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arXiv 2021年

作者： Moghimi, Pantea Dang, Anh The Netoff, Theoden Lim, Kelvin Atluri, Gowtham Department of Neurobiology University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN United States Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN United States

Brain parcellations play a ubiquitous role in the analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets. Over 100 years of research has been conducted in pursuit of an ideal brain parcellation. Different methods have been developed and studied for constructing brain parcellations using different imaging modalities. More recently, several data-driven parcellation methods have been adopted from data mining, machine learning, and statistics communities. With contributions from different scientific fields, there is a rich body of literature that needs to be examined to appreciate the breadth of existing research and the gaps that need to be investigated. In this work, we review the large body of in vivo brain parcellation research spanning different neuroimaging modalities and methods. A key contribution of this work is a semantic organization of this large body of work into different taxonomies, making it easy to understand the breadth and depth of the brain parcellation literature. Specifically, we categorized the existing parcellations into three groups: Anatomical parcellations, functional parcellations, and structural parcellations which are constructed using T1-weighted MRI, functional MRI (fMRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) datasets, respectively. We provide a multi-level taxonomy of different methods studied in each of these categories, compare their relative strengths and weaknesses, and highlight the challenges currently faced for the development of brain parcellations. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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A microfluidic method for creating poly(Ethylene glycol) gradient microgel scaffolds to modulate human mesenchymal stem cell behavior 42

A microfluidic method for creating poly(Ethylene glycol) gra...

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42nd Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting and Exposition 2019: The Pinnacle of Biomaterials Innovation and Excellence

作者： Xin, Shangjing Dai, Jing Han, Arum Alge, Daniel Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510883901

Statement of Purpose: Stem cell fate is influenced by the biochemical and biophysical cues presented by the extracellular matrix (ECM), and there is high interest in developing tissue engineering scaffolds with controlled heterogeneity to direct stem cell behavior. Assembling microgels into 3D tissue engineering scaffolds is a unique approach to address this challenge, as one key advantage is that this bottom-up strategy allows the incorporation of multiple formulations of microgels to generate spatial patterning of physicochemical properties. Random distributions or zones of distinct microgels in a single scaffold have been explored as injectable hydrogel systems. Here, we developed a microfluidic method to create poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) gradient microgel scaffolds by tuning the flow rates of two gel components, with the objective of modulating human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behaviors by presenting physicochemical gradients in these scaffolds. © 2019 Omnipress - All rights reserved.

关键词： Stem cells

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Planar laser activated neuronal scanning (PLANS) system for in vivo flow cytometry

Planar laser activated neuronal scanning (PLANS) system for ...

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2020 Frontiers in Optics Conference, FiO 2020

作者： Watson, Nicholas Mondal, Sudip DuPlissis, Andrew Kim, Ki Hyun Ben-Yakar, Adela Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at Austin 107 W Dean Keeton St. AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton St. AustinTX78712 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin 2501 Speedway AustinTX78712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580804

关键词： Flow cytometry

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Robotic knee tracking control to mimic the intact human knee profile based on actor-critic reinforcement learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, He Wu, Ruofan Yao, Zhikai Si, Jennie School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States

We address a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) control approach to automatically configure robotic prosthesis impedance parameters to enable end-to-end, continuous locomotion intended for transfemoral amputee subjects. Specifically, our actor-critic based RL provides tracking control of a robotic knee prosthesis to mimic the intact knee profile. This is a significant advance from our previous RL based automatic tuning of prosthesis control parameters which have centered on regulation control with a designer prescribed robotic knee profile as the target. In addition to presenting the complete tracking control algorithm based on direct heuristic dynamic programming (dHDP), we provide an analytical framework for the tracking controller with constrained inputs. We show that our proposed tracking control possesses several important properties, such as weight convergence of the learning networks, Bellman (sub)optimality of the cost-to-go value function and control input, and practical stability of the human-robot system under input constraint. We further provide a systematic simulation of the proposed tracking control using a realistic human-robot system simulator, the OpenSim, to emulate how the dHDP enables level ground walking, walking on different terrains and at different paces. These results show that our proposed dHDP based tracking control is not only theoretically suitable, but also practically useful. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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Fabrication of a Translational Photoacoustic Needle Sensing Probe

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lin, Wei-Kuan Ni, Linyu Wang, Xueding Guo, Jay L. Xu, Guan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of Michigan 1301 Beal Avenue Ann ArborMI United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan 2200 Bonisteel Blvd Ann ArborMI United States Department of Radiology University of Michigan 1301 Catherine St Ann ArborMI United States Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Michigan 1000 Wall St Ann ArborMI United States

In our previous study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using an all-optical photoacoustic (PA) probe for interstitial measurement of tissue architectures. In this work, we fabricated a translational needle PA sensing probe that integrates a fiber optic diffuser and a fiber optic hydrophone into an 18G steel biopsy needle sheath. We upgraded the Fabry-Perot hydrophone from the previous planar structure to plano-concave structure to boost the sensitivity and the sensing angle. We also improved the needle sheath by laying a polymer layer and a highly reflective metal layer on the inner surface of the needle. Such design effectively diminishes the vibrational noise from the sheath to a negligible degree and increases the sensing volume. We also validated the probe for PA spectral analysis with phantoms containing microspheres. The correlations between the quantitative PA spectral parameters agree with our previous results. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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Latent class analysis identifies novel coeliac disease subgroups with distinctive clinical features: a multicentric study

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European Journal of Internal Medicine 2025年

作者： Lenti, Marco Vincenzo Pala, Daniele Aronico, Nicola Dagliati, Arianna Bianchi, Paola Ilaria Santacroce, Giovanni Quaglini, Silvana Lanzola, Giordano Corazza, Gino Roberto Di Sabatino, Antonio Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics University of Pavia Pavia Italy First Department of Internal Medicine San Matteo Hospital Foundation Pavia Italy Department of Computer Electrical and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy Department of Management Information and Production Engineering University of Bergamo Bergamo Italy

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is a lifelong, immune-mediated disorder characterised by a wide clinical spectrum, which often challenges traditional classifications like the Oslo definitions. We aimed to recognise novel CD subtypes based on clinical features using latent class analysis (LCA) and validate these phenotypes with a predictive supervised model. Methods: In this multicentric retrospective study, 2478 adult CD patients from 19 Italian centres (2011–2021) were analysed. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histological data were collected. LCA was applied to categorical symptom variables, including gastrointestinal, haematological, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and fatigue, to identify latent clusters, with the optimal number of classes determined by the Bayesian Information Criterion. The newly derived classes were compared with the traditional Oslo classification using Chi-squared tests, while multinomial logistic regression (MLR) was employed to validate the associations between latent classes and additional features. Results: LCA identified four classes, namely Class 1 (predominant lower gastrointestinal symptoms);Class 2 (upper gastrointestinal manifestations);Class 3 (mainly asymptomatic or nonspecific cases);and Class 4 (microcytic anaemia with asthenia). Comparison with the Oslo classification revealed partial overlap, indicating potential misclassification under current criteria. MLR confirmed significant associations, with female sex strongly linked to Class 2 (OR 2.7, 95 % CI 1.52–4.78). Autoimmune comorbidities (OR 1.96, 95 % CI 1.18–3.25) and severe histological damage (B2 Corazza-Villanacci classification, OR 9.12, 95 % CI 1.86–44.63) were also more frequent in Class 2. Conclusions: LCA may offer a novel, data-driven approach to refine CD phenotyping that should be validated in future studies. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Autoimmunity Clinical characteristics Diagnosis Epidemiology Gluten Malabsorption

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Optimization of Spatial Resolution and Image Reconstruction Parameters for the Small-Animal MetisTM PET/CT System

Research Square

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Research Square 2022年

作者： Zhao, Jie Liu, Qiong Li, Chaofan Song, Yunfeng Zhang, Ying Jose, Mejia Chen, Jyh-Cheng School of Medical Imaging Xuzhou Medical University Jiangsu221004 China School of Medical Information and Engineering Xuzhou Medical University Jiangsu221004 China Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei11221 Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Hsinchu30015 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez32310 Mexico

The aim of this study was to investigate the optimization of spatial resolution and image reconstruction parameters related to image quality in an iterative reconstruction algorithm for the small-animal MetisTM PET/CT system. We used a homemade Derenzo phantom to evaluate the image quality by visual assessment, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, coefficient of variation, and contrast-to-noise ratio of the 0.8 mm hot rods of 8 slices in the centre of the phantom PET images. A healthy mouse study was performed to analyze the influence of optimal reconstruction parameters and Gaussian post-filter FWHM. In the phantom study, the best image quality was obtained by placing the phantom at one end, keeping the central axis parallel to X-axis of the system, selecting iterations between 30 and 40, with a reconstruction voxel of 0.314 mm and a Gaussian post-filter FWHM of 1.57 mm. The optimization of spatial resolution can reach 0.6-mm. In the animal study, it was suitable to choose a voxel size of 0.472-mm, iterations between 30 and 40, and 2.36-mm Gaussian post-filter FWHM. Our results indicate that optimal imaging conditions and reconstruction parameters are necessary to obtain high-resolution images and quantitative accuracy, especially for the high-precision identification of tiny lesions. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Phantoms

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Subvisible particle formation under mechanical and interfacial stress: A case study using bovine serum albumin as a model for biotherapeutic proteins

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International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2025年 680卷 125774页

作者： Eshraghi, Javad Galangashi, Reza Babakhani Veilleux, Jean-Christophe Shi, Galen Collins, David Yang, Dennis Vlachos, Pavlos P Department of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette 47907 IN United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr. West Lafayette 47907 IN United States Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN United States

The stability of biotherapeutic proteins is critical for drug efficacy and patient safety, with protein aggregation and subvisible particle (SVP) formation posing significant challenges. Mechanical, thermal, and interfacial stresses encountered during manufacturing, storage, and administration can destabilize proteins and increase immunogenicity. While shear stress has traditionally been viewed as a primary cause of aggregation, recent evidence suggests that interfacial dynamics and extensional stresses may play a more significant role. However, the relative effects of these factors remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we developed an experimental process to exert controlled stresses on Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) samples and measured SVP formation using optical methods. We examined the effects of acoustic- and laser-induced cavitation, shear stress, extensional stress, and air/solution interfacial stress, alongside variations in surfactant and protein concentrations. Our results demonstrate that extensional stress and vapor-solution interfaces induce significantly greater protein aggregation and SVP formation than shear stress and air-solution interfaces. Cavitation proved particularly harmful, generating localized increases in pressure and temperature. The addition of surfactants mitigated the impact of all stress types, reducing both particle count and size. These findings challenge the conventional emphasis on shear stress as the primary driver of protein aggregation, underscoring the need for stress-specific strategies in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. By highlighting the critical roles of extensional stress and cavitation-induced interfaces, this study provides valuable insights for optimizing formulation, manufacturing, and delivery processes to enhance the stability, efficacy, and safety of protein therapeutics while minimizing immunogenicity. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Cavitation Extensional stress Hydrodynamic shear Interfacial stress Protein aggregation Subvisible particles

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Fabrication of a Translational Photoacoustic Needle Sensing Probe

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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Comb-calibrated Raman Spectroscopy of Molecular Hydrogen

Comb-calibrated Raman Spectroscopy of Molecular Hydrogen

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO EUROPE)

作者： Marco Lamperti Lucile Rutkowski Daniele Ronchetti Davide Gatti Riccardo Gotti Giulio Cerullo Franck Thibault Hubert Jóźwiak Szymon Wójtewicz Piotr Masłowski Piotr Wcisło Dario Polli Marco Marangoni Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano and IFN-CNR Lecco Italy Department of Science and High Technology University of Insubria Como Italy Univ Rennes CNRS IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251 Rennes France Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Universitá degli studi di Pavia Pavia Italy Faculty of Physics Institute of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345995

Molecular hydrogen and its isotopologues are key systems to test quantum electrodynamics (QED) at molecular length scales, as their energy levels can be calculated with high accuracy[1]. Comparison of the theoretical values with highly accurate experimental determinations of transition frequencies allows one to test QED and theories beyond the standard model of particle physics[2]. Recent accurate measurements of rovibrational frequencies of HD and D2, covering mostly the second overtone band, have shown a systematic deviation between measured and calculated transition frequencies. Yet, available measurements on H2 are characterized by uncertainties one order of magnitude larger than theory.

关键词： Frequency combs Frequency measurement Hydrogen Molecular spectroscopy Quantum electrodynamics Raman spectroscopy

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