In the realm of congenital cardiovascular diseases, the understanding, modeling, and visualization of such diseases as they develop during the neonatal growth period continues to be a challenge despite the current tec...
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Human body stiffness plays an important role in whole body vibration analysis and also athletic performance and motor control. In recent years researchers focused on calculating lower-extremity stiffness for better mo...
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Operational efficiency is one of the most important factors affecting customer satisfaction directly in e-commerce. Still, constant addressing of timely delivery, path simplification, and reduction of delays remains c...
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Background: Snapping scapula syndrome (SSS) can result in crepitus and painful scapulae during motion and may be treated with bursectomy and/or superomedial angle resection. The medial scapula corpus angle (MSCA) meas...
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Background: Snapping scapula syndrome (SSS) can result in crepitus and painful scapulae during motion and may be treated with bursectomy and/or superomedial angle resection. The medial scapula corpus angle (MSCA) measures blade curvature on a transverse plane below the suprascapular fossa and may indicate SSS, yet a large overlapping range in MSCA exists between patients with and without SSS. This study quantified the effects of 3-dimensional scapula orientation in the imaging field, and the resulting variability in scapula type and MSCA. Methods: Computed tomography scans from 10 healthy controls (non-SSS) and 8 SSS patients were used to create 3-dimensional scapula models. The scapula type and MSCA were measured on a controlled reference imaging plane, and ones translated and rotated below the supraspinatus fossa to create 19 planes simulating variations due to scapulothoracic orientation. Planes translated and rotated above the reference plane also generated 13 modified MSCA planes to test areas modified during surgical resection. Statistical analyses compared the scapula type and MSCA between the reference and alternate planes within groups. Results: Scapula type commonly changed and the MSCA varied up to 104° within a subject depending on the imaging plane, regardless of location below or above the reference plane. Numerous statistical differences were detected in MSCA between the reference plane and those translated and rotated below that plane in both non-SSS and SSS groups. Planes translated above the reference plane showed consistent statistical differences in MSCA to the reference plane, but only in the SSS group. Discussion: Although scapula type and MSCA were previously shown to differentiate patients, the effect of viewing perspective was not considered. Differences in scapula orientation relative to the imaging plane dramatically varied the scapula type and MSCA, far exceeding differences between groups described previously. Herein, scapula type and MS
In this study, 1800 ultrasonic images of human diaphragm were captured for training Mask R-CNN. Then, an ultrasonic image tracking algorithm (UITA) was developed to calculate the mean pixel coordinates of the diaphrag...
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Every human being has the basic need for clean drinking water, however 1.1 billion people worldwide do not have access to it. While there are other methods for purifying water, including filtration, reverse osmosis, U...
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Buzzwords like Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber physical systems have been developed recently to describe future industrial systems (CPS). While Industry 4.0 and similar technologies have many pote...
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The amount of UltraViolet (UV) rays and the surrounding temperature have a general effect on the amount of energy produced by PV panels. In the case of optimal electrical power generation, PVs are angled perpendicular...
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Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracture, has been intensively studied in hard and brittle materials such as shale rocks and ice. In contrast, little is known about fracking in soft solids, especially with significa...
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Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracture, has been intensively studied in hard and brittle materials such as shale rocks and ice. In contrast, little is known about fracking in soft solids, especially with significant crack blunting. Recently, it has been found that during the needle-induced-cavitation experiments on soft gels or elastomers, the materials can be ruptured by pressurized fluid. Due to the large elastofracture length, a short crack in a soft solid during the fracking often shows severely blunted tips, and therefore, the crack extension and large deformation in the material become nearly indistinguishable in the experiments. In this letter, we propose to adopt a simple model, considering both large deformation and crack blunting, to predict the change of the hydraulic pressure during the needle-induced-fracking in soft solids. We found that the theoretical predictions agree very well with experimental data reported in the literature. The studies presented in this letter may provide new insights into the understanding of the fracking in soft tissues and cells, and lead to a facile way to measure fracture energy of soft materials, which can be very challenging for conventional testing methods. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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