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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Rocha, Ana C. S. Medeiros, Eduardo Bauzer Magalhães, Tarcisio Faustino Tofaneli, Luzia Aparecida Oliveira, Turan Dias Sieves, Guilherme Benaci Guimarães, Tamara Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais MG Belo Horizonte31270-901 Brazil Department of Energy Senai CIMATEC University Center BA Salvador41650-010 Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The recent renewed interest in amphibious seaplane operation has stimulated the research related to this class of airplane. In fact, modern techniques previously developed for conventional land planes are now being modified to suit the development of these aircraft. Even though computer simulation presently offers highly efficient design tools there is still the need for experimental testing. Modern development of micro electric motors and actuators, together with the development of compact power electronics have laid the conditions for the development of Subscale Flight Testing (SFT), a very efficient tool for the improvement of the aircraft modeling process. The present research addresses the problem of conceptual design of reduced scale f loatplanes. Takeoff performance, one of the most complex flight phases of an amphibious airplane, is considered a modeling process considerably more difficult than the corresponding conventional land estimation. A typical floatplane, now being designed by the authors, is used to illustrate this development. The dynamic scaling process is described, and the expected performance of a reduced scale is shown. The authors expect to use in the near future the acquired insight to carry their own SFT flight test, and also improve modeling also providing improvements applicable to computer simulation. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Amphibious aircraft

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Matrix confinement modulates 3D spheroid sorting and burst-like collective migration

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Acta Biomaterialia 2024年 179卷 192-206页

作者： Cai, Grace Li, Xinzhi Lin, Shan-Shan Chen, Samuel J. Rodgers, Nicole C. Koning, Katherine M. Bi, Dapeng Liu, Allen P. Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Institute of Molecular Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Department of Biophysics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

While it is known that cells with differential adhesion tend to segregate and preferentially sort, the physical forces governing sorting and invasion in heterogeneous tumors remain poorly understood. To investigate this, we tune matrix confinement, mimicking changes in the stiffness and confinement of the tumor microenvironment, to explore how physical confinement influences individual and collective cell migration in 3D spheroids. High levels of confinement lead to cell sorting while reducing matrix confinement triggers the collective fluidization of cell motion. Cell sorting, which depends on cell-cell adhesion, is crucial to this phenomenon. Burst-like migration does not occur for spheroids that have not undergone sorting, regardless of the degree of matrix confinement. Using computational Self-Propelled Voronoi modeling, we show that spheroid sorting and invasion into the matrix depend on the balance between cell-generated forces and matrix resistance. The findings support a model where matrix confinement modulates 3D spheroid sorting and unjamming in an adhesion-dependent manner, providing insights into the mechanisms of cell sorting and migration in the primary tumor and toward distant metastatic sites. Statement of significance: The mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment significantly influence cancer cell migration within the primary tumor, yet how these properties affect intercellular interactions in heterogeneous tumors is not well understood. By utilizing calcium and calcium chelators, we dynamically alter collagen-alginate hydrogel stiffness and investigate tumor cell behavior within co-culture spheroids in response to varying degrees of matrix confinement. High confinement is found to trigger cell sorting while reducing confinement for sorted spheroids facilitates collective cell invasion. Notably, without prior sorting, spheroids do not exhibit burst-like migration, regardless of confinement levels. This work establishes that matrix confin

关键词： Tumors

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Digitally-defined ultrathin transparent wireless sensor network for room-scale imperceptible ambient intelligence

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 869-878页

作者： Yunxia Jin Mengxia Yu Dat T.Nguyen Xin Yang Zhipeng Li Ze Xiong Chenhui Li Yuxin Liu Yong Lin Kong John S.Ho Institute for Health Innovation and Technology National University of SingaporeSingapore 117599Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119276Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme National University of Singapore Graduate SchoolSingapore 119077Singapore The N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Technology and ResearchSingapore 138634Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

Wireless and battery-free radio-frequency(RF)sensors can be used to create physical spaces that ambiently sense and respond to human *** such sensors ultra-flexible and transparent is important to preserve the aesthetics of living environments,accommodate daily activities,and functionally integrate with ***,existing RF sensors are unable to simultaneously achieve high transparency,flexibility,and the electrical conductivity required for remote room-scale ***,we report 4.5μm RF tag sensors achieving transparency exceeding 90%that provide capabilities in room-scale ambient wireless *** develop a laser-assisted water-based adhesion-reversion process to digitally realize computer-aided RF design at *** individually tagging multiple objects and regions of the human body,we demonstrate multiplexed wireless tracking of humanenvironment interactions and physiological signals at a range of up to *** radio-frequency identification sensors open opportunities for non-intrusive wireless sensing of daily living spaces for applications in health monitoring and elderly care.

关键词： network ambient transparent

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Evaluation of a Body-Conforming Electrode for Functional Ultrasound Compatible Electrical Stimulation

Evaluation of a Body-Conforming Electrode for Functional Ult...

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2023 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2023

作者： Moon, Sunho Xue, Xiangming Shukla, Darpan Ganesh, Vidisha Zhu, Yong Sharma, Nitin Jiang, Xiaoning North Carolina State University The Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering RaleighNC United States North Carolina State University The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering RaleighNC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346459

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a neurorehabilitation modality that helps improve the size and strength of atrophied muscles after paralysis and reduce spasticity. However, FES causes muscle fatigue, and monitoring the patient's response to avert muscle fatigue caused by FES becomes imperative. Ultrasound (US) imaging can elucidate valuable information about muscle thickness, stiffness, force, and fatigue in the muscles. However, if the FES electrodes do not match the acoustic properties of the surrounding tissues, it could result in the interference with other electronic devices, potentially affecting both US imaging and the performance of the FES system. This study evaluates a specially designed body-conforming FES customized electrode that is intended to be compatible with US. The electrode is made with silver-nanowires/ Polydimethylsiloxane (AgNW/PDMS). The performance of the body-conforming customized FES electrode was demonstrated in parallel to that of the commercial hydrogel electrode. Moreover, compatibility with US was established through tests employing a 3.5 MHz single-element US transducer. The customized FES electrode exhibited a comparably minor variance ( © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electrodes

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High sound pressure piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers using sputtered potassium sodium niobate

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第6期10卷 311-323页

作者： Fan Xia Yande Peng Wei Yue Mingze Luo Megan Teng Chun-Ming Chen Sedat Pala Xiaoyang Yu Yuanzheng Ma Megha Acharya Ryuichi Arakawa Lane W.Martin Liwei Lin Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA School of Electronic Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710049China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Scientific Research Laboratory Div. Niterra Co.LtdNagoya 461-0005Japan Departments of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Chemistryand Physics and Astronomy and the Rice Advanced Materials InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

This work presents air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers(pMUTs)with high sound pressure level(SPL)under low-driving voltages by utilizing sputtered potassium sodium niobate K0.34Na0.66NbO3(KNN)films.A prototype single KNN pMUT has been tested to show a resonant frequency at 106.3 kHz under 4 Vp-p with outstanding characteristics:(1)a large vibration amplitude of 3.74μm/V,and(2)a high acoustic root mean square(RMS)sound pressure level of 105.5 dB/V at 10 cm,which is 5–10 times higher than those of AlN-based pMUTs at a similar *** are various potential sensing and actuating applications,such as fingerprint sensing,touch point,and gesture *** this work,we present demonstrations in three fields:haptics,loudspeakers,and *** haptics,an array of 15×15 KNN pMUTs is used as a non-contact actuator to provide a focal pressure of around 160.3 dB RMS SPL at a distance of 15 *** represents the highest output pressure achieved by an airborne pMUT for haptic sensation on human *** used as a loudspeaker,a single pMUT element with a resonant frequency close to the audible range at 22.8 kHz is *** is shown to be able to generate a uniform acoustic output with an amplitude modulation *** the rangefinder application,pulse-echo measurements using a single pMUT element demonstrate good transceiving results,capable of detecting objects up to 2.82 m *** such,this new class of high-SPL and low-driving-voltage pMUTs could be further extended to other applications requiring high acoustic pressure and a small form factor.

关键词： potassium piezoelectric sound

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Investigating Factors Affecting Electric Vehicle Users’ Procrastination Charging Behavior 67th

Investigating Factors Affecting Electric Vehicle Users’ Pro...

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67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, HFES 2023

作者： Khaleghikarahrodi, Mehrsa Santos, Jeremy Herrera Lynch-Smith, Fatima Macht, Gretchen A. Department of Mechanical Industrial & Systems Engineering University of Rhode Island KingstonRI United States Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering University of Rhode Island KingstonRI United States

The existence of electric vehicle users who procrastinate their charging activities – delay in charging until a critically low state of charge (i.e., almost empty battery) – is acknowledged in the previous survey studies and data-driven analyses. However, the underlying reasons affecting such behavior have not been explored. This study attempts to justify whether procrastination in charging is due to larger battery capacities and users’ close proximity to charging stations. The results indicate that battery sizes can have a significant effect on EV users’ procrastination charging behavior. This study found that users with battery capacities greater than 21kWh tend to procrastinate charging since they can travel longer distances. The findings will be able to serve a broad range of EV industry stakeholders due to the emerging market and continuous improvement for achieving mass EV adoption. © 2023 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

关键词： Battery Size Electric Vehicle Procrastination User Behavior

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An expandable chamber for safe brain retraction: new technologies in the field of transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第4期24卷 326-335页

作者： Elena ROCA Anna GOBETTI Giovanna CORNACCHIA Oscar VIVALDI Barbara BUFFOLI Giorgio RAMORINO Head and Neck Department NeurosurgeryIstituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza25124 BresciaItaly Technology for Health PhD Program University of Brescia25124 BresciaItaly Materials Science and Technology at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Metallurgy at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Anatomy and Physiopathology Division Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly

Neurosurgery is a highly specialized field:it often involves surgical manipulation of noble structures and cerebral retraction is frequently necessary to reach deep-seated brain *** are still no reliable methods preventing possible retraction *** objective of this study was to design work chambers well suited for transcranial endoscopic surgery while providing safe retraction of the surrounding brain *** chamber is designed to be inserted close to the intracranial point of interest;once it is best placed it can be *** should guarantee an appreciable workspace similar to that of current neurosurgical *** experimental aspect of this study involved the use of a force sensor to evaluate the pressures exerted on the brain tissue during the retraction *** pterional craniotomy,pressure measurements were made during retraction with the use of a conventional metal spatula with different *** that,although the force values necessary for retraction and exerted on the spatula by the neurosurgeon are the same,the local pressure exerted on the parenchyma at the edge of the spatula at different inclinations varied greatly.A new method of cerebral retraction using a chamber retractor(CR)has been designed to avoid any type of complication due to spatula edge overpressures and to maintain acceptable pressure values exerted on the parenchyma.

关键词： Brain retraction Spatula Brain retractor design Brain retraction injury Retraction complication Transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Advancing Quadriceps Muscle Monitoring: Wearable A-mode Ultrasound and Machine Learning Classification for Accurate Estimation of Muscle States

Advancing Quadriceps Muscle Monitoring: Wearable A-mode Ultr...

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2023 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2023

作者： Xue, Xiangming Moon, Sunho Ganesh, Vidisha Zhang, Bohua Sharma, Nitin Jiang, Xiaoning North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering RaleighNC United States North Carolina State University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering RaleighNC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346459

Accurately estimating muscle states, including fatigue and contraction, holds significant potential in the fields of rehabilitation and muscle-related disorder identification. However, conventional invasive methods such as intramuscular electromyography (EMG) entail risks and discomfort. This study pioneers the integration of A-mode ultrasound (US) signals from a wearable sparse array with machine learning (ML) classification, advancing quadriceps muscle state estimation. A novel wearable transducer, comprising a 16-element array with a central frequency of 10 MHz, enables the capture of A-mode US signals on curved skin surfaces. Three able-bodied participants engaged in two experimental sets: voluntary knee extension for contraction prediction, and a fatiguing protocol utilizing functional electrical stimulation (FES). Employing US feature extraction, followed by supervised ML classification, resulted in an exceptional average accuracy of 93.66 % in contraction classification and achieved 90.1 % in fatigue classification. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Muscle

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Multiphase flow simulation in hybrid porous structure 9

Multiphase flow simulation in hybrid porous structure

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9th European Thermal Sciences Conference, EUROTHERM 2024

作者： Nimvari, M.E. Gibbons, M.J. Department of Mechanical Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin DublinD02 PN40 Ireland Faculty of Engineering Amol University of Special Modern Technologies Amol Iran

Recent research has primarily focused on creating biporous and hybrid porous structures with multiple pore sizes and length scales to optimize capillary pressure and permeability. Despite numerous experimental investigations on biporous and hybrid media, there is a noticeable absence of numerical simulations that explore the multiphase flow within these media. Therefore, the present study aims to conduct a pore-scale numerical simulation of two-phase flow in a biporous structure. The biporous structure is proposed by arranging clusters of solid particles in a staggered regular pattern, with each cluster consisting of closely packed particles. The dimensions and characteristics of the simulated structure are based on previous experimental literature on biporous and hybrid media. A monoporous structure simulation is also included for comparison with biporous results. ANSYS Fluent is utilized to carry out the numerical simulations of capillary pumping flow. The simulation results indicate that the permeability and average capillary pressure of the biporous media are four times and over one and a half times higher, respectively, compared to those of the monoporous media. The presence of smaller pathways within each cluster of a biporous and hybrid porous media enhances the capillary effect in comparison to conventional monoporous structures. Additionally, the larger pores between the clusters contribute to a higher permeability of the hybrid porous structure. As a result, the combined effect of increased capillary action and higher permeability leads to improved performance of the hybrid porous structure. Overall, the proposed simplified biporous geometry accurately models fluid flow in real, complex biporous and hybrid structures. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Capillarity

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Porous polyurethane hydrogels incorporated with CMC for eliminating methylene blue from water

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2023年第1期14卷 57-76页

作者： Li Wang Qing Yang Yong Yang Kun Luo Ruqing Bai Peicong Zhang Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Big Health and Intelligent EngineeringChengdu Medical CollegeChengduChina College of Materials Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of TechnologySichuanP.R.China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission Chongqing University400044ChongqingChina College of Materials Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of Technology610059SichuanP.R.China

Here,a series of polyurethane porous hydrogels(PUF-s)loaded with different sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)were successfully prepared by one-step foaming *** physio-chemical prop-erties and morphologies were *** effects of CMC content,adsorbent dosage,temperature,pH value and other fac-tors on the adsorption of methylene blue(MB)dye in water by CMC-PUF-s were also investigated through static adsorption *** results showed that CMC-PUF-10 had excellent adsorp-tion performance for MB solution with removal rate of 81.47%,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.5 mg/*** addition,the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of MB by CMC-PUF was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo second-order kinetic *** adsorption thermodynamics study suggested that the adsorption process of MB by CMC-PUF-10 was sponta-neous and exothermic at room *** results of cyclic adsorption experiment demonstrated that the removal rate of MB reached above 70%after five cycles,indicating the foams with excellent ***,a low-cost,environmentally friendly and recyclable MB adsorbent was synthesized in this *** polyurethane foam was synthesized by one-step foaming method,this adsorbent can be prepared on site in practical application and reduce the transportation cost.

关键词： Carboxymethyl cellulose polyurethane foam hydrogel methylene blue adsorption

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