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2023 IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies, SIST 2023

作者： Abdildin, Yerkin Narbayev, Dinmukhammedali Viderman, Dmitriy School of Engineering and Digital Sciences Nazarbayev University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Astana Kazakhstan School of Medicine Nazarbayev University Department of Biomedical Sciences Astana Kazakhstan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335040

Morphine reduces postoperative pain but may cause adverse events. Statistical analysis is often used to evaluate treatments. In this paper, we compare the effect of extended-release epidural morphine 10 mg dose (EREM 10 mg) and morphine sulfate 4-5 mg dose (MS 4-5 mg) on postoperative medical outcomes. We conduct statistical analysis of research articles published in English before November of 2022. The analysis was done by extracting statistical data, calculating mean differences (MD) between EREM 10 mg and MS 4-5 mg groups for continuous data and risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous data, and analyzing these statistics for important medical outcomes. The results of our analysis favor the EREM 10 mg group over the MS 4-5 mg group in postoperative opioid consumption in morphine equivalents (mg);MD with 95% CI is -13.25 [-26.40, -0.09], p-value= 0.05. However, in postoperative adverse events (no.), the overall effect of the model favors the MS 4-5 mg group over the EREM 10 mg group;RR with 95% CI is 1.29 [1.10, 1.51], p-value=0.002. In a subgroup analysis, the model favors the MS 4-5 mg group over the EREM 10 mg group only in pruritus. These results are statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the groups in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, somnolence, and hypoxia. Our analysis shows interesting results: although patients in the EREM 10 mg group consumed 13.25 mg less morphine (on average), they had a higher risk ratio for adverse events compared to patients in the MS 4-5 mg group. This indicates that more randomized controlled trials should be conducted in the future to determine the advantages of each method. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

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Investigation of thermal conductivity and physical properties of oil palm trunks/ramie fiber reinforced biopolymer hybrid composites as building bio-insulation

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 60卷 373-377页

作者： Mawardi, Indra Aprilia, Sri Faisal, Muhammad Rizal, Samsul Doctoral Program School of Engineering Post Graduate Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe Lhokseumawe24301 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia

The current buildings insulating materials in the construction market, which mainly consist of synthetic materials, have a high performance in thermal resistivity. However, they negatively impact the human health and the environment, thereby finding bio-insulating materials is necessary. This research investigates the thermal conductivity and physical performance of oil palm trunks/ramie fibers reinforced biopolymer hybrid composites for thermal insulation of buildings. The hybrid composites were further prepared using oil palm trunk particles, ramie fiber as the reinforcement, and tapioca starch as a biopolymer binder. All the manufactured hybrid composites exhibited thermal conductivity in a range of 0.0723 W/mK to 0.1344 W/mK and density of 732 kg/m3 to 801 kg/m3, respectively. Sample C1, with a density of 732 kg/m3 had the lowest thermal conductivity of (0.0723 W/mK). Moreover, the minimum absorbed water (53.66%) and thickness swelling (21.36%) were found in the C1 sample hybrid composites after 24-hours immersion in water. Thermal conductivity performance was influenced positively by physical properties. Therefore, the results of this research show that waste oil palm trunks and ramie fiber could be used as a thermal insulating material for buildings. © 2022

关键词： Thermal conductivity

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Unveiling bulk and surface radiation forces in a dielectric liquid

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 925-934页

作者： N.G.C.Astrath G.A.S.Flizikowski B.Anghinoni L.C.Malacarne M.L.Baesso T.Požar M.Partanen I.Brevik D.Razansky S.E.Bialkowski Department of Physics Universidade Estadual de MaringáMaringáPRBrazil Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto UniversityAaltoFinland Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Institute for Biomedical Engineering Department of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State UniversityLoganUTUSA

Precise control over light-matter interactions is critical for many optical manipulation and material characterization methodologies,further playing a paramount role in a host of nanotechnology ***,the fundamental aspects of interactions between electromagnetic fields and matter have yet to be established unequivocally in terms of an electromagnetic momentum ***,we use tightly focused pulsed laser beams to detect bulk and boundary optical forces in a dielectric *** the optical convoluted signal,we decouple thermal and nonlinear optical effects from the radiation forces using a theoretical interpretation based on the Microscopic Ampère force *** is shown,for the first time,that the time-dependent pressure distribution within the fluid chiefly originates from the electrostriction *** results shed light on the contribution of optical forces to the surface displacements observed at the dielectric air-water interfaces,thus shedding light on the long-standing controversy surrounding the basic definition of electromagnetic momentum density in matter.

关键词： dielectric momentum surface

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Analyzing Significance of Facial Features for Detection of Parkinson's Disease via Static Images 4

Analyzing Significance of Facial Features for Detection of P...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Communications, Internet of Things and Big Data, ICEIB 2024

作者： Chiu, Chuang-Chien Yeh, Shoou-Jeng Sun, Yen-Chi Feng Chia University Department of Automatic Control Engineering Taichung Taiwan Cheng-Ching General Hospital Section of Neurology and Neurophysiology Taichung Taiwan Feng Chia University Master's Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360721

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder often characterized by motor symptoms such as hypomimia, and a reduction in facial expression. We explored the significance of facial features in identifying PD through static images, focusing on detecting hypomimia. A dataset comprised of PD patients and healthy controls' static facial images were collected and analyzed. Facial feature detection was conducted using OpenCV and Dlib libraries for the precise localization of key landmarks. In the subsequent feature extraction, parameters such as symmetry, eye aspect ratio, mouth corner distance, muscle tension, and mouth aperture ratio were used. Through the standardization of these features, meaningful comparisons across diverse images were made. By analyzing hypomimia-related features alongside traditional facial parameters, the results provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of facial expressions in PD diagnosis. The findings suggested that examining facial features in static images enhances the accuracy of PD detection and understanding of the nuanced motor symptoms associated with the disease. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to the blood-brain barrier

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9126-9134页

作者： Yanina Kuzminich Avraham Shakked Randi Calkins Sebastian Rudden Camille Jones Jessie Doan Bora Jang Elisa Schrader Echeverri Ryan Zenhausern Liming Lian David Loughrey Hannah E.Peck Rachelle Wiese Dorothy Koveal Philip J.Santangelo James E.Dahlman George C.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)have delivered RNA to hepatocytes in patients after intravenous *** clinical data support efforts to design LNPs that transfect cells in the central nervous system(CNS).However,delivery to the CNS has been difficult,in large part because quantifying on-target delivery alongside common off-target cell types in adult mice remains *** we report methods to isolate different cell types from the CNS,and subsequently present mRNA delivery readouts using a liver-detargeted *** data suggest that LNPs without targeting ligands can transfect cerebral endothelial cells in mice after intravenous *** the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier,they also underscore the value of quantifying delivery in the CNS with cell-type resolution instead of whole-tissue resolution.

关键词： lipid nanoparticle mRNA nanomedicine central nervous system blood-brain barrier

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A Strain Gauge Based FMG Sensor for sEMG-FMG Dual Modal Measurement of Muscle Activity Associated with Hand Gestures 16th

A Strain Gauge Based FMG Sensor for sEMG-FMG Dual Modal Mea...

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16th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications, ICIRA 2023

作者： Tang, Yifan Wang, Jiayi Chen, Peiji Li, Wenyang Xu, Haokang Togo, Shunta Yokoi, Hiroshi Jiang, Yinlai Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819964857

To improve the daily living independence of people with limb impairments, researchers are developing various prosthetic limbs. This study aims to design a dual-modality sensor integrating surface electromyography (sEMG) and force myography (FMG) to measure muscle activities for forearm and hand motion recognition. sEMG records electrical signals from muscle contractions, while FMG measures muscle mechanical deformation during contraction. Combining these two models compensates for individual limitations and increases overall performance. An integrated design of the FMG and sEMG measurement units enables simultaneous measurement while keeping the sensor compact. Using strain gauges to sense FMG instead of traditional force-sensitive resistors can enhance signal stability and sensitivity. The dual-modality sensor combines sEMG and FMG advantages to offer accurate and reliable hand gesture recognition. Experimental results show a 91.8% classification accuracy for recognizing 22 forearm and hand motions using the dual-modal sensor. This technology offers an effective means of controlling prosthetic limbs, improving life quality for individuals with limb impairments, and has potential applications in biomedical engineering, rehabilitation, and robotics. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

关键词： Motion estimation

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The dynamics of Industry 4.0 in the context of engineering & technology education in a VUCA world: A causal loop diagram perspective 16

The dynamics of Industry 4.0 in the context of engineering &...

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16th International Conference on Society and Information Technologies, ICSIT 2025

作者： Mokgohloa, Kgabo Mosia, Ngaka Ilunga, Masengo Mathenjwa, Samukelisiwe School of Business Leadership University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa Department of Mechanical Bioresources and Biomedical Engineering Pretoria South Africa Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Building Science University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492831

The advent of the fourth industrial revolution triggered a response by the manufacturing industry in the form of Industry 4.0, which was spearheaded by the foresight of the German Government. Germany is known for its engineering excellence. The fourth industrial revolution has touched all corners of society, and Higher Education (HE) is not immune to these sweeping winds of digital transformation. This research explored the dynamics of Industry 4.0 influence on Education 4.0, a causal loop diagram (CLD) was conceptualized to capture the dynamics that are at play in the higher education sector. © 2025 International Conference on Society and Information Technologies. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： engineering education

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Numerical and experimental evaluation of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound wave propagation using human skulls for brain neuromodulation

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Medical Physics 2023年第1期50卷 38-49页

作者： Chen, Mengyue Peng, Chang Wu, Huaiyu Huang, Chih-Chung Kim, Taewon Traylor, Zachary Muller, Marie Chhatbar, Pratik Y. Nam, Chang S. Feng, Wuwei Jiang, Xiaoning Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States Department of Neurology Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNC United States Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States School of Biomedical Engineering ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China Department of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Background: Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has gained considerable attention as a promising noninvasive neuromodulatory technique for human brains. However, the complex morphology of the skull hinders scholars from precisely predicting the acoustic energy transmitted and the region of the brain impacted during the sonication. This is due to the fact that different ultrasound frequencies and skull morphology variations greatly affect wave propagation through the skull. Purpose: Although the acoustic properties of human skull have been studied for tFUS applications, such as tumor ablation using a multielement phased array, there is no consensus about how to choose a single-element focused ultrasound (FUS) transducer with a suitable frequency for neuromodulation. There are interests in exploring the magnitude and dimension of tFUS beam through human parietal bone for modulating specific brain lobes. Herein, we aim to investigate the wave propagation of tFUS on human skulls to understand and address the concerns above. Methods: Both experimental measurements and numerical modeling were conducted to investigate the transmission efficiency and beam pattern of tFUS on five human skulls (C3 and C4 regions) using single-element FUS transducers with six different frequencies (150–1500 kHz). The degassed skull was placed in a water tank, and a calibrated hydrophone was utilized to measure acoustic pressure past it. The cranial computed tomography scan data of each skull were obtained to derive a high-resolution acoustic model (grid point spacing: 0.25 mm) in simulations. Meanwhile, we modified the power-law exponent of acoustic attenuation coefficient to validate numerical modeling and enabled it to be served as a prediction tool, based on the experimental measurements. Results: The transmission efficiency and −6 dB beamwidth were evaluated and compared for various frequencies. An exponential decrease in transmission efficiency and a logarithmic decrease

关键词： Ultrasonic applications

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A study on the feasibility of friction stir welding in joining dissimilar metals for SS400 and Ti-6Al-4V 9

A study on the feasibility of friction stir welding in joini...

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9th International Conference on Precision Machinery and Manufacturing Technology, ICPMMT 2024

作者： Hsieh, M.J. Chu, L.M. Chang, Y.P. Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Taitung Junior College Taitung950303 Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Green and Information Technology National Taitung University Taitung95092 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kun Shan University Tainan71000 Taiwan

This study designed friction stir multi-pass welding machine to conduct friction stir welding on carbon steel/titanium alloy clad sheets. The experimental process utilized the pin and pinless tools. The results demonstrate that the two dissimilar materials can be welded using the assembly-embedded rod pinless tool under the following welding conditions: a rotational speed of 1200 rpm, a downward force of 4 kN, a welding speed of 15 mm/min, and tool offset distances of 5 and 10 mm. Furthermore, this study investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld. In addition, the peak temperature measured at the joint interface exceeded the β phase transition temperature of the titanium alloy and surpassed 1000oC. The shear tensile test shows the weld's failure load was about 4300 N. The intermetallic compound at the welding interface has a microhardness value of approximately 400 Hv. According to the results of SEM observations and EDS composition element analysis, the elements of low carbon steel and titanium alloy at the interface of the clad sheet diffused and formed Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titanium alloys

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An interpretable deep learning approach for designing nanoporous silicon nitride membranes with tunable mechanical properties

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1524-1533页

作者： Ali KShargh Niaz Abdolrahim Department of Mechanical Engineering University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Materials Science program University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA

The high permeability and strong selectivity of nanoporous silicon nitride(NPN)membranes make them attractive in a broad range of *** their growing use,the strength of NPN membranes needs to be improved for further extending their biomedical *** this work,we implement a deep learning framework to design NPN membranes with improved or prescribed strength *** examine the predictions of our framework using physics-based *** results confirm that the proposed framework is not only able to predict the strength of NPN membranes with a wide range of microstructures,but also can design NPN membranes with prescribed or improved *** simulations further demonstrate that the microstructural heterogeneity that our framework suggests for the optimized design,lowers the stress concentration around the pores and leads to the strength improvement of NPN membranes as compared to conventional membranes with homogenous microstructures.

关键词： tunable prescribed strength

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