, Evgenya L. Sotzen, Kristin S. Taylor, Jake Tremblin, P. Tucker, Gregory S. Turner, Jake D. de Val-Borro, Miguel Venot, Olivia Zhang, Xi Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom Johns Hopkins APL LaurelMD United States Steward Observatory University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States NHFP Sagan Fellow United States Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States Tenerife Spain Tenerife Spain INAF- Palermo Astronomical Observatory Piazza del Parlamento Palermo Italy Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Space Telescope Science Institute BaltimoreMD United States Département d'Astronomie Université de Genève Sauverny Switzerland Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Heidelberg Germany Leiden Observatory University of Leiden Leiden Netherlands NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory PasadenaCA United States HBNI Odisha India Department of Physics Utah Valley University OremUT United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA United States Astrobiology Program UC Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI United States Department of Physics Institute for Research on Exoplanets Université de Montréal MontrealQC Canada Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Pino Torinese Italy Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States LSSTC Catalyst Fellow Department of Physics & Astronomy Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science WashingtonDC United States School of Physics Trinity Col

Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes at work and, if in equilibrium, revealing planet formation histories. Transmission spectroscopye.g., 1,2 provides the necessary means by constraining the abundances of oxygen- and carbon-bearing species;however, this requires broad wavelength coverage, moderate spectral resolution, and high precision that, together, are not achievable with previous observatories. Now that JWST has commenced science operations, we are able to observe exoplanets at previously uncharted wavelengths and spectral resolutions. Here we report time-series observations of the transiting exoplanet WASP-39b using JWST’s Near InfraRed Camera (NIRCam). The long-wavelength spectroscopic and short-wavelength photometric light curves span 2.0 – 4.0 µm, exhibit minimal systematics, and reveal well-defined molecular absorption features in the planet’s spectrum. Specifically, we detect gaseous H2O in the atmosphere and place an upper limit on the abundance of CH4. The otherwise prominent CO2 feature at 2.8 µm is largely masked by H2O. The best-fit chemical equilibrium models favour an atmospheric metallicity of 1–100× solar (i.e., an enrichment of elements heavier than helium relative to the Sun) and a sub-stellar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio. The inferred high metallicity and low C/O ratio may indicate significant accretion of solid materials during planet formatione.g., 3,4 or disequilibrium processes in the upper atmospheree.g., 5,6 © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Spectral resolution

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