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arXiv 2025年

作者： Murthy, Akshay A. Bal, Mustafa Bedzyk, Michael J. Cansizoglu, Hilal Chan, Randall K. Chandrasekhar, Venkat Crisa, Francesco Datta, Amlan Deng, Yanpei Matute Diaz, Celeo D. Dravid, Vinayak P. Garcia-Wetten, David A. Garattoni, Sabrina Ghimire, Sunil Goronzy, Dominic P. de Graaf, Sebastian E. Haeuser, Sam Hersam, Mark C. Isheim, Dieter Joshi, Kamal Kim, Richard Kolachina, Saagar Kopas, Cameron J. Kramer, Matthew J. Lachman, Ella O. Lee, Jaeyel Lim, Peter G. Lunin, Andrei Mah, William Marshall, Jayss Mutus, Josh Y. Oh, Jin-Su Pappas, David P. Park, Joong-Mok Prozorov, Ruslan dos Reis, Roberto Seidman, David N. Sung, Zuhawn Tanatar, Makariy Walker, Mitchell J. Wang, Jigang Wu, Haotian Zhou, Lin Zhu, Shaojiang Grassellino, Anna Romanenko, Alexander BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Rigetti Computing BerkeleyCA94710 United States Ames National Laboratory AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States The NUANCE Center Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States National Physical Laboratory TeddingtonTW11 0LW United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

The Superconducting Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center, a DOE National Quantum Information Science Research Center, has conducted a comprehensive and coordinated study using superconducting transmon qubit chips with known performance metrics to identify the underlying materials-level sources of device-to-device performance variation. Following qubit coherence measurements, these qubits of varying base superconducting metals and substrates have been examined with various nondestructive and invasive material characterization techniques at Northwestern University, Ames National Laboratory, and Fermilab as part of a blind study. We find trends in variations of the depth of the etched substrate trench, the thickness of the surface oxide, and the geometry of the sidewall, which when combined, lead to correlations with the T1 lifetime across different devices. In addition, we provide a list of features that varied from device to device, for which the impact on performance requires further studies. Finally, we identify two low-temperature characterization techniques that may potentially serve as proxy tools for qubit measurements. These insights provide materials-oriented solutions to not only reduce performance variations across neighboring devices, but also to engineer and fabricate devices with optimal geometries to achieve performance metrics beyond the state-of-the-art values. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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Epipolar Geometry on Drones Cameras for Swarm Robotics Applications

Epipolar Geometry on Drones Cameras for Swarm Robotics Appli...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Andres Erazo Eduardo Tayupanta Seok-Bum Ko Division of Biomedical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Member IEEE Saskatoon Canada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas − ESPE Quito Ecuador Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Division of Biomedical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Senior Member IEEE Saskatoon Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728133201

ISBN: (纸本)9781728133218

Nowadays, Convolutional Neural Networks are commonly used in classification of images due to their accuracy and performance. In robotics, cameras are used as the main sensor to be able to gather information of the environment; however, image processing could require great amounts of resources. An approach for object detection for 3D environment navigation was implemented, using onboard 2D cameras of mini-drones. A TensorFlow network was fine-tuned for specific object classification and epipolar geometry used to obtain measures of distance between three drones and the detected items. An average measurement accuracy of 0.6094 was obtained, with an average projection error of the cameras of 0.08779. The processing time for object prediction was approximately 0.02 seconds, which correspond to the 37% of the total time needed for a Node's iteration.

关键词： Cameras Drones Robots Optical distortion Three-dimensional displays Image reconstruction IP networks

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Compressibility-Near-Zero Acoustic Radiation

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Physical Review Applied 2021年第2期15卷 024022-024022页

作者： Curtis Rasmussen Andrea Alù Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Photonics Initiative CUNY Advanced Science Research Center New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10026 USA

A hallmark of near-zero-index materials is the uniform phase profile that the waves experience as they propagate with staticlike properties in these media. This feature is exploited in electromagnetics for several applications, including for the realization of compact highly directive antennas illuminated by a single source. Here, we discuss the promise of near-zero metamaterials for acoustic radiation, based on the cutoff of a higher-order mode in a waveguide with small holes. We show that the near-zero nature of this phenomenon ensures unusual robustness to disorder, which is analyzed using a statistical description of the radiation patterns for randomly generated location of the holes. The radiation pattern can be made more directive by simply increasing the overall radiating aperture, without having to worry about the specific location of individual holes and their relative distance. The proposed zero-compressibility material offers a promising alternative to traditional acoustic directive sources due to its design simplicity, inherent robustness, and compact profile.

关键词： Acoustic metamaterials Acoustic wave phenomena Disordered systems Acoustic techniques Cavity resonators Green's function methods

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Idealized aortic annuloplasty FSI digital twin of 3D-printed phantoms with 4D-flow MRI comparison

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年第PT B期192卷 110398-110398页

作者： Bontempi, Luca Zattoni, Marta Ramella, Anna Migliavacca, Francesco Ringgaard, Steffen Kim, Won Yong Johansen, Peter Colombo, Monika Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy Department of Biomedical Engineering Thoraxcenter Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark Department of MR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital Denmark Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Denmark Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus University Denmark Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Denmark

Background: Aortic annuloplasty, involving the implantation of an external ring around the aortic root to reduce annular dimensions, is a promising treatment for aortic valve insufficiency. However, its hemodynamic effects remain underexplored due to the absence of computational models validated by experimental and clinical data. Methods: This study introduces a computational fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of supra valvular aortic annuloplasty using 4D-flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Native and post-annuloplasty conditions of idealized aortic root phantoms, including the aortic valve, were CAD-modelled and 3D-printed with elastic resin. These phantoms were tested in a mock circulatory flow-loop providing normal pulsatile physiologic conditions using a glycerol-water mixture to simulate blood viscosity. Flow and pressure data collected from sensors were used as boundary conditions for FSI simulations. Experimental velocity fields from 4D-flow MRI were compared to computational results to assess model accuracy. Results: MRI scans of the annuloplasty model showed an increased peak systolic velocity (up to 145.4 cm/s) and localized flow alterations, corresponding to a higher pressure gradient across the valve. During regurgitation, the annuloplasty model showed broader velocity distributions compared to the native condition. The FSI simulations closely matched 4D-flow MRI data, with strong correlation coefficients (r > 0.93) and minimal Bland-Altman differences, particularly during systolic phases. Conclusions: This study establishes an integrative methodology combining in-vitro, in-silico, and clinical imaging techniques to evaluate aortic annuloplasty hemodynamics. The in-vitro validated digital twin framework offers a pathway for patient-specific modelling, enabling prediction of surgical outcomes and optimization of aortic valve repair strategies. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Theranostics

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Fully Integrated Si-Rich Silicon Nitride Wavelength Converter Based on Bragg Scattering Intermodal Four-Wave Mixing 49

Fully Integrated Si-Rich Silicon Nitride Wavelength Converte...

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49th European Conference on Optical Communications, ECOC 2023

作者： Vitali, Valerio Dominguez Bucio, Thalia Liu, Hao Manuel Luque Gonzalez, Jose Jurado-Romero, Francisco Ortega-Monux, Alejandro Churchill, Glenn C. Gates, James Hillier, James Kalfagiannis, Nikolaos Melati, Daniele Schmid, Jens H. Cristiani, Ilaria Cheben, Pavel Wanguemert-Perez, J. Gonzalo Inigo Molina-Fernandez Gardes, Frederic Lacava, Cosimo Petropoulos, Periklis Optoelectronics Research Centre University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department University of Pavia Pavia27100 Italy Universidad de Malaga CEI Andalucia TECH E.T.S.I. Telecomunicacion Malaga29010 Spain School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies Universit e Paris-Saclay CNRS Palaiseau91120 France Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road OttawaONK1A 0R6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781839539954

We report the demonstration of an integrated silicon-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal four-wave mixing process. The system integrates mode conversion, multiplexing and de-multiplexing functionalities on chip. Broadband signal conversion with a 3dB bandwidth exceeding 70 nm is demonstrated. © The Institution of engineering & Technology 2023.

关键词： Four wave mixing

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Spinal functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) on Human Studies: A Literature Review

Spinal functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) on Human...

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2019 Advances in Science and engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2019

作者： Al-Momani, Sajedah Dhou, Salam Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Engineering Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682715

Spinal functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a newly emerging non-invasive imaging technique that has been introduced to study the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) changes in the spinal cord associated with a certain activity or even at rest. Spinal fMRI is also used to assess the treatment of many dysfunctions affect the spinal cord such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this paper is to propose a literature review of spinal fMRI studies performed on healthy human volunteers. The studies reviewed are divided based on the paradigm being performed during image acquisition into (1) studies under activities and stimulus which are further classified according to the type of the stimuli, and (2) studies at resting state. Moreover, the limitations of spinal fMRI and how to tackle them are discussed. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Differentiating COVID-19 Cases from Others by an Anatomy Similarity-Inspired Sensitive Merit from CT Images

Differentiating COVID-19 Cases from Others by an Anatomy Sim...

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2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2020

作者： Gao, Yongfeng Pomeroy, Marc Cao, Weiguo Lu, Siming Han, Fangfang Wang, Luhao Chen, Mu Sun, Junqi Xie, Hong Liang, Zhengrong The Department of Radiology Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY11794 United States The School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University Guangdong Guangzhou510515 China The School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Innovision Imaging Laboratory INC DurhamNC27709 United States Duke Kunshan University Kunshan Jiangsu215316 China The Department of Radiology Yuebei People's Hospital Guangdong Shaoguan710049 China The Department of Radiology Biomedical Engineering Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY11794 United States The Department of Radiology The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang550004 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176932

Computed tomography (CT) of COVID-19 manifests a relatively global effect through the whole lungs, like peripheral ground glass, consolidation, reticular pattern, nodules etc. This characteristic effect renders the difficulties in differentiating COVID-19 from the normal body or other lung diseases by CT. This work presents a novel method to relieve the difficulties by reducing the global effect through the 3D whole lung volume into 2D-like domain. The hypothesis is that the lung tissue shares the similar anatomic structure within a small lung sub-volume for normal subjects. Therefore, the anatomic land-markers along the z-axis, denoted as Lung Marks are used to eliminate axial variable. Our experiments indicated that 30 Lung Marks are sufficient to eliminate the axial variable. The method computes texture measures from each 2D-like volumetric data and maps the measures on to the corresponding Lung Mark, resulting in a profile along the z-axis. The difference of the profiles between two different abnormalities is the proposed sensitive merit to differentiate COVID-19 cases from others in CT images. 48 COVID-19 cases and 48 normal screening cases were used to test the effectiveness of the proposed sensitive merit. Intensity and gradient based texture descriptors were computed from each axial cross image at the corresponding Lung Mark along the z-axis. Euclidean, Jaccard and Dice distances are calculated to generate the profiles of the proposed sensitive merit. Consistent results are observed across texture descriptor types and distance types in the texture measure between the normal and COVID-19 subjects. Uneven Profiles demonstrate the variation along the z-axis. With Lung Mark, the variation of texture descriptor has been reduced prominently. The Gradient based descriptor is more sensitive. Individual Haralick features analysis shows the 2nd and 10th dimensions are most distinguishable. © 2020 IEEE

关键词： COVID-19

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Quantum-Well Bound States in Graphene Heterostructure Interfaces

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第8期127卷 086805-086805页

作者： Zhongwei Dai (代中伟) Zhaoli Gao Sergey S. Pershoguba Nikhil Tiwale Ashwanth Subramanian Qicheng Zhang Calley Eads Samuel A. Tenney Richard M. Osgood Chang-Yong Nam Jiadong Zang A. T. Charlie Johnson Jerzy T. Sadowski Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Physics and Astronomy and Materials Science Program University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA

We present experimental evidence of electronic and optical interlayer resonances in graphene van der Waals heterostructure interfaces. Using the spectroscopic mode of a low-energy electron microscope (LEEM), we characterized these interlayer resonant states up to 10 eV above the vacuum level. Compared with nontwisted, AB-stacked bilayer graphene (AB BLG), an ≈0.2 Å increase was found in the interlayer spacing of 30° twisted bilayer graphene (30°-tBLG). In addition, we used Raman spectroscopy to probe the inelastic light-matter interactions. A unique type of Fano resonance was found around the D and G modes of the graphene lattice vibrations. This anomalous, robust Fano resonance is a direct result of quantum confinement and the interplay between discrete phonon states and the excitonic continuum.

关键词： Electronic structure Graphene Heterostructures Low-energy electron microscopy Raman spectroscopy

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LungViT: Ensembling Cascade of Texture Sensitive Hierarchical Vision Transformers for Cross-Volume Chest CT Image-to-Image Translation

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chaudhary, Muhammad F.A. Gerard, Sarah E. Christensen, Gary E. Cooper, Christopher B. Schroeder, Joyce D. Hoffman, Eric A. Reinhardt, Joseph M. The Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States The Department of Physiology David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States The Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences The University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84132 United States The Department of Radiology The University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States

Chest computed tomography (CT) at inspiration is often complemented by an expiratory CT to identify peripheral airways disease. Additionally, co-registered inspiratory-expiratory volumes can be used to derive various markers of lung function. Expiratory CT scans, however, may not be acquired due to dose or scan time considerations or may be inadequate due to motion or insufficient exhale;leading to a missed opportunity to evaluate underlying small airways disease. Here, we propose LungViT – a generative adversarial learning approach using hierarchical vision transformers for translating inspiratory CT intensities to corresponding expiratory CT intensities. LungViT addresses several limitations of the traditional generative models including slicewise discontinuities, limited size of generated volumes, and their inability to model texture transfer at volumetric level. We propose a shifted-window hierarchical vision transformer architecture with squeeze-and-excitation decoder blocks for modeling dependencies between features. We also propose a multiview texture similarity distance metric for texture and style transfer in 3D. To incorporate global information into the training process and refine the output of our model, we use ensemble cascading. LungViT is able to generate large 3D volumes of size 320 × 320 × 320. We train and validate our model using a diverse cohort of 1500 subjects with varying disease severity. To assess model generalizability beyond the development set biases, we evaluate our model on an out-of-distribution external validation set of 200 subjects. Clinical validation on internal and external testing sets shows that synthetic volumes could be reliably adopted for deriving clinical endpoints of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Textures

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Variational and phase response analysis for limit cycles with hard boundaries, with applications to neuromechanical control problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Yangyang Gill, Jeffrey P. Chiel, Hillel J. Thomas, Peter J. Department of Mathematics The University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH44106 United States Departments of Biology Neurosciencesand Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH44106 United States Departments of Mathematics Applied Mathematics and StatisticsBiologyCognitive ScienceData and Computer Scienceand Electrical Control and Systems Engineering Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH44106 United States

Motor systems show an overall robustness, but because they are highly nonlinear, understanding how they achieve robustness is difficult. In many rhythmic systems, robustness against perturbations involves response of both the shape and the timing of the trajectory. This makes the study of robustness even more challenging. To understand how a motor system produces robust behaviors in a variable environment, we consider a neuromechanical model of motor patterns in the feeding apparatus of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica (Shaw et al., 2015;Lyttle et al., 2017). We established in (Wang et al., 2021) the tools for studying combined shape and timing responses of limit cycle systems under sustained perturbations and here apply them to study robustness of the neuromechanical model against increased mechanical load during swallowing. Interestingly, we discover that nonlinear biomechanical properties confer resilience by immediately increasing resistance to applied loads. In contrast, the effect of changed sensory feedback signal is significantly delayed by the firing rates’ hard boundary properties. Our analysis suggests that sensory feedback contributes to robustness in swallowing primarily by shifting the timing of neural activation involved in the power stroke of the motor cycle (retraction). This effect enables the system to generate stronger retractor muscle forces to compensate for the increased load, and hence achieve strong robustness. The approaches that we are applying to understanding a neuromechanical model in Aplysia, and the results that we have obtained, are likely to provide insights into the function of other motor systems that encounter changing mechanical loads and hard boundaries, both due to mechanical and neuronal firing *** Codes 34C07, 34C15, 58E25, 49J52, 92B20, 93C73 Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Activation analysis

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