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Isoleucine Enriched Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplement Improves Glucose and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy College-Age Males but Not in Females

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 137-152页

作者： Michael Dellogono Lyra Clark Mahdi Garelnabi Thomas A. Wilson Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA

Athletes often use branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs) supplements with a ratio of 2:1:1 (leucine:isoleucine:valine) for their impact on muscle building. Research suggests that by altering the ratio, an improvement in glucose metabolism might be possible. The purpose of this study was to examine how isoleucine would influence glucose tolerance. We recruited healthy male (n = 13) and female (n = 5) participants who were asked to fast for 12 hours before coming to the laboratory. A fasting blood sample was collected, followed by the subjects consuming a breakfast containing 113 g carbohydrates, 8 g protein, 1.5 g fat, and BCAA powder in the 2:1:1 ratio (Control) or BCAA powder enriched with Isoleucine (2:6:1), both added to orange juice. The opposite meal was consumed on a second visit one week apart. Blood was collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-meal. No differences were observed between the Control and Isoleucine for changes in serum glucose or insulin response when examining all subjects together. However, when comparing between genders, males tended to have a significantly lower serum glucose response compared to females when consuming the Isoleucine, with no difference between the genders when consuming the Control. Also, males had significantly lower serum glucose responses when consuming the Isoleucine compared to when they consumed the Control, while females had significantly higher serum glucose responses when consuming the Isoleucine compared to when they consumed the Control. In general, males tended to have a lower serum insulin response than females when consuming both the Control and the Isoleucine. Our study indicates a significant difference in the way genders respond to BCAA supplementation, where isoleucine may improve glucose tolerance and insulin response in males but not females.

关键词： Isoleucine Branched-Chain Amino Acids Glucose Tolerance Insulin

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A high cholesterol diet increases serum estradiol in female rats with lower energy availability following a treadmill training program

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Sport Sciences for Health 2025年 1-9页

作者： Clark, Lyra Dellogono, Michael Wilson, Thomas A. Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program University of Massachusetts Lowell One University Avenue Lowell 10854 MA United States Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell 3 Solomont Way Lowell 01854 MA United States

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high cholesterol diet on sex hormone levels in female rats following a treadmill (TM) endurance training program. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 29) consuming a standard semi-purified low-cholesterol diet were randomly assigned to a control group (C, n = 15) or an exercise training group (EX, n = 14) that performed TM running 40 min/day, 6 days/wk for 12 weeks. At the study midpoint (end week 6), half the rats in each group were then randomized to receive a high-cholesterol (HC or EX + HC) diet. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 6, and week 12 to measure serum lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol, estradiol, progesterone and leptin levels. Results: At the end of week 6, the EX group had significantly lower body weight ( – 10%, p < 0.05), mean daily energy intake ( – 21%, p < 0.01), serum leptin ( – 27%, p < 0.05), and serum progesterone ( – 31%, p < 0.05) compared to C. There were no significant differences in serum estradiol. At end of wk 12, EX + HC group had significantly lower body weight ( – 17%, p < 0.05) and serum leptin ( – 67%, p < 0.05) compared to C. However, serum estradiol was significantly higher in EX + HC group compared to C (124%, p < 0.05) and EX (171%, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in energy intake or serum progesterone. Conclusions: Female rats consuming a high-cholesterol diet and exercising had significantly higher serum estradiol than rats consuming a low-cholesterol diet and/or exercising. Thus, it might be possible that extra dietary cholesterol consumption, without extra calories, may improve sex hormone status in female athletes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Estrogen High cholesterol diet Leptin Progesterone Treadmill endurance training

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Corrigendum to "Effect of cell imprinting on viability and drug susceptibility of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin" [Acta Biomaterialia, 2020, 113, 119-129] (Acta Biomaterialia (2020) 113 (119–129), (S1742706120303287), (10.1016/***.2020.06.007))

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Acta Biomaterialia 2025年 198卷 571-572页

作者： Shahriyari, Fatemeh Janmaleki, Mohsen Sharifi, Shahriar Hesar, Milad Eyvazi Hoshian, Sasha Taghiabadi, Reza Razaghian, Ahmad Ghadiri, Majid Peirovi, Afshin Mahmoudi, Morteza Nezhad, Amir Sanati Khademhosseini, Ali Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School CambridgeMA United States Division of Health Sciences & Technology Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Calgary Canada Precision Health Program and Department of Radiology Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55 Aachen52062 Germany Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering Espoo Finland Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran Nano-Biotechnology Department Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran Departments of Bioengineering Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Radiological Sciences Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics California NanoSystems Institute University of California – Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation Los AngelesCA United States

The authors regret to report that the images for panels h (Plain PDMS) and I (MCF7-imprinted PDMS) in Fig. 3 were mistakenly taken from the same dataset, resulting in the omission of the correct image in panel h for the Plain PDMS day 7 image. We sincerely apologize for this error. For an accurate representation, please see the corrected Fig. 3 provided here along with its original figure caption. This does not affect the validity of the statistical analyses or the overall conclusions drawn from the study. © 2025

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Convergent effects of peptides on the initiation of feeding motor programs in the mollusk Aplysia

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Journal of Neurophysiology 2025年第5期133卷 1368-1379页

作者： Evans, Colin G. Barry, Michael A. Reaver, Carrie N. Patel, Paras R. Chestek, Cynthia A. Perkins, Matthew H. Jing, Jian Cropper, Elizabeth C. Department of Neuroscience Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Neurosciences Program Robotics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute for Brain Sciences Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology Advanced Institute for Life Sciences School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

Neuropeptides configure the feeding network of Aplysia. For example, egestive activity is promoted by small cardioactive peptide (SCP), and ingestive activity is promoted by a combination of feeding circuit activating peptide (FCAP) and cerebral peptide 2 (CP-2). In addition, SCP and FCAP/CP-2 have a common network effect that does not contribute to motor program specification. They increase the excitability of an interneuron, B63. In this report, we further characterized the effects of peptides on B63. We performed voltage-clamp experiments and used a step protocol to look at steady-state currents. We found that SCP and FCAP/CP-2 both induced an inward current that was virtually absent in low-sodium saline. Previous work has established that B63 is unusual in the feeding circuit in that subthreshold depolarizations are autonomously generated that can trigger motor programs. Here, we show that this autonomous activity is more frequent in the presence of peptides. Previous studies have also shown that activity of the feeding central pattern generator (CPG) can be initiated by neurons that excite B63, e.g., by cerebral buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2), a projection neuron that triggers biting-like motor programs. Here, we show that the latency of CBI-2-induced activity is decreased by stimulation of the esophageal nerve (EN) (which releases endogenous SCP). These results, taken together with previous results, indicate that peptides that act divergently to configure network activity additionally act convergently to promote motor program induction. We present data that suggest that this arrangement facilitates brief switches between ingestive and egestive motor activity. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： central pattern generator invertebrate modulation motor program neuropeptide

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Retinal oxygen extraction during systemic hypoxia assessed with laser-speckle flowgraphy and retinal oximetry

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ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA 2025年第S284期103卷

作者： Pai, Viktoria Lindner, Theresa Janku, Patrick Schmetterer, Leopold Schmidl, Doreen Garhofer, Gerhard Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Singapore Singapore SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel Switzerland School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

Aims/Purpose: Retinal oxygen extraction has been found to be altered in several ocular and systemic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma or neurodegenerative diseases. However, measurement techniques for the assessment of retinal oxygen extraction are limited because most of them are based on time-consuming and custom-built devices. In the present pilot study, we assessed retinal oxygen extraction during systemic hypoxia with a combination of two commercially available devices: Laser-Speckle Flowgraphy (LSFG) and retinal oximetry. Methods: Retinal blood flow and retinal oxygen saturation were measured in each vessel around the optic nerve head at the same position. Arterial and venous oxygen content was estimated from the measured retinal oxygen saturation parameters and the difference between these two parameters was calculated (cO 2 , DIFF ). By using mean vessel flow rate (MV) for retinal blood flow and cO 2 , DIFF , retinal oxygen extraction was determined. For each healthy study participant, baseline measurement and measurement during inhalation of 88% nitrogen in 12% oxygen were performed. Results: Ten (10) healthy subjects (4 females, 6 males) with a mean age of 27 ± 3 years were included in this study. During systemic hypoxia, a significant decrease in arterial oxygen content occurred ( p = 0.046) while venous oxygen content did not change, leading to a decrease in cO 2 , DIFF . As expected, this was accompanied by a significant increase in MV ( p = 0.014). No change in retinal oxygen extraction was observed (46 ± 8 a.u. at baseline vs. 46 ± 5 a.u. during hypoxia, p = 0.997). Conclusions: Breathing of 88% nitrogen in 12% oxygen caused a significant decrease in retinal arterial oxygen content. This was compensated by an increase in retinal blood flow in order to keep retinal oxygen extraction constant. This was physiologically expected, and these findings are consistent with the literature. Therefore, the presented approach for measurement of reti

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Cell-Instructive Biomaterials with Native-Like Biochemical Complexity

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Annual review of biomedical engineering 2025年第1期27卷 185-209页

作者： Marjan, Tuba Lafuente-Gómez, Nuria Rampal, Akaansha Mooney, David J. Peyton, Shelly R. Qazi, Taimoor H. Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA email: tqazi@purdue.edu John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA email: mooneyd@seas.harvard.edu Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston MA United States Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst MA United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA email: Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA email: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA email:

Biochemical signals in native tissue microenvironments instruct cell behavior during many biological processes ranging from developmental morphogenesis and tissue regeneration to tumor metastasis and disease progression. The detection and characterization of these signals using spatial and highly resolved quantitative methods have revealed their existence as matricellular proteins in the matrisome, some of which are bound to the extracellular matrix while others are freely diffusing. Including these biochemical signals in engineered biomaterials can impart enhanced functionality and native-like complexity, ultimately benefiting efforts to understand, model, and treat various diseases. In this review, we discuss advances in characterizing, mimicking, and harnessing biochemical signals in developing advanced engineered biomaterials. An overview of the diverse forms in which these biochemical signals exist and their effects on intracellular signal transduction is also provided. Finally, we highlight the application of biochemically complex biomaterials in the three broadly defined areas of tissue regeneration, immunoengineering, and organoid morphogenesis.

关键词： biomimetic scaffolds cell-adhesive ligands ECM extracellular matrix matricellular matrisome

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Current advances of biodegradable and biocompatible nanofiber-based materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery

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MRS Communications 2025年 1-17页

作者： Li, Zhiming Bhaskar, Nitu Erel-Akbaba, Gulsah Zhu, Yuhui Ge, Gang Park, Jinyoung Angadi, Kishan Duhoon, Achal Nguyen, Thanh Duc Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs USA Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs USA Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Izmir Katip Celebi University Izmir Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs USA

Nanoscale fibrous materials of natural and synthetic polymers with high porosity, flexibility, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functionality have garnered a lot of scientific attention and present exciting opportunities for regenerative medicine and drug delivery. The potential of developing scaffolds and drug delivery systems that can overcome current barriers in the fields of medicine and pharmacy is greatly expanded by the transformation and incorporation of nanofibers into free-standing nanomembranes, 3D scaffolds, actuators, transducers or sensors, which permits localized stimulation of target tissues, promotes proliferation, and enables controlled drug release over time. This review emphasizes innovative materials, fabrication techniques, and biomedical uses of synthetic and natural nanofiber-based biomaterials. Different from the previous reviews in the field, this work at best includes literature within the last 8 years to cover new exciting functional nanofibers (such as biodegradable electroactive nanofibers) and unique medical applications of these nanofiber materials. We highlight the use of a range of recent fabrication techniques (electrospinning, phase separation, and molecular self-assembly) to enhance the physicochemical and mechanical properties as well as (bio)compatibility of nanofibers for advanced drug delivery systems and tissue engineering applications. At the end, this article provides a future perspective on the advancement of biodegradable and biocompatible nanofibers for the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery.

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Unbiased Multiplex Antigen Screening of Cerebrospinal Fluid Detects Microbial and Autoantigenic Epitopes Associated with Multiple Sclerosis

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Barton, Nathaniel J. Tran, Khanh Olson, Meagan N. Deshpande, Mugdha Radu, Irina Francis, Nimmy Kurban, Mariana Martin-Puig, Aurelie Wilner, Molly Orszulak, Adrian R. Chigas, Samantha M. Sundstrom, Jonathan Dawes, Pepper Murray, Liam F. Baiby, Marcus Ionete, Carolina Lim, Elaine T. Hemond, Christopher C. Chan, Yingleong Department of Neurology University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Department of Medicine Division of Innate Immunity University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States NeuroNexus Institute University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Department of Genomics and Computational Biology University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Graduate Program in Neuroscience Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States

To comprehensively investigate the intrathecal antibody profile of multiple sclerosis (MS), we examined the cerebrospinal fluid of 195 patients (92 MS and 103 non-MS) for antibodies using a multiplex unbiased bacteria peptide library. We first tested against Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) for epitope sites enriched in MS and found a significant enrichment at position 407-419. We then used the data to perform a high-throughput screen against a library of 129 viruses known to infect humans. We discovered several additional epitopes from viruses such as Hantaan virus, Human Herpesvirus 6A and Human respiratory syncytial virus B associated with MS. Besides viral epitopes, we also screened for potential autoantigens of the central nervous system (CNS). We discovered several autoantigenic epitopes in proteins such as ADRB3, HTR3A and MPO that were significantly enriched for MS. Because of previous associations of Toxoplasma gondii infection with MS, we also performed a Toxoplasma gondii specific analysis and discovered additional epitopes enriched for MS. We further assessed epitope-epitope correlations within the patient samples and found distinct patterns of association between these microbial and autoantigenic epitopes. Finally, we performed machine-learning to determine if these epitopes are predictive for MS and found that the model incorporating all the epitopes could most effectively discriminate between MS and non-MS (ROC-AUC score = 0.91). Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of multiplex unbiased screens to detect the identity of potentially cross-reactive antibodies targeting MS CNS epitopes and they can also be used as effective biomarkers for MS. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Epitopes

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Prediction tools for assessing functional impacts of gene mutations in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A comparative study

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年第Pt A期192卷 110187-110187页

作者： Yang, Cheng-Hong Lin, Guan-Cheng Wu, Chih-Hsien Chen, Jin-Bor Chuang, Li-Yeh Department of Information Management Tainan University of Technology Tainan Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Taiwan Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan Taiwan

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a well-known malignancy characterized by specific gene mutations that elevate its occurrence. It can be categorized into clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC, which account for approximately 85 % of all primary RCC cases. The mutations typically involve single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) that lead to amino acid substitutions, which influence various biological functions, including gene expression. Therefore, predicting the functional consequences of RCC-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including substitutions, insertions, deletions, and duplications, is crucial for the effective clinical management of RCC. In recent years, the accessibility and popularity of tools for predicting SNP functional variations have grown, especially in research concerning the potential risks associated with key gene mutations in cancer. Accordingly, this study focused on commonly mutated genes in ccRCC, namely VHL, BAP1, PBRM1, and SETD2. Public data from sources such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the National Center for biotechnology Information were used to identify 61 gene mutation positions. Nine nonsynonymous mutation prediction tools were used for analysis, namely SIFT, Polyphen-2, Mutation Assessor, Fathmm, MutPred, CHASM, Revel, Provean, and SNP&GO. The tools were evaluated by their statistical performance, prediction distribution, and receiver operating characteristic curves. The three tools with the highest accuracy for predicting the functional consequences of mutations in the four frequently mutated genes associated with ccRCC were SIFT (accuracy of 0.75), Provean (0.7), and Polyphen-2 (0.69). These findings offer valuable insights into predicting ccRCC-related gene mutation effects, but further research and validation are essential to support their clinical applications. © 2025

关键词： Transcription

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Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Deep Learning Approach

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using ...

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International Symposium on Applied Science 2024, ISAS 2024

作者： Raza, Aquib Ching, Congo Tak Shing Liu, Peng-Ta Phan, Thien-Luan Tran, Ngoc-Luan Nguyen, Ha Anh T. Rameez, Mohammad Li, Hung-Chung Linh, Dao Nguyen Phuong Van Hieu, Nguyen Tran, Trung Nghia National Taiwan University Taipei City10673 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Academia Sinica Taipei City11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou County Taiwan Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan International Doctoral Program in Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Fall Prevention Center Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua500 Taiwan Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering University of Science Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam Department of Computer Science University of York York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom Undergraduate Program of Intellectual Creativity Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Ho Chi Minh City72409 Viet Nam HCMUT Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Thu Duc Ho Chi Minh City71308 Viet Nam

This research introduces a deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks with autoencoders to improve the diagnostic accuracy of knee osteoarthritis. The study utilized a publicly available dataset from the Mendeley Data repository, where knee joint images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization to enhance contrast and ensure consistent image sizing. Initially, an autoencoder was employed in an unsupervised manner to learn compressed representations of the data. These representations were then used to train a CNN to classify knee images into 'healthy' and 'osteoarthritic' categories. The model was trained using an 80:20 split for training and testing data, incorporating early stopping and data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCAUC) were used to evaluate the model, resulting in a high test accuracy of 98.95%. The high precision and recall rates further confirmed the model's robustness in diagnosing KOA. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to identify critical regions in the images that influenced the model's decisions. Additionally, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used to visualize the high-dimensional encoded features in a two-dimensional space, providing deeper insights into how the model differentiates between classes. The promising results of this deep learning approach suggest its potential for broader applications in medical imaging diagnostics. By providing healthcare professionals with a tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, this framework lays the foundation for developing scalable, AI-driven diagnostic systems for various complex medical conditions. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Joints (anatomy)

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