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arXiv 2021年

作者： Guo, Ningyan Zhao, Sihao Zhang, Xiao-Ping Yao, Zheng Cui, Xiaowei Lu, Mingquan The School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China The Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Ryerson University TorontoONM5B 2K3 Canada The Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

It is an essential technique for the moving user nodes (UNs) with clock offset and clock skew to resolve the joint localization and synchronization (JLAS) problem. Existing iterative maximum likelihood methods using sequential one-way time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements from the anchor nodes' (AN) broadcast signals require a good initial guess and have a computational complexity that grows with the number of iterations, given the size of the problem. In this paper, we propose a new closed-form JLAS approach, namely CFJLAS, which achieves the asymptotically optimal solution in one shot without initialization when the noise is small, and has a low computational complexity. After squaring and differencing the sequential TOA measurement equations, we devise two intermediate variables to reparameterize the non-linear problem. In this way, we convert the problem to a simpler one of solving two simultaneous quadratic equations. We then solve the equations analytically to obtain a raw closed-form JLAS estimation. Finally, we apply a weighted least squares (WLS) step to optimize the estimation. We derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB), analyze the estimation error, and show that the estimation accuracy of the CFJLAS reaches the CRLB under the small noise condition. The complexity of the new CFJLAS is only determined by the size of the problem, unlike the conventional iterative method, whose complexity is additionally multiplied by the number of iterations. Simulations in a 2D scene verify that the estimation accuracies of the new CFJLAS method in position, velocity, clock offset, and clock skew all reach the CRLB under the small noise condition. Compared with the conventional iterative method, which requires a proper initialization to converge and has a growing complexity with more iterations, the proposed new CFJLAS method does not require initialization, obtains the optimal solution under the small noise condition, and has a low computational complexity. © 2021, CC BY-NC

关键词： Iterative methods

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Population stratification enables modeling effects of reopening policies on mortality and hospitalization rates

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Huang, Tongtong Chu, Yan Shams, Shayan Kim, Yejin Allen, Genevera Annapragada, Ananth V. Subramanian, Devika Kakadiaris, Ioannis Gottlieb, Assaf Jiang, Xiaoqian School of Biomedical Informatics UTHealth HoustonTX United States Department of Computer Science & Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Pediatric Radiology Texas Children’s hospital HoustonTX United States Department of Computer Science Electrical & Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX United States

Objective: We study the influence of local reopening policies on the composition of the infectious population and their impact on future hospitalization and mortality rates. Materials and Methods: We collected datasets of daily reported hospitalization and cumulative morality of COVID-19 in Houston, Texas, from May 1, 2020 until June 29, 2020. These datasets are from multiple sources (USA FACTS, Southeast Texas Regional Advisory Council COVID-19 report, TMC daily news, and New York Times county-level mortality reporting). Our model, risk-stratified SIR-HCD uses separate variables to model the dynamics of local-contact (e.g., work from home) and high-contact (e.g., work on site) subpopulations while sharing parameters to control their respective R0(t) over time. Results: We evaluated our model’s forecasting performance in Harris County, TX (the most populated county in the Greater Houston area) during the Phase-I and Phase-II reopening. Not only did our model outperform other competing models, it also supports counterfactual analysis to simulate the impact of future policies in a local setting, which is unique among existing approaches. Discussion: Local mortality and hospitalization are significantly impacted by quarantine and reopening policies. No existing model has directly accounted for the effect of these policies on local trends in infections, hospitalizations, and deaths in an explicit and explainable manner. Our work is an attempt to close this important technical gap to support decision making. Conclusion: Despite several limitations, we think it is a timely effort to rethink about how to best model the dynamics of pandemics under the influence of reopening policies. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hospitals

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Fluorescence-enhanced mid-infrared photothermal microscopy

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Yi Zong, Haonan Zong, Cheng Tan, Yuying Zhang, Meng Zhan, Yuewei Cheng, Ji-Xin Department of Physics Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

Mid-infrared photothermal microscopy is a new chemical imaging technology in which a visible beam senses the photothermal effect induced by a pulsed infrared laser. This technology provides infrared spectroscopic information at sub-micron spatial resolution and enables infrared spectroscopy and imaging of living cells and organisms. Yet, current mid-infrared photothermal imaging sensitivity suffers from a weak dependance of scattering on temperature and the image quality is vulnerable to the speckles caused by scattering. Here, we present a novel version of mid-infrared photothermal microscopy in which thermo-sensitive fluorescent probes are harnessed to sense the mid-infrared photothermal effect. The fluorescence intensity can be modulated at the level of 1% per Kelvin, which is 100 times larger than the modulation of scattering intensity. In addition, fluorescence emission is free of speckles, thus much improving the image quality. Moreover, fluorophores can target specific organelles or biomolecules, thus augmenting the specificity of photothermal imaging. Spectral fidelity is confirmed through fingerprinting a single bacterium. Finally, the photobleaching issue is successfully addressed through the development of a wide-field fluorescence-enhanced mid-infrared photothermal microscope which allows video rate bond-selective imaging of biological specimens. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Infrared devices

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Progress in wearable electronics/photonics—Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things

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InfoMat 2020年第6期2卷 1131-1162页

作者： Qiongfeng Shi Bowei Dong Tianyiyi He Zhongda Sun Jianxiong Zhu Zixuan Zhang Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS National University of SingaporeSingapore117608Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Flexible(Stretchable)Electronic Systems Program National University of SingaporeSingapore117608Singapore NUS Suzhou Research Institute(NUSRI) Suzhou215123China NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore

The past few years have witnessed the significant impacts of wearable electronics/photonics on various aspects of our daily life,for example,healthcare monitoring and treatment,ambient monitoring,soft robotics,prosthetics,flexible display,communication,human-machine interactions,and so *** to the development in recent years,the next-generation wearable electronics and photonics are advancing rapidly toward the era of artificial intelligence(AI)and internet of things(IoT),to achieve a higher level of comfort,convenience,connection,and ***,this review provides an opportune overview of the recent progress in wearable electronics,photonics,and systems,in terms of emerging materials,transducing mechanisms,structural configurations,applications,and their further integration with other ***,development of general wearable electronics and photonics is summarized for the applications of physical sensing,chemical sensing,humanmachine interaction,display,communication,and so *** self-sustainable wearable electronics/photonics and systems are discussed based on system integration with energy harvesting and storage ***,technology fusion of wearable systems and AI is reviewed,showing the emergence and rapid development of intelligent/smart *** the last section of this review,perspectives about the future development trends of the next-generation wearable electronics/photonics are provided,that is,toward multifunctional,self-sustainable,and intelligent wearable systems in the AI/IoT era.

关键词： artificial intelligence energy harvesting human-machine interface internet of things wearable electronics wearable photonics

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Assessing Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Paced Breathing

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BLOOD 2020年 136卷 57-58页

作者： Wood, Sossena Fanta, Abeselom Dosunmu-Ogunbi, Atinuke Ruesch, Alexander Jonassaint, Jude Huppert, Theodore Novelli, Enrico M. Kainerstorfer, Jana Department of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA Academic Research Center for Hematology (ARCH) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA

Introduction. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by hemoglobin S polymerization leading to vaso-occlusion, small vessel disease, and reduced tissue oxygen saturation. Noninvasive assessments and screening of small vessel disease and decreased oxygen saturation in select organs, like the brain, are poorly developed. Cerebral autoregulation, a mechanism that ensures cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains constant with changes in mean arterial pressure, is impaired with and is a marker of small vessel disease. Frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) can be used as a noninvasive technique to measure cerebral autoregulation by recording cerebral microvascular changes in hemoglobin concentration that are related to cerebral blood flow. Transfer function analysis is a method to noninvasively quantify the relationship between measured physiologic signals, and can be used to estimate cerebral autoregulation. In this study, we hypothesized patients with SCD have impaired cerebral autoregulation and reduced tissue oxygen saturation, which we evaluated via FD-NIRS with transfer function analysis, as compared to healthy controls. Methods. All patients provided informed consent under an IRB protocol approved by the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University. Patients with SCD (n = 11) and healthy, race-matched controls (n =14) were enrolled. All participants sat upright in a chair with probes of a commercial multi-distance FD-NIRS apparatus applied to their forehead in a dark room (Fig. 1A). We used paced breathing to dynamically induce controlled changes in the microvascular tone at 0.1, 0.125, and 0.1667 Hz, spanning normal to more challenging breathing rates, with a visual metronome guiding each paced breathing session (Fig.1.B). To validate each breathing pace, we recorded the participants’ respiratory rate via a belt placed around their chest, and their mean arterial pressure through a finger and arm cuff attached to a beat-to-beat finger plethysmograp

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Fully Integrated Si-Rich Silicon Nitride Wavelength Converter Based on Bragg Scattering Intermodal Four-Wave Mixing 49

Fully Integrated Si-Rich Silicon Nitride Wavelength Converte...

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49th European Conference on Optical Communications, ECOC 2023

作者： Vitali, Valerio Dominguez Bucio, Thalia Liu, Hao Manuel Luque Gonzalez, Jose Jurado-Romero, Francisco Ortega-Monux, Alejandro Churchill, Glenn C. Gates, James Hillier, James Kalfagiannis, Nikolaos Melati, Daniele Schmid, Jens H. Cristiani, Ilaria Cheben, Pavel Wanguemert-Perez, J. Gonzalo Inigo Molina-Fernandez Gardes, Frederic Lacava, Cosimo Petropoulos, Periklis Optoelectronics Research Centre University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department University of Pavia Pavia27100 Italy Universidad de Malaga CEI Andalucia TECH E.T.S.I. Telecomunicacion Malaga29010 Spain School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies Universit e Paris-Saclay CNRS Palaiseau91120 France Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road OttawaONK1A 0R6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781839539954

We report the demonstration of an integrated silicon-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal four-wave mixing process. The system integrates mode conversion, multiplexing and de-multiplexing functionalities on chip. Broadband signal conversion with a 3dB bandwidth exceeding 70 nm is demonstrated. © The Institution of engineering & Technology 2023.

关键词： Four wave mixing

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Identifying Materials-Level Sources of Performance Variation in Superconducting Transmon Qubits

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Murthy, Akshay A. Bal, Mustafa Bedzyk, Michael J. Cansizoglu, Hilal Chan, Randall K. Chandrasekhar, Venkat Crisa, Francesco Datta, Amlan Deng, Yanpei Matute Diaz, Celeo D. Dravid, Vinayak P. Garcia-Wetten, David A. Garattoni, Sabrina Ghimire, Sunil Goronzy, Dominic P. de Graaf, Sebastian E. Haeuser, Sam Hersam, Mark C. Isheim, Dieter Joshi, Kamal Kim, Richard Kolachina, Saagar Kopas, Cameron J. Kramer, Matthew J. Lachman, Ella O. Lee, Jaeyel Lim, Peter G. Lunin, Andrei Mah, William Marshall, Jayss Mutus, Josh Y. Oh, Jin-Su Pappas, David P. Park, Joong-Mok Prozorov, Ruslan dos Reis, Roberto Seidman, David N. Sung, Zuhawn Tanatar, Makariy Walker, Mitchell J. Wang, Jigang Wu, Haotian Zhou, Lin Zhu, Shaojiang Grassellino, Anna Romanenko, Alexander BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Rigetti Computing BerkeleyCA94710 United States Ames National Laboratory AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States The NUANCE Center Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States National Physical Laboratory TeddingtonTW11 0LW United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

The Superconducting Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center, a DOE National Quantum Information Science Research Center, has conducted a comprehensive and coordinated study using superconducting transmon qubit chips with known performance metrics to identify the underlying materials-level sources of device-to-device performance variation. Following qubit coherence measurements, these qubits of varying base superconducting metals and substrates have been examined with various nondestructive and invasive material characterization techniques at Northwestern University, Ames National Laboratory, and Fermilab as part of a blind study. We find trends in variations of the depth of the etched substrate trench, the thickness of the surface oxide, and the geometry of the sidewall, which when combined, lead to correlations with the T1 lifetime across different devices. In addition, we provide a list of features that varied from device to device, for which the impact on performance requires further studies. Finally, we identify two low-temperature characterization techniques that may potentially serve as proxy tools for qubit measurements. These insights provide materials-oriented solutions to not only reduce performance variations across neighboring devices, but also to engineer and fabricate devices with optimal geometries to achieve performance metrics beyond the state-of-the-art values. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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Deep Automatic Alignment of Mpox Dermatological Hand Photography

Deep Automatic Alignment of Mpox Dermatological Hand Photogr...

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IEEE International Symposium on biomedical Imaging

作者： Bohan Jiang Andrew McNeil Yihao Liu Gaurav Rudravaram Inga Saknite Placide Mbala-Kingebeni Olivier Tshiani Mbaya Tyra Silaphet Rachel Weiss Lori E. Dodd Veronique Nussenblatt Daniel Moyer Bennett A. Landman Benoit M. Dawant Eric R. Tkaczyk Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Dermatology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA Department of Veterans Affairs Dermatology Service and Research Service Nashville TN USA Biophotonics Laboratory University of Latvia Riga Latvia Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD USA Clinical Trials Research Section Division of Clinical Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Bethesda MD USA Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Bethesda MD USA Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

Mpox is a viral illness with heavy cutaneous involvement. Automatic tracking of mpox lesion progression is critical in determining the resolution of evolving lesions. This work introduces a novel application of deep learning for lesion monitoring through alignment of dermatological hand photographs. By adapting the VoxelMorph framework for 2D photographic data, we explore key point alignment across serial images. We trained our neural network model on a unique dataset of 1,658 hand images and evaluated its performance on a test set of 254 images. Additionally, we validated the method's generalizability with a supplementary set of 500 images, which included extensive Mpox infection. Our findings indicate modest yet significant improvements in key points and lesion center registration across different regularization strengths. Although promising, the complexity of hand structure presents challenges, requiring cautious application and further refinement, especially in regions with intense spatial discontinuities, such as interdigital areas.

关键词： Hands Photography Deep learning Training Three-dimensional displays Image resolution Neural networks Parametric statistics Lesions Monitoring

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Machine Learning-Aided At-Line Detection of Bacterial marker NA for Cell Manufacturing

Machine Learning-Aided At-Line Detection of Bacterial marker...

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Laser Science, LS 2021 - Part of Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2021

作者： Huang, Jiayi Ahmed, Thiara Sana Baranski, Maciej Lee, Elizabeth Chelvam, Shruthi Pandi Wu, Ying Ying Ram, Rajeev Rice, Scott Yong, Derrick Springs, Stacy Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-medicine Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre 1 Create Way 138602 Singapore School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Dr Singapore637459 Singapore Bioprocessing Technology Institute Agency for Science Technology and Research 20 Biopolis Way 138668 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering 60 Nanyang Dr 637551 Singapore Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Agency for Science Technology and Research 2 Fusionopolis Way 138634 Singapore Center for Biomedical Innovation Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

We show a machine learning-aided UV spectroscopy-based method using aseptic instrumentation to detect metabolite NA, a marker of microbial contamination. This potentially enables rapid, at-line microbial contamination... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Contamination

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Compressibility-Near-Zero Acoustic Radiation

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Physical Review Applied 2021年第2期15卷 024022-024022页

作者： Curtis Rasmussen Andrea Alù Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Photonics Initiative CUNY Advanced Science Research Center New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10026 USA

A hallmark of near-zero-index materials is the uniform phase profile that the waves experience as they propagate with staticlike properties in these media. This feature is exploited in electromagnetics for several applications, including for the realization of compact highly directive antennas illuminated by a single source. Here, we discuss the promise of near-zero metamaterials for acoustic radiation, based on the cutoff of a higher-order mode in a waveguide with small holes. We show that the near-zero nature of this phenomenon ensures unusual robustness to disorder, which is analyzed using a statistical description of the radiation patterns for randomly generated location of the holes. The radiation pattern can be made more directive by simply increasing the overall radiating aperture, without having to worry about the specific location of individual holes and their relative distance. The proposed zero-compressibility material offers a promising alternative to traditional acoustic directive sources due to its design simplicity, inherent robustness, and compact profile.

关键词： Acoustic metamaterials Acoustic wave phenomena Disordered systems Acoustic techniques Cavity resonators Green's function methods

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