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Mapping nanoscale topographic features in thick tissues with speckle diffraction tomography

Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第9期12卷 1877-1885页

作者： Sungsam Kang Renjie Zhou Marten Brelen Heather K.Mak Yuechuan Lin Peter T.C.So Zahid Yaqoob Laser Biomedical Research Center G.R.Harrison Spectroscopy LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Resolving three-dimensional morphological features in thick specimens remains a significant challenge for label-free *** report a new speckle diffraction tomography(SDT)approach that can image thick biological specimens with~500 nm lateral resolution and~1μm axial resolution in a reflection *** SDT,multiple-scattering background is rejected through spatiotemporal gating provided by dynamic speckle-field interferometry,while depth-resolved refractive index maps are reconstructed by developing a comprehensive inverse-scattering model that also considers specimen-induced *** from the high-resolution and full-field quantitative imaging capabilities of SDT,we successfully imaged red blood cells and quantified their membrane fluctuations behind a turbid medium with a thickness of 2.8 scattering mean-free *** importantly,we performed volumetric imaging of cornea inside an ex vivo rat eye and quantified its optical properties,including the mapping of nanoscale topographic features of Dua’s and Descemet’s membranes that had not been previously visualized.

关键词： speckle inverse interferometry

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Effect of Wall Shear Stress on Myoblast Orientation Distribution 14

Effect of Wall Shear Stress on Myoblast Orientation Distribu...

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14th International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics, IMCIC 2023

作者： Yonezawa, Hiroki Hashimoto, Shigehiro Ono, Ryuya Biomedical Engineering Systems Design Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan Biomedical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo1638677 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492718

The effect of wall shear stress on the orientation of cells was examined in vitro. Couette-type shear flow device was made between the lower fixed culture plate and the upper rotating disk with a fixed gap. After 24 hours of no-flow culture to allow cell attachment to the lower culture disc, shear stress of 2 Pa or less was continuously applied to the mouse myoblasts (C2C12) for 24 hours in the incubator. The behavior (deformation and major axis angle) of each cell was tracked by time-lapse images observed with an inverted phase contrast microscope placed in the incubator. At a shear stress of around 1 Pa, cells tend to orient parallel to the shear stress direction. Around 1.4 Pa, several cells tend to deviate from the shear stress direction. Around 1.8 Pa, the cell is widely distributed at various angles. Cells tend to grow longer in the higher shear stress field in all directions, regardless of the direction of shear stress below 2 Pa. The experimental results would be applied to control the orientation of cells in the engineered tissue. © 2023 Proceedings IMCIC - International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics.

关键词： Shear stress

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Open Circuit Type Wind Tunnel Fabrication for Testing Wind Turbine Blade Aerodynamics 3rd

Open Circuit Type Wind Tunnel Fabrication for Testing Wind T...

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3rd International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in engineering, ICECME 2021

作者： Yazid, Amar Syuhada, Ahmad Thaib, Razali of Mechanical Engineering Program Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811936289

Experimental studies of wind turbines require a long time and other obstacles such as weather. There is a need for an assessment system on the effect of the aerodynamic system used in wind turbine blades that is more practical and not affected by natural conditions. The purpose of this study is wind tunnel fabrication to facilitate studies of the characteristics of the turbine blade model that will be developed in the future. Wind tunnels are used with an open system type. The NACA 4412 horizontal axis wind turbine prototype with blade lengths of 70, 90, and 110 mm were tested for the number of blades 3, 4, and 5 at wind speeds between 3–8 m/s, the power generated by the rotor experienced a large change starting at wind speed. 6 m/s. By looking at the resulting blade rotation based on wind potential and speed, getting optimal results at a blade length of 110 mm with 5 blades. At a wind speed of 6 m/s, the rotation is 279.2 rpm, the rotor power is 0.39 W. The wind speed is 8 m/s with a rotation of 526.7 rpm, and the rotor power is 0.64 W. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Wind tunnels

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Cross-cultural Online Networking Based on biomedical engineering to Motivate Transdisciplinary Communication Skills 14

Cross-cultural Online Networking Based on Biomedical Enginee...

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14th International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics, IMCIC 2023

作者： Hashimoto, Shigehiro Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492718

It is not possible to understand the whole with only a specialized field. The content is not always correctly conveyed to nonspecialists. In this study, based on students' awareness of preparing for the future under a pandemic, understanding of the utility of masks against infectious diseases, and the transition of students' daily behavior under a pandemic, a student group activity was carried out with the theme of "designing tools and systems to contribute to social life in pandemic". In addition, to motivate students to improve their transdisciplinary communication skills, cross-cultural online networking was carried out based on biomedical engineering as a multidisciplinary field. © 2023 Proceedings IMCIC - International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics.

关键词： Students

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Simulation Of Public Transportation Operations For Infectious Disease Spreading Among Passengers

Simulation Of Public Transportation Operations For Infectiou...

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2024 Annual Modeling and Simulation Conference, ANNSIM 2024

作者： Zhou, Longfei Liu, Chun Sen Gannon University Industrial and Systems Engineering Department of Biomedical United States Pennsylvania State University Department of Mechanical Engineering United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713899310

Public transportation operation strategies' impact on spreading infectious diseases among passengers is critical due to managing diseases like COVID-19. Public transportation can act as significant vectors for transmission due to high passenger densities and close contact. However, few studies have quantitatively compared disease transmission between different operation strategies. In this work, we examine transmission among passengers by considering the number of public vehicles and their travel directions. A novel evaluation method assesses the spread of diseases. Simulation models for eight bus operation strategies indicate that adding more buses decreases passenger close contact on buses and stations. Uniform bus travel direction ensures evenly distributed passengers, lowering close contact compared to varied directions. These findings inform the development of effective strategies to mitigate transmission risks, ensuring public transportation safety and protecting public health during pandemics. © 2024 SCS.

关键词： Buses

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On the Replication of Human Skin Texture and Hydration on a PDMS-Based Artificial Human Skin Model 9th

On the Replication of Human Skin Texture and Hydration on a ...

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9th International and 49th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, FMFP 2022

作者： Ranjan, Aditya Duryodhan, Vijay S. Patil, Nagesh D. Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Bhilai Raipur492015 India Department of Bioscience & Biomedical Engineering IIT Bhilai Raipur492015 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819971763

In the current study, we have developed an artificial skin sample and replicated the textures and hydration of the human skin on it. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Glutaraldehyde (GA) are used to fabricate an Epidermal Skin Equivalent (ESE) of human skin. Additionally, a PVA-based hydrogel is synthesized, and its hydration property is examined at varying concentrations of PVA. The values of roughness (6.2–10.8 μm), wettability (72–122°), and hydration (10–40% after 24 h) of artificial skin samples fabricated in the present study are found to be very close to that of human skin. The hydration of PVA hydrogel is observed to increase (17–96%) with an increase in PVA concentration (10–30%). Our results highlight that the fabricated artificial skin model closely resembles the surface and hydration characteristics of human skin. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Hydrogels

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Wireless sequential dual light delivery for programmed PDT in vivo

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1047-1061页

作者： Jiayi Liu Bowen Sun Wenkai Li Han-Joon Kim Shu Uin Gan John S.Ho Juwita Norasmara Bte Rahmat Yong Zhang Department of Oncology The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117585Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering Kumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumi39253Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore The N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore Institute for Health Innovation and Technology National University of SingaporeSingapore119276Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Using photodynamic therapy(PDT)to treat deep-seated cancers is limited due to inefficient delivery of photosensitizers and low tissue penetration of *** nanocarriers are widely used for photosensitizer delivery,while the self-quenching of the encapsulated photosensitizers would impair the PDT ***,the generated short-lived reactive oxygen spieces(ROS)can hardly diffuse out of nanocarriers,resulting in low PDT ***,a smart nanocarrier system which can be degraded by light,followed by photosensitizer activation can potentially overcome these limitations and enhance the PDT efficacy.A light-sensitive polymer nanocarrier encapsulating photosensitizer(RB-M)was *** implantable wireless dual wavelength microLED device which delivers the two light wavelengths sequentially was developed to programmatically control the release and activation of the loaded *** transmitter coils with matching resonant frequencies allow activation of the connected LEDs to emit different wavelengths *** irradiation time,dose,and RB-M concentration were determined using an agent-based digital simulation *** vitro and in vivo validation experiments in an orthotopic rat liver hepatocellular carcinoma disease model confirmed that the nanocarrier rupture and sequential low dose light irradiation strategy resulted in successful PDT at reduced photosensitizer and irradiation dose,which is a clinically significant event that enhances treatment safety.

关键词： PDT overcome hardly

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Effect of Aging on Passive Drug Diffusion Through Human Skin 9th

Effect of Aging on Passive Drug Diffusion Through Human Skin

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9th International and 49th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, FMFP 2022

ISBN: (纸本)9789819971763

In the present work, a comparative study of the passive diffusion of a drug through the intercellular (ICR) and sweat duct (SDR) routes of human skin has been performed. We have tested trans-cinnamic acid and caffeine as drugs, as those are the most commonly available compounds. The effect of aging on transdermal drug diffusion has been considered by performing the above analysis for young age ( 60 years). A mathematical model based on Fick’s law is adopted to understand drug diffusion through various layers. Each of the routes is described by a compartment model along with the donor and receiver compartments at the top and bottom, respectively. Code is validated by comparing present results with the published experimental findings. For both tested drugs, it is found that the intercellular route provides a faster route of drug delivery as compared to the sweat duct route. It is also found that the amount of drug diffusion increases upon the aging of human skin. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Ducts

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Influence of Controller on Cable Driven Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton (C-LREX): PD vs MPC 9

Influence of Controller on Cable Driven Lower Limb Rehabilit...

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9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies, CoDIT 2023

作者： Prasad, Rajan Khalaf, Kinda Awad, Mohammad I. El-Rich, Marwan Ku Mechanical Engineering Department United States Ku Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center Department of Biomedical Engineering United Arab Emirates Department of Biomedical Engineering United Arab Emirates Ku Health Engineering Innovation Center Mechanical Engineering Department United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350311402

Cable driven exoskeletons are preferred over link-driven exoskeletons due to numerous advantages such as remote actuation, lightweight, reconfigurability, and many more. PD (proportional derivative) controllers are widely implemented in exoskeletons due to simplicity and faster response. However, in cable driven exoskeleton, the PD controller doesn't directly distribute the cable tension and thus the possibility of tracking error is higher. In this work, we formulated a non-linear model predictive controller (NMPC) for C-LREX that directly allocates cable tension and is further simplified to reduce the time delay. The simulation result indicated that simplified NMPC is faster than NMPC but slower than PD for C-LREX. NMPCs tracked trajectory with the least error, however, allocated higher cable tension. PD should be preferred when speed is prioritized while NMPC should be preferred for performance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Model predictive control

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A Bayesian Model Based on Link Distribution Features for Multitarget Passive Localization in Visible Light Sensing

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 20037-20050页

作者： Zhang, Shuai Zhang, Liyi Liu, Kaihua Wang, Ya Tianjin University of Commerce School of Information Engineering Tianjin300134 China Tianjin University School of Microelectronics Tianjin300072 China Tianjin Renai College Information Engineering Department Tianjin301636 China Texas A&M University J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering College StationTX77843 United States

Passive localization using visible light (VL) sensing has been considered as a promising solution for indoor human detection. A major challenge is to avoid false target positioning in multitarget positioning scenarios. Besides, a reasonable probable target area model is also critical to the accuracy of positioning and counting targets. In this article, a novel passive localization scheme is proposed to locate multiple targets. This scheme introduces a rectangular probable target area model, which is used to calculate a rectangular area containing the potential location of the target to be located. Compared with existing models, it is more suitable for positioning scenarios under low-density deployment of sensing nodes. Furthermore, we present an improved successive cancellation (SC) algorithm to excluding false target localization. To determine the authenticity of targets by the SC algorithm, a Bayesian model is introduced to optimize the SC algorithm according to the multidimensional shadowed link information of candidate targets. Numerous simulation results show that the proposed multitarget passive localization scheme can improve the problem of false target localization in multitarget localization scenarios. And it also can achieve outstanding performance in localization accuracy. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Sensors Location awareness Transmitters Light emitting diodes Accuracy Bayes methods Vectors Receivers RF signals Time measurement

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