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Platinum Concave Nanocubes with High‐Index Facets and Their Enhanced Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reaction†

Angewandte Chemie 2011年第12期123卷

作者： Taekyung Yu Do Youb Kim Hui Zhang Younan Xia Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University Saint Louis MO 63130 (USA) Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 graduate program) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Gwahangro Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 305‐701 (Korea) State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 (People's Republic of China)

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Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells encapsulated in hydrogel matrix materials

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells encapsulated i...

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作者： Salick, Max Boyer, Richard A. Koonce, Chad H. Kamp, Timothy J. Palecek, Sean P. Masters, Kristyn S. Crone, Wendy C. Engineering Mechanics Program University of Wisconsin Madison United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison United States Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison United States Department of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin - Madison 543 Engineering Research Building 1500 Engineering Dr Madison WI 53706 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781617386909

Prior work on many cell types, including stem cells, has definitively shown that mechanical stiffness of the neighboring material and the overall stress state influences cell behavior. There is also evidence that the topology (i.e. 2D vs 3D environment) impacts cell behavior. Our research involves controlling the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) through mechanical stimuli. We employ three-dimensional cultures to better understand how topology and mechanical properties of a surrounding matrix impact stem cell differentiation. For these experiments, H9 hESCs were embedded in hydrogels of varying Young's moduli with the target of differentiation toward cardiomyocytes. The amount of contractile behavior was quantified, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) tests were conducted at various time points. Results show a similar efficiency in cardiomyocyte generation to other methods with the advantages of a three-dimensional matrix environment more conducive to the needs of tissue engineering. © 2010 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc.

关键词： Stem cells

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Urchin‐Shaped Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles as pH‐Responsive ActivatableT1Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging†

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Angewandte Chemie 2011年第45期123卷

作者： Taekhoon Kim Eun‐Jin Cho Youngjoo Chae Minsik Kim Aram Oh Juhong Jin Eun‐Sook Lee Hionsuck Baik Seungjoo Haam Jin‐Suck Suh Yong‐Min Huh Kwangyeol Lee Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 136‐701 (Korea) Program for Nanomedical Science and Technology Yonsei University (Korea) Department of Radiology & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Yonsei University (Korea) YUHS‐KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute Yonsei University Seoul 120‐752 (Korea) Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Seoul 136‐713 (Korea) Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 120‐749 (Korea) Severance Biomedical Science Institute Yonsei University (Korea)

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Effects of incorporation of poly(γ-glutamic acid) in chitosan/DNA complex nanoparticles on cellular uptake and transfection efficiency

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Biomaterials 2009年第9期30卷 1797-1808页

作者： Peng, Shu-Fen Yang, Mei-Ju Su, Chun-Jen Chen, Hsin-Lung Lee, Po-Wei Wei, Ming-Cheng Sung, Hsing-Wen Department of Chemical Engineering Bioengineering Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan

Chitosan (CS)/DNA complex nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered as a vector for gene delivery. Although advantageous for DNA packing and protection, CS-based complexes may lead to difficulties in DNA release once arriving at the site of action. In this study, an approach through modifying their internal structure by incorporating a negatively charged poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) in CS/DNA complexes (CS/DNA/γ-PGA NPs) is reported. The analysis of small angle X-ray scattering results revealed that DNA and γ-PGA formed complexes with CS separately to yield two types of domains, leading to the formation of "compounded NPs". With this internal structure, the compounded NPs might disintegrate into a number of even smaller sub-particles after cellular internalization, thus improving the dissociation capacity of CS and DNA. Consequently, after incorporating γ-PGA in CS/DNA complexes, a significant increase in their transfection efficiency was found. Interestingly, in addition to improving the release of DNA intracellularly, the incorporation of γ-PGA in CS/DNA complexes significantly enhanced their cellular uptake. We further demonstrated that besides a non-specific charged-mediated binding to cell membranes, there were specific trypsin-cleavable proteins involved in the internalization of CS/DNA/γ-PGA NPs. The aforementioned results indicated that γ-PGA played multiple important roles in enhancing the cellular uptake and transfection efficiency of CS/DNA/γ-PGA NPs. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chitosan

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Fiber-to-bundle registration of white matter tracts

Fiber-to-bundle registration of white matter tracts

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Medical Imaging 2009 - Image Processing

作者： Xu, Qing Anderson, Adam W. Gore, John C. Ding, Zhaohua Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University United States Chemical and Physical Biology Program Vanderbilt University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819475107

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is being widely used to reconstruct brain white matter (WM) fiber tracts. For further characterization of the tracts, the fibers with similar courses often need to be grouped into a fiber bundle that corresponds to certain underlying WM anatomic structure. In addition, the alignments of fibers from different studies are often desirable for bundle comparisons and group analysis. In this work, a novel registration algorithm based on fiber-to-bundle matching was proposed to address the above two needs. Using an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, the proposed method is capable of estimating a Thin-Plate- Spline transformation that optimally aligns whole-brain target fiber sets with a reference bundle model. Based on the resulting transformations, the fibers from different target datasets can all be warped into the reference coordinate system for comparisons and group analysis. The fibers can be further automatically labeled according to their similarity to the reference model. The algorithm was evaluated with eight human brain DTI data volumes acquired in vivo at 3T. After registration, the warped target bundles exhibit good similarity to the reference bundles. Quantitative experiments further demonstrated that the detected target bundles agree with ground truth obtained by manual segmentation at a sub-voxel accuracy. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical engineering.

关键词： Fibers

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Swelling Kinetics of Physically Crosslinked Polyurethane-block-Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

Swelling Kinetics of Physically Crosslinked Polyurethane-blo...

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Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference

作者： Alpesh Patel Kibret Mequanint Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western Ontario London Canada Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering London Canada Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Canada

Physically crosslinked Polyurethane-b-polyacrylamide (PU-b-PAAm) hydrogels have been synthesized using dithiocarbamate (DC)-based polyurethane macroiniferter (PUMI). The prepared materials have been characterized usin... 详细信息

关键词： Kinetic theory Polymers Tissue engineering Photochemistry biomedical engineering Biological materials Targeted drug delivery chemical engineering biomedical materials Spectroscopy

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Targeted drug delivery with PEGylated immuno-niosomes

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25th Southern biomedical engineering Conference 2009

作者： Elliott, J.A. Flam, B. Muffly, K. Strom, J.A. Hood, E. Vanauker, M.D. College of Engineering Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering University of South Florida Tampa United States College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of South Florida Tampa United States College of Medicine Department of Pathology and Cell Biology University of South Florida Tampa United States Targeted Therapeutics Program Institute for Environmental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642016967

Targeted drug delivery provides an effective means of delivering high concentrations of a therapeutic agent to its sites of action. Bilayer vesicles composed of nonionic surfactants (niosomes) can be manufactured to both attach to specific endothelial cell receptors expressed and upregulated by a disease process and encapsuate a therapeutic agent to treat the disease. One such receptor, CD44, is upregulated by vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. Niosomes can be specifically targeted to the CD44 receptor by conjugation of the niosome with an antibody to CD44 (KM-201), creating immune-niosomes (INs). INs have an encapsulation scheme that mimics the design of cells. IN shelf stability and circulation time in vivo can be improved by covalently linking a polymer chain comprised of polyethylene glycol to the surfactant layer. Vesicle size stability is measured by time-dependent dynamic light scattering data. In static conditions the PEG modifications resulted in an increase in vesicle binding up to 17%, confirmation of binding in a laminar flow field is shown using fluorescent microscopy. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Targeted drug delivery

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Dry powder platform for pulmonary drug delivery

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Particuology 2008年第4期6卷 225-238页

作者： Derek Ivan Daniher Jesse Zhu Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

The phenomenon of particle interaction involved in pulmonary drug delivery belongs to a wide variety of disciplines of particle technology, in particular, fluidization. This paper reviews the basic concepts of pulmonary drug delivery with references to fluidization research, in particular, studies on Geldart group C powders. Dry powder inhaler device-formulation combination has been shown to be an effective method for delivering drugs to the lung for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Even with advanced designs, however, delivery efficiency is still poor mainly due to powder dispersion problems which cause poor lung deposition and high dose variability. Drug particles used in current inhalers must be 1–5 μm in diameter for effective deposition in small-diameter airways and alveoli. These powders are very cohesive, have poor flowability, and are difficult to disperse into aerosol due to cohesion arising from van der Waals attraction. These problems are well known in fluidization research, much of which is highly relevant to pulmonary drug delivery.

关键词： Dry powder inhaler Interparticle forces Aerosol Pulmonary drug delivery Carrier particle Fluidization

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Synthesis and characterization of a novel poly(amic acid)

Synthesis and characterization of a novel poly(amic acid)

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8th World Biomaterials Congress 2008, WBC 2008

作者： Padavan, Donna T. Wan, W.K. Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Western Ontario London ON Canada Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western Ontario London ON Canada

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Microfluidic assembly blocks

Microfluidic assembly blocks

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12th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2008

作者： Rhee, Minsoung Burns, Mark A. Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan United States Bioinformatics Program University of Michigan United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan United States

The use of microfluidic systems in the life sciences is still limited due to the high-level fabrication expertise required for construction. A novel assembly approach for microdevice construction is presented. This approach involves prefabrication of in-dividual "microfluidic assembly blocks" in PDMS that can be readily assembled on plain glass slides to form microfluidic systems in minutes by non-expert users. We describe the prefabrication of various blocks and the hermetic assembly of microflui-dic devices using the MAB methodology. Finally, we demonstrate common micro-fluidic applications including laminar flow development, valve control, and cell cul-ture. © 2008 CBMS.

关键词： Fabrication

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