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Optical Sensors 2019

作者： Vanus, Jan Fajkus, Marcel Martinek, Radek Zabka, Stanislav Stolarik, Martin Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic Department of Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic Department of Geotechnics and Underground Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781510627222

Indirect monitoring of rooḿs occupancy are two of the key requirements for technological systems that are used to secure independent housing for people in their home environment. For indirect monitoring of the Smart Home rooḿs occupancy, we used Fiber Bragg grating sensor, temperature sensor T(°C), CO2(ppm) sensor, and humidity sensor rH (%). The first part of the paper describes the proposal of an implementation of Fiber Bragg grating for the detection of human presence in a room of SH. The second part of this paper dealing with the use of CO2 concentration measurement for detecting and monitoring rooḿs occupancy with the implementation of Artificial Neural Network for the detection of human presence in the room of SH. Experimental results verified high method accuracy (>90%) within the short-term and long-term experiments. Utilization of Fiber Bragg grating in SH was proven on the experimental basis with the combination of measurement CO2 for rooḿs occupancy monitoring in SH. © 2019 SPIE

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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Joint Design of RF and gradient waveforms via auto-differentiation for 3D tailored excitation in MRI

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Luo, Tianrui Noll, Douglas C. Fessler, Jeffrey A. Nielsen, Jon-Fredrik Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

This paper proposes a new method for joint design of radiofrequency (RF) and gradient waveforms in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and applies it to the design of 3D spatially tailored saturation and inversion pulses. The joint design of both waveforms is characterized by the ODE Bloch equations, to which there is no known direct solution. Existing approaches therefore typically rely on simplified problem formulations based on, e.g., the small-tip approximation or constraining the gradient waveforms to particular shapes, and often apply only to specific objective functions for a narrow set of design goals (e.g., ignoring hardware constraints). This paper develops and exploits an auto-differentiable Bloch simulator to directly compute Jacobians of the (Bloch-simulated) excitation pattern with respect to RF and gradient waveforms. This approach is compatible with arbitrary sub-differentiable loss functions, and optimizes the RF and gradients directly without restricting the waveform shapes. For computational efficiency, we derive and implement explicit Bloch simulator Jacobians (approximately halving computation time and memory usage). To enforce hardware limits (peak RF, gradient, and slew rate), we use a change of variables that makes the 3D pulse design problem effectively unconstrained;we then optimize the resulting problem directly using the proposed auto-differentiation framework. We demonstrate our approach with two kinds of 3D excitation pulses that cannot be easily designed with conventional approaches: Outer-volume saturation (90° flip angle), and inner-volume inversion. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Simulators

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Numerical models for designing ECT applications 19

Numerical models for designing ECT applications

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19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, electrical and Electronic engineering, ISEF 2019

作者： Di Barba, Paolo Mognaschi, Maria Evelina Forzan, Michele Sgarbossa, Paolo Sieni, Elisabetta University of Pavia Dept of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Pavia Italy University of Padova Dept of Industrial Engineering Padova Italy Insubria University Dept of Theoretical and Applied Sciences Varese Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781728115603

In the paper, a review on numerical models and optimization techniques for the design of electrochemotherapy (ECT) applications is done. Different features of the ECT models are presented and discussed;in particular, the effect of tissue inhomogeneity on electric field distribution and ECT outcome is studied, because of its paramount importance. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Numerical models

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Self-documenting plasmids

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Trends in Biotechnology 2025年

作者： Hernandez, Sarah I. Peccoud, Samuel J. Berezin, Casey-Tyler Peccoud, Jean Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States GenoFAB Fort CollinsCO United States Department of Electrical Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States Department of Computer Sciences Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States School of Biomedical Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States

Plasmids are the workhorse of biotechnology. These small DNA molecules are used to produce recombinant proteins and to engineer living organisms. They can be regarded as the blueprints of many biotechnology products. Therefore, it is critical to ensure that the sequences of these DNA molecules match their intended designs. Yet, plasmid verification remains challenging. To secure the exchange of plasmids in research and development workflows, we have developed self-documenting plasmids that encode information about themselves in their own DNA molecules. Users of self-documenting plasmids can retrieve critical information about the plasmid without prior knowledge of the plasmid identity. The insertion of documentation in the plasmid sequence does not preclude their propagation in bacteria or functional fluorescent protein expression in mammalian cells. This technology simplifies plasmid verification, hardens supply chains, and has the potential to transform the protection of intellectual property (IP) in the life sciences. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Mammals

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A Low-cost and Enzyme-free Glucose Paper Sensor

A Low-cost and Enzyme-free Glucose Paper Sensor

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Zheyuan Chen Ting-Yen Chi Onder Dincel Lin Tong Jun Kameoka Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami FL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Material Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728119908

ISBN: (纸本)9781728119915

A low-cost and enzyme-free glucose paper sensor is presented as a promising alternative to glucose test strips. This paper-based glucose sensor is prepared with molecularly imprinted (MIP) polyaniline (PANI) electrode. The determination of glucose concentrations was studied by the impedance change of the paper sensor before and after the blood samples dispensing at a low frequency. A comparison of the linear and polynomial regression was applied to analyze the impedance ratio as a function of glucose concentrations. The proposed glucose paper sensor showed a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.135 mM. This novel and non-enzymatic paper sensor suggests a low-cost glucose test assay and can improve the quality of routine testing for diabetic patients.

关键词： Sugar Strips Electrodes Impedance Silver Diabetes Blood

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Design integrated microfluidic chips for clinical applications 235

Design integrated microfluidic chips for clinical applicatio...

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Symposium on Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing 3 - 235th ECS Meeting

作者： Yang, Chiao-Hsun Hsieh, Yu-Ling Li, Bor-Ran Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781607688723

Blood tests provide vital diagnostic information regarding several diseases. A key factor that affects the precision and accuracy of blood tests is the interference of red blood cells;however, the conventional methods of blood separation are often complicated and time consuming. Herein, we report a gravity-driven plasma separation device with the new microfluidic design after demonstrating its separation efficiency by using a novel approach for self-containe injection. Our results showed that the separation efficiency improved from 17.1% to 99.7% after adjusting the geometric design of the channel and filter trench. With the aforementioned advantages, this blood separation device has potential applications in point-of-care testing. © The Electrochemical Society

关键词： Microfluidics

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Development of hydroxyapatite-enhanced membrane for nanoplastics removal: Multiple scenarios and mechanism exploration

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 495卷 138781页

作者： Li, Mengna Huang, Guohe Wang, Shuguang Huang, Jing Xu, Zeyuan Environmental Systems Engineering Program University of Regina ReginaSKS4S 0A2 Canada China-Canada Center of Energy Environment and Sustainability Research UR-SDU School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia27100 Italy

Nanoplastics (NPs) are widespread in wastewater systems and more toxic than microplastics (MPs), necessitating effective removal techniques. Although membranes can effectively remove MPs, their efficiency and mechanisms for NPs removal require further study. A novel hydroxyapatite functionalized PVDF (HAPF) membrane was developed for NPs removal. The optimized HAPF membrane was prepared via a one-step method with 800 mg/L HAP at pH 7.3 for 8 hours. It achieved a water flux of 4376.44 LMH, 3.4 times higher than that of the pristine PVDF membrane, while maintaining a polystyrene (PS) NPs rejection above 99.5 %. The HAPF membrane maintained 95 % of its pure water flux when treating wastewater with only PS NPs, but exhibited severe flux decline under varying conditions, such as surface-functionalized PS NPs, pH changes, or coexisting contaminants. Among these, the presence of MgSO4 alongside PS NPs caused the most severe water flux reduction, with the HAPF membrane undergoing complete blocking, followed by the formation of a cake layer. XDLVO results revealed that there is an attractive interaction between the HAPF membrane and PS NPs, primarily driven by acid-base interaction. The HAPF membrane exhibited significantly lower Rm and Rf values than the PVDF membrane and achieved a flux recovery rate of 92.94 % over multiple fouling-cleaning cycles. Its water flux was 18.9 times that of the PVDF membrane during long-term filtration. The developed HAPF membrane holds significant potential for advanced water treatment and fouling resistance. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： River pollution

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Design, Characterization, and Control of a Size Adaptable In-pipe Robot for Water Distribution Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kazeminasab, Saber Akbari, Ali Jafari, Roozbeh Banks, M. Katherine Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX United States Departments of Biomedical Computer Science and Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX United States College of Enginnering Texas A&M University College Station TX United States

— Leak detection and water quality monitoring are requirements and challenging tasks in Water Distribution Systems (WDS). In-line robots are designed for this aim. In our previous work, we designed an in-pipe robot [1]. In this research, we present the design of the central processor, characterize and control the robot based on the condition of operation in highly pressurized environment of pipelines with the presence of high-speed flow. To this aim, an extreme operation condition is simulated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the spring mechanism is characterized to ensure sufficient stabilizing force during operation based on the extreme operating condition. Also, an end-to-end method is suggested for power considerations for our robot that calculates minimum battery capacity and operation duration in the extreme operating condition. Finally, we design a novel LQR-PID based controller based on the system’s auxiliary matrices that retains the robot’s stability inside pipeline against disturbances and uncertainties during operation. The ADAMS-MATLAB co-simulation of the robot-controller shows rotational velocity with -4°/sec and +3°/sec margin around x, y, and z axes while the system tracks different desired velocities in pipelines (i.e. 0.12m/s, 0.17m/s, and 0.35m/s). Also, experimental results for four iterations in a 14-inch diameter PVC pipe show that the controller brings initial values of stabilizing states to zero and oscillate around it with a margin of ±2° and the system tracks desired velocities of 0.1m/s, 0.2m/s, 0.3m/s, and 0.35m/s in which makes the robot dexterous in uncertain and highly disturbed environment of pipelines during operation. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Controllers

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Idealized aortic annuloplasty FSI digital twin of 3D-printed phantoms with 4D-flow MRI comparison

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年第Pt B期192卷 110398-110398页

作者： Bontempi, Luca Zattoni, Marta Ramella, Anna Migliavacca, Francesco Ringgaard, Steffen Kim, Won Yong Johansen, Peter Colombo, Monika Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy Department of Biomedical Engineering Thoraxcenter Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark Department of MR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital Denmark Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Denmark Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus University Denmark Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Denmark

Background: Aortic annuloplasty, involving the implantation of an external ring around the aortic root to reduce annular dimensions, is a promising treatment for aortic valve insufficiency. However, its hemodynamic effects remain underexplored due to the absence of computational models validated by experimental and clinical data. Methods: This study introduces a computational fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of supra valvular aortic annuloplasty using 4D-flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Native and post-annuloplasty conditions of idealized aortic root phantoms, including the aortic valve, were CAD-modelled and 3D-printed with elastic resin. These phantoms were tested in a mock circulatory flow-loop providing normal pulsatile physiologic conditions using a glycerol-water mixture to simulate blood viscosity. Flow and pressure data collected from sensors were used as boundary conditions for FSI simulations. Experimental velocity fields from 4D-flow MRI were compared to computational results to assess model accuracy. Results: MRI scans of the annuloplasty model showed an increased peak systolic velocity (up to 145.4 cm/s) and localized flow alterations, corresponding to a higher pressure gradient across the valve. During regurgitation, the annuloplasty model showed broader velocity distributions compared to the native condition. The FSI simulations closely matched 4D-flow MRI data, with strong correlation coefficients (r > 0.93) and minimal Bland-Altman differences, particularly during systolic phases. Conclusions: This study establishes an integrative methodology combining in-vitro, in-silico, and clinical imaging techniques to evaluate aortic annuloplasty hemodynamics. The in-vitro validated digital twin framework offers a pathway for patient-specific modelling, enabling prediction of surgical outcomes and optimization of aortic valve repair strategies. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Theranostics

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Adaptive dynamics learning for small fault detection of discrete-time nonlinear uncertain systems

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ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC 2019

作者： Zhang, Jingting Yuan, Chengzhi Stegagno, Paolo Mechanical Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Rhode Island KingstonRI02881 United States Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Rhode Island KingstonRI02881 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791859148

This paper addresses the problem of small fault detection for discrete-time nonlinear uncertain systems. The problem is challenging due to (i) the considered system is subject to unstructured nonlinear uncertain dynamics;and (ii) the faults are considered to be "small" in the sense that system states and control inputs in faulty mode remain close to those in normal mode. To overcome these challenges, a novel adaptive dynamics learning based fault detection scheme is proposed. Specifically, an adaptive dynamics learning approach is first proposed to achieve the locally-accurate approximation of the system uncertain dynamics. Then, based on the learned knowledge, a novel residual system is designed by using the absolute measures of the change of the system dynamics resulting from the fault effect. An adaptive threshold is developed based on the residual system for real-time decision making, i.e., the fault is claimed to be detected when the associated residual signal becomes larger than the adaptive threshold. Rigorous analysis is performed to deduce the small fault detectability condition, which is shown to be significantly relaxed compared to those of existing fault detection methods. Extensive simulations have also been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2019 ASME

关键词： Fault detection

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