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Key fuel characteristics and techno-economic aspects of torrefied rubberwood biomass pellets produced by incorporating various cassava-based binders at varied doses

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第25期31卷 37663-37680页

作者： Kongto, Pumin Palamanit, Arkom Chaiprapat, Sumate Tippayawong, Nakorn Khempila, Jarunee Ruangim, Panatda Energy Technology Program Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University 15 Kanjanavanich Rd. Songkhla Hat Yai90110 Thailand Research Center Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University 15 Kanjanavanich Rd. Songkhla Hat Yai90110 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University 15 Kanjanavanich Rd. Songkhla Hat Yai90110 Thailand Department of Mechanical Engineering Chiang Mai University 239 Huay Kaew Rd. Chiang Mai Muang District 50200 Thailand Physics Program Faculty of Science and Technology Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University 80 Nakhon Sawan Rd. Maha Sarakham Mueang District 44000 Thailand

Improving energy content and hydrophobic nature of woody biomass can be pursued through torrefaction. This gives torrefied biomass with a low bulk density, potentially increasing storage and transport costs. To overcome this issue, densifying the torrefied biomass is necessary. However, poor binding of particles makes densification challenging without using a binder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and techno-economic aspects of torrefied rubberwood biomass (TRWB) when pelletized using various cassava-based binders at different blending ratios. The selected binders included cassava starch (CS), cassava pulp (CP), and cassava chip (CC). Each binder at 5%, 10%, or 15% (wt.) was mixed with TRWB and water before pelletizing using a flat die machine. The results revealed that pelletizing TRWB with different cassava-based binders at various blending ratios influenced the physicochemical characteristics of the TRWB pellets, particularly dimensions, bulk density, fuel and atomic ratios, and energy content. The TRWB pellets demonstrated energy densities in the range of 7.95–11.39 GJ/m3, and their mechanical durability and fine content fell within acceptable ranges. The TRWB pellets maintained their shape during 120 min of water soaking, with water absorption levels varying by binder dose. The pelletizing ability, material, and energy costs of TRWB pellets depend on binder type and dose. CP can be applied as a binder for pelletizing torrefied rubberwood biomass. However, the mechanical durability of the product needs to be above the user requirement or standard. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Pelletizing

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An expandable chamber for safe brain retraction: new technologies in the field of transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第4期24卷 326-335页

作者： Elena ROCA Anna GOBETTI Giovanna CORNACCHIA Oscar VIVALDI Barbara BUFFOLI Giorgio RAMORINO Head and Neck Department NeurosurgeryIstituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza25124 BresciaItaly Technology for Health PhD Program University of Brescia25124 BresciaItaly Materials Science and Technology at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Metallurgy at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Anatomy and Physiopathology Division Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly

Neurosurgery is a highly specialized field:it often involves surgical manipulation of noble structures and cerebral retraction is frequently necessary to reach deep-seated brain *** are still no reliable methods preventing possible retraction *** objective of this study was to design work chambers well suited for transcranial endoscopic surgery while providing safe retraction of the surrounding brain *** chamber is designed to be inserted close to the intracranial point of interest;once it is best placed it can be *** should guarantee an appreciable workspace similar to that of current neurosurgical *** experimental aspect of this study involved the use of a force sensor to evaluate the pressures exerted on the brain tissue during the retraction *** pterional craniotomy,pressure measurements were made during retraction with the use of a conventional metal spatula with different *** that,although the force values necessary for retraction and exerted on the spatula by the neurosurgeon are the same,the local pressure exerted on the parenchyma at the edge of the spatula at different inclinations varied greatly.A new method of cerebral retraction using a chamber retractor(CR)has been designed to avoid any type of complication due to spatula edge overpressures and to maintain acceptable pressure values exerted on the parenchyma.

关键词： Brain retraction Spatula Brain retractor design Brain retraction injury Retraction complication Transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Dynamic volumetric blood flow imaging in the mouse embryo heart

Dynamic volumetric blood flow imaging in the mouse embryo he...

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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Light in Cardiology 2024

作者： Lopez, Andrew L. Singh, Manmohan Aglyamov, Salavat Larin, Kirill V. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX77030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510668973

During mouse embryonic development cardiac tissue derives from the mesoderm to form the cardiac crescent. Within 24 hours the heart morphs from a flat crescent into a linear elongated tube that will fold on itself to carry out cardiac looping and position itself to form future cardiac chambers. Through out this entire process the heart is continuously contracting-adding more cardiomyocytes and organizing their layout to generate a contractile force that efficiently pushes blood plasma through the embryonic circulation. During this stage, the embryonic heart is composed of cardiac progenitor cells that are in the process of differentiating into mature cardiac cells. It is suspected that cardiac contraction may provide mechanical information that guides cell behavior and influences cell fate decisions. In this work, we have utilized volumetric, high-speed OCT imaging in conjunction with live mouse embryo culture to characterize how cardiac contraction patterns in the mid-gestation embryo, as the heart progresses from the cardiac crescent to the linear heart tube stage. To accomplish this, we set timed matings to obtain mouse embryos of the desired stage. Mouse embryos are live dissected and are allowed to recover in media supplemented with serum at 37°C and gassed with 5% CO2. To image these embryos, we have utilized a commercial fourier domain mode lock (FDML) OCT system to image the live embryonic mouse heart at 19 volumes/second with a 512x128 voxel element 3D OCT data set. In our approach, we customized the sample arm of the FDML system so that it may be placed within an incubator to maintain physiological conditions through the entire imagining session. At a 19Hz volume rate, single acquisitions only last several seconds and make this approach ideal for high throughput imaging. With a central wavelength of 1318nm and an axial resolution of 8.33um in air, we are able to reconstruct high resolution structural images of the mouse embryo with great temporal resolutio

关键词： Heart

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The Effect of Blade Arc Angle on the Performance of Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine: Case Study on Type-L Blade Runner 7th

The Effect of Blade Arc Angle on the Performance of Gravitat...

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7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Material, ICE-SEAM 2021

作者： Handoko, Rieky Hadi, Syamsul P. T, D. Danardono Dwi Prasetyo, Ari Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811931789

The flow of rivers and lakes that flow throughout the year has the potential for developing water energy in the world. Dams to make heads are needed as a hydroelectric power plant that can cause environmental and ecological changes, disrupt river flow and even local population migration. The application of microhydro power plants is one of the efforts to overcome this problem. Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine (GWVT) is a relatively new technology in the field of microhydro power generation and is still in the process of being developed to obtain maximum turbine power values. The blade shape research has been carried out using the experimental method in this study. The research was conducted using a water tunnel with a cone type basin to create a water vortex with three variations of water discharge. Design and testing of prototype L-type runners with variations of three blade angles;75°, 90°, 105°, the inclination of the blade to the vertical axis of 60°, and the number of blades 5 have been completed in this study. The results showed that the L runner with an blade arc angle of 90° produced the highest turbine power followed by a blade angle of 75° and 105°. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Vortex flow

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The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket: Foundations, Challenges, and Progress

The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket: Foundations, Challen...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Thomas, Dale Houts, Michael Wang, Dean Hollingsworth, Keith Frederick, Robert Cassibry, Jason Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Space Nuclear Propulsion Program Office NASA Marshall Space Flight Center HuntsvilleAL35812 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and Interim Dean of the Honors College The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Propulsion Research Center The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket (CNTR) is a Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) concept designed to heat propellant directly by the reactor fuel. The primary difference between the CNTR concept and traditional NTP systems is that rather than using traditional solid fuel elements, the CNTR uses liquid fuel with the liquid contained in rotating cylinders by centrifugal force. If the concept can be successfully realized, the CNTR would have a high specific impulse (up to 1800 s) at high thrust, which may enable (i) viable near-term human Mars exploration by reducing round-trip times to 420 days and (ii) direct injection orbits for scientific rendezvous missions to the Solar System outer planets and Kuiper Belt objects. Research is presently underway to determine resolutions for the significant engineering challenges that the CNTR concept presents. These challenges, the study plans to address them, and progress have been described previously;this paper provides an update on progress to date for the overall research effort, including strategies and key results on revision of a reference configuration, definition of key parameters which allows integration of the results of various analyses, and reviews strategies to mitigate the problem of Uranium vapor saturating the propellant exhaust and significantly impacting the CNTR’s specific impulse. Analyses and experiments, both underway and planned, to update estimates of engine key performance parameters including specific impulse, thrust and thrust to weight ratio along with the identification of selected design margins within the engine itself are described – all toward the goal of enabling plans for a laboratory demonstration of a single Centrifugal Fuel Element. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rockets

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Porous polyurethane hydrogels incorporated with CMC for eliminating methylene blue from water

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2023年第1期14卷 57-76页

作者： Li Wang Qing Yang Yong Yang Kun Luo Ruqing Bai Peicong Zhang Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Big Health and Intelligent EngineeringChengdu Medical CollegeChengduChina College of Materials Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of TechnologySichuanP.R.China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission Chongqing University400044ChongqingChina College of Materials Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of Technology610059SichuanP.R.China

Here,a series of polyurethane porous hydrogels(PUF-s)loaded with different sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)were successfully prepared by one-step foaming *** physio-chemical prop-erties and morphologies were *** effects of CMC content,adsorbent dosage,temperature,pH value and other fac-tors on the adsorption of methylene blue(MB)dye in water by CMC-PUF-s were also investigated through static adsorption *** results showed that CMC-PUF-10 had excellent adsorp-tion performance for MB solution with removal rate of 81.47%,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.5 mg/*** addition,the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of MB by CMC-PUF was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo second-order kinetic *** adsorption thermodynamics study suggested that the adsorption process of MB by CMC-PUF-10 was sponta-neous and exothermic at room *** results of cyclic adsorption experiment demonstrated that the removal rate of MB reached above 70%after five cycles,indicating the foams with excellent ***,a low-cost,environmentally friendly and recyclable MB adsorbent was synthesized in this *** polyurethane foam was synthesized by one-step foaming method,this adsorbent can be prepared on site in practical application and reduce the transportation cost.

关键词： Carboxymethyl cellulose polyurethane foam hydrogel methylene blue adsorption

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Dynamic response of the cell traction force to osmotic shock

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第5期9卷 321-331页

作者： Yongman Liu Wenjie Wu Shuo Feng Ye Chen Xiaoping Wu Qingchuan Zhang Shangquan Wu School of Biomedical Engineering Anhui Medical University230032 HefeiChina CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material Department of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China230026 HefeiChina

Osmotic pressure is vital to many physiological activities,such as cell proliferation,wound healing and disease ***,how cells interact with the extracellular matrix(ECM)when subjected to osmotic shock remains ***,we visualize the mechanical interactions between cells and the ECM during osmotic shock by quantifying the dynamic evolution of the cell traction *** show that both hypertonic and hypotonic shocks induce continuous and large changes in cell traction ***,the traction force varies with cell volume:the traction force increases as cells shrink and decreases as cells ***,the direction of the traction force is independent of cell volume changes and is always toward the center of the cell-substrate ***,we reveal a mechanical mechanism in which the change in cortical tension caused by osmotic shock leads to the variation in traction force,which suggests a simple method for measuring changes in cell cortical *** findings provide new insights into the mechanical force response of cells to the external environment and may provide a deeper understanding of how the ECM regulates cell structure and function.

关键词： traction healing wound

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A biogenesis construction of CuO@MWCNT via Chenopodium album extract: an effective electrocatalyst for synaptic plasticity neurodegenerative drug pollutant detection

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2023年第33期30卷 79744-79757页

作者： Pandiyarajan, Sabarison Velayutham, Gurunathan Liao, Ai-Ho Manickaraj, Shobana Sebastin Mary Ramachandran, Balaji Lee, Kuo-Yu Chuang, Ho-Chiao Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan PG & Research Department of Chemistry Bishop Heber College Tamil Nadu Tiruchirappalli India Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan SV Probe Technology Taiwan Co. Ltd Taipei10453 Taiwan

Clioquinol (CLQ) is one of the most toxic halogenated neurodegenerative drugs, and its synaptic plasticity effect directly affects human health and the environment. Cupric oxide (CuO) is an ideal electrocatalyst owing to its earth-abundance, non-toxic nature, and cost-effectiveness. Since phenolate oxygen and pyridine nitrogen in CLQ act as an electron donor and pave the way for detection with Cu2+ ions in the CuO. Designing the architecture of CuO with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) is a sensible strategy to improve the electrochemical activity of the developed sensor. Inspired by the bio-synthesis and green processing, we have demonstrated the in-situ synthesis of CuO nanosphere-decorated MWCNT by Chenopodium album leaf extract through a sonochemical approach and explored its electrochemical sensing performance toward CLQ. The physical comprehensive characterization of prepared nanocomposite was investigated by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. For comparison studies, the CuO nanosphere was prepared by the same preparation process without MWCNT. Based on the physical characterization outcomes, the morphological nature of CuO was observed to be a sphere-like structure, which was decorated on the MWCNT with an average crystallite size of 16 nm (± 1 nm). Based on the electrochemical studies, the fabricated nanocomposite exhibits a wider linear range of 0.025–1375 μM, with a minimum detection limit of 4.59 nM L–1 toward CLQ. The viability examination on the biological matrix obtained considerable spike recoveries. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Nanospheres

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Nanoparticles-based phototherapy systems for cancer treatment: Current status and clinical potential

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第5期23卷 471-507页

作者： Jiachen Li Shiqi Wang Flavia Fontana Christos Tapeinos Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi Huijie Han Helder A.Santos Department of Biomedical Engineering W.J.Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenAnt.Deusinglaan 1Groningen9713 AVthe Netherlands W.J.Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenthe Netherlands Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI-00014Finland

Remarkable progress in phototherapy has been made in recent decades,due to its non-invasiveness and instant therapeutic *** addition,with the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology,phototherapy systems based on nanoparticles or nanocomposites also evolved as an emerging hotspot in nanomedicine research,especially in *** this review,first we briefly introduce the history of phototherapy,and the mechanisms of phototherapy in cancer ***,we summarize the representative development over the past three to five years in nanoparticle-based phototherapy and highlight the design of the innovative nanoparticles ***,we discuss the feasibility and the potential of the nanoparticle-based phototherapy systems in clinical anticancer therapeutic applications,aiming to predict future research directions in this *** review is a tutorial work,aiming at providing useful insights to researchers in the field of nanotechnology,nanoscience and cancer.

关键词： Phototherapy Cancer Nanoparticles Therapeutic effect Clinical potential

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mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of a biomedical Mg–6Zn–0.5Zr Alloy Containing a Large Number of Twins

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第3期36卷 439-455页

作者： Chang‑Jian Yan Bo Guan Yun‑Chang Xin Ling‑Yu Zhao Guang‑Jie Huang Rui Hong Xiao‑Bo Chen Paul K.Chu Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology Guangdong 510070China International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Key Laboratory for Light‑Weight Materials Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China School of Mechanical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China School of Engineering RMIT UniversityCarlton 3053VICAustralia Department of Physics Department of Materials Science&EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The strong texture of Mg alloys can lead to strong tension–compression yield asymmetry and corrosion anisotropy,and this will consequently affect the effectiveness of hard tissue implants.A biomedical Mg–6Zn–0.5Zr alloy containing a large number of{1012}primary twins and{1012}–{1012}secondary twins is successfully prepared by cross *** dual twin structure not only removes the tension–compression yield asymmetry completely,but effectively reduces the corrosion anisotropy without compromise of corrosion *** difference between the largest corrosion rate and smallest one is~1.2 times compared to~1.6 times of the original *** is found that the reduced corrosion anisotropy is related to re-distribution of crystallographic orientations by twins.

关键词： biomedical Mg alloy Corrosion mechanical anisotropy Texture Twins

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