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Statistical Device Simulation and Machine Learning of Process Variation Effects of Vertically Stacked Gate-All-Around Si Nanosheet CFETs

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IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 2024年 23卷 386-392页

作者： Kola, Sekhar Reddy Li, Yiming Butola, Rajat National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

In this study, we report the process variation effect (PVE) including the work function fluctuation (WKF) on the DC/AC characteristic fluctuation of stacked gate-all-around silicon complementary field-effect transistors (CFETs). The PVE affects characteristic fluctuation significantly;in particular, for the variability of off-state current. Owing to the bottom channel of a fin-type, the P-FET suffers from the worst off-state current fluctuation (more than 200% variation) compared to the N-FET. The device variability induced by the WKF is marginal because of amorphous-type metal grains. As input features to an artificial neural network (ANN) model, low and high work function values, as well as parameters of PVE that have prevalent effects on CEFT transfer characteristics are further considered and modeled. The estimated values of R2-score prove that the ANN model properly grasps information from the dataset successfully;thus, it can be used to model emerging CFETs for circuit simulation. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Atrophy of the cholinergic regions advances from early to late mild cognitive impairment

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Neuroradiology 2024年第4期66卷 543-556页

作者： Lai, Ying-Liang Larry Hsu, Fei-Ting Yeh, Shu-Yi Kuo, Yu-Tzu Lin, Hui-Hsien Lin, Yi-Chun Kuo, Li-Wei Chen, Cheng-Yu Liu, Hua-Shan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Taipei Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology China Medical University Taichung Taiwan School of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan CT/MR Division Rotary Trading CO. LTD Taipei Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Institute of Medical Device and Imaging National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging Taipei Medical University Hospital Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Purpose: We investigated the volumetric changes in the components of the cholinergic pathway for patients with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and those with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI). The effect of patients’ apolipoprotein 4 (APOE-ε4) allele status on the structural changes were analyzed. Methods: Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. Patients’ demographic information, plasma data, and validated global cognitive composite scores were included. Relevant features were extracted for constructing machine learning models to differentiate between EMCI (n = 312) and LMCI (n = 541) and predict patients’ neurocognitive function. The data were analyzed primarily through one-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis of covariance. Results: Considerable differences were observed in cholinergic structural changes between patients with EMCI and LMCI. Cholinergic atrophy was more prominent in the LMCI cohort than in the EMCI cohort (P < 0.05 family-wise error corrected). APOE-ε4 differentially affected cholinergic atrophy in the LMCI and EMCI cohorts. For LMCI cohort, APOE-ε4 carriers exhibited increased brain atrophy (left amygdala: P = 0.001;right amygdala: P = 0.006, and right Ch123, P = 0.032). EMCI and LCMI patients showed distinctive associations of gray matter volumes in cholinergic regions with executive (R² = 0.063 and 0.030 for EMCI and LMCI, respectively) and language (R² = 0.095 and 0.042 for EMCI and LMCI, respectively) function. Conclusions: Our data confirmed significant cholinergic atrophy differences between early and late stages of mild cognitive impairment. The impact of the APOE-ε4 allele on cholinergic atrophy varied between the LMCI and EMCI groups. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： APOE-ε4 allele cholinergic pathway Early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) nucleus basalis of Meynert

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Gradient coil design with enhanced shielding constraint for a cryogen-free superconducting MRI system

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 1-9页

作者： Yaohui Wang Weimin Wang Hui Liu Shunzhong Chen Feng Liu Qiuliang Wang Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China School of Electronics&Institute of Biomedical Engineering Peking University&Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQLD4072Australia

The relatively fragile low-temperature stability of cryogen-free superconducting magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)magnets requires the careful management of exogenous heat sources.A strongly shielded gradient magnetic field is important for the optimal operation of cryogen-free MRI *** this study,we present an enhanced shielding method incorporating a regionalized stray field constraining *** optimizing the constraint parameters,we could develop engineering-feasible gradient coil schemes without increasing system complexity but with the stray field intensity reduced by *** real measurement in an integrated MRI system,the developed gradient assembly demonstrated good performance and supported to output images of excellent *** findings suggested that the proposed method could potentially form a useful design paradigm for cryogen-free MRI magnets.

关键词： MRI Gradient coil Superconducting magnet Cryogen-free Magnetic shielding

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Effect of elastin on delamination strength in the porcine aortic tunica media

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Journal of Biorheology 2023年第2期37卷 120-129页

作者： Kurihara, Genki Ujihara, Yoshihiro Nakamura, Masanori Sugita, Shukei Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan

Aortic dissection (AD) is a disease in which the tunica media is separated into two layers and blood flows in the newly created lumen. To elucidate the etiology of AD, we investigated the effect of the decrease in elastin, which occurs in actual AD, on the delamination strength of the aorta. Healthy porcine aortas were purchased, and half specimens were immersed in an elastase solution, for elastin digestion. The delamination test was performed on the specimens in both the circumferential θ and longitudinal z directions. The area fractions of elastin and collagen were measured via a histological analysis, such as Elastica–Masson and Azan stains. In healthy specimens, the delamination strength in the z-direction tended (albeit insignificantly) to be higher than that in the θ-direction. Conversely, in elastase-treated specimens, the delamination strengths in both directions were almost the same and were significantly lower than those recorded in the healthy specimens. The area fraction of elastin, but not of collagen, was significantly lower in elastase-treated specimens compared with control specimens. These results indicate that a decrease in elastin causes a reduction in the delamination strength, especially in the z-direction, which may result in dissection propagation in that direction in AD. © Japanese Society of Biorheology 2023.

关键词： Elastin

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CycleGAN-driven data augmentation for improved neural network disease detection 14

CycleGAN-driven data augmentation for improved neural networ...

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Optics in Health Care and biomedical Optics XIV 2024

作者： Irungu, Annette Waithira Sonoda, Kotaro Kawamoto, Makoto Lami, Kris Fukuoka, Junya Kiyasu, Senya Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan School of Information and Data Sciences Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510682122

Inadequate training data and class imbalances will often affect the generalizability of many deep learning models, primarily those meant to detect rare illnesses. We propose that increasing the number of positive samples would address the difficulty of detecting breast lesions in whole slide images. We employ a controllable image synthesis framework for data augmentation inspired by CycleGAN. We use a semantic mask to guide the image-to-image translation between the healthy and pathological domains. We introduce pathology on healthy whole slide images in a location specified on the binary mask and train our model using adversarial learning. The masks provide exact information about the shape and location of the pathological features, resulting in realistic images that can be used alongside real data. We then add the synthetic images to the real data from the publicly available BReAst Carcinoma Subtyping (BRACS) dataset comprising breast histology images and use the augmented data to detect lesions. When enhanced with classical data augmentation, our enriched dataset increases breast lesion detection capabilities, offering a unique opportunity for early cancer diagnosis. The model trained with the combined data had its area under the curve (AUC) closest to one, implying a minimal risk of missing potential positive diagnoses and the chance to identify potential breast cancer cases early. We demonstrate that leveraging synthetic images as an additional augmentation tool potentially solves the challenge of insufficient pathological data in biomedical imaging. Our code is available on GitHub. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Diseases

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Overcoming the Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier with Docetaxel-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Treatment of Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第17期16卷 21722-21735页

作者： Hsu, Tsung-I Chen, Yi-Ping Zhang, Rong-Lin Chen, Zih-An Wu, Cheng-Hsun Chang, Wen-Chang Mou, Chung-Yuan Chan, Hardy Wai-Hong Wu, Si-Han Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Taipei110 Taiwan International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Nano Targeting & Therapy Biopharma Inc. Taipei110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

While temozolomide (TMZ) has been a cornerstone in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM), a significant challenge has been the emergence of resistance to TMZ, which compromises its clinical benefits. Additionally, the nonspecificity of TMZ can lead to detrimental side effects. Although TMZ is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), our research addresses the need for targeted therapy to circumvent resistance mechanisms and reduce off-target effects. This study introduces the use of PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with octyl group modifications (C8-MSN) as a nanocarrier system for the delivery of docetaxel (DTX), providing a novel approach for treating TMZ-resistant GBM. Our findings reveal that C8-MSN is biocompatible in vitro, and DTX@C8-MSN shows no hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations, maintaining efficacy against GBM cells. Crucially, in vivo imaging demonstrates preferential accumulation of C8-MSN within the tumor region, suggesting enhanced permeability across the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). When administered to orthotopic glioma mouse models, DTX@C8-MSN notably prolongs survival by over 50%, significantly reduces tumor volume, and decreases side effects compared to free DTX, indicating a targeted and effective approach to treatment. The apoptotic pathways activated by DTX@C8-MSN, evidenced by the increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, point to a potent therapeutic mechanism. Collectively, the results advocate DTX@C8-MSN as a promising candidate for targeted therapy in TMZ-resistant GBM, optimizing drug delivery and bioavailability to overcome current therapeutic limitations. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Tumors

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Multichip-to-Wafer Mini-LED Bonding Technology for Photobiomodulation Sheet Devices Using Flexible FOWLP

Multichip-to-Wafer Mini-LED Bonding Technology for Photobiom...

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IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan

作者： Xingyao Guo Tadaaki Hoshi Nishiguchi Daichi Jiayi Shen Chang Liu Tetsu Tanaka Takafumi Fukushima Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering & Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan Graduate School of Engineering & Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350377811

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377828

This paper focuses on flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) fabrication with small dies embedded in a hydrogel flexible substrate based on a redistribution layer (RDL)-first fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) methodology for low-power light therapy called photobiomodulation (PBM). The near-infrared (NIR) mini-LEDs integrated with the hydrogel substrate irradiate tissues with NIR light, promoting chemical reactions within cells and producing analgesic, anti-inflammatory., and tissue regeneration effects. The focus of this study is to lower the bonding temperature and improve the bonding yield of the NIR mini-LEDs in the chip-to-wafer bonding process. Cu/Sn microbumps and a unique ACF (anisotropic conductive film) were employed to enhance the low-temperature repetitive bondabilities.

关键词： Temperature Hydrogels Medical treatment Electric variables Light emitting diodes Chemical reactions Wafer scale integration Bonding Substrates Optical devices

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Mid-infrared Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy System for NonInvasive Blood Component Analysis

Mid-infrared Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy System for...

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biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference 2023

作者： Ito, Hiroto Kino, Saiko Matsuura, Yuji Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University 6-6-05 Aoba Sendai Miyagi980-8579 Japan

A photothermal deflection spectroscopy system detecting heat generated by mid-infrared laser as a change in the refractive index of prism was realized using a small prism and a simple probe optical path. The effective... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781510663435

关键词： Prisms

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The Recurrent U-Net for Needle Segmentation in Ultrasound Image-Guided Surgery 46

The Recurrent U-Net for Needle Segmentation in Ultrasound Im...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Chen, Yao Che, Hui Ji, Zihan Qin, Jiaxin Huang, Yibin Wu, Jian Tsinghua University Institute of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen China Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

In minimally invasive surgery, poor needle visualization under ultrasound has been one of the challenges of the surgery. To improve the resulting puncture error, it is effective to use deep learning from the image level to assist the surgeon in locating the needle tip position and presenting the needle trajectory angle. In this paper, a network structure based on the U-shaped network and convolutional gated recurrent unit is proposed, which could capture the information about the movement of the needle and improve the accuracy of the needle segmentation. The input of the network are three temporally consecutive ultrasound images, and the output is the segmentation of the last frame. The network is trained and tested on our bovine liver dataset containing 192 videos captured from 20 different livers. Our proposed network achieved 85% precision, 86% recall, 85% F1-score, and 76% IoU, and could localize the needle with a mean tip error of 0.66mm and a mean trajectory angle error of 0.72°. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of convolutional neural networks in improving needle visibility for minimally invasive surgical procedures. The incorporation of needle motion information into the network framework significantly boosts the segmentation precision. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging

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Development of a Computational Model For ECT Stimulation Titration 46

Development of a Computational Model For ECT Stimulation Tit...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Flood, Joanne Dokos, Socrates Loo, Colleen University of New South Wales Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Sydney Australia University of New South Wales The Black Dog Institute Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression and other neurological illnesses. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which the dosage and stimulation configuration of ECT induce seizures in the brain remains unknown. Our objective is to create a computational model for ECT titration dosing and determine the relationship between seizure threshold, stimulus dosage, and individual head structure. We use a first-order differential equation combined with realistic head structures from magnetic resonance images of 7 participants. The ECT electric potential distribution was simulated for each head model using the COMSOL 6.1 finite element software. Reasonable predictions were achieved using a simple first-order RC electric circuit, successfully forecasting the seizure threshold for 5 out of 7 participants. Nevertheless, it is notable that one participant was titrated for a much longer period, potentially triggering an additional inhibitory mechanism not accounted for. The inclusion of non-linear dynamics further enhances predictions. The study revealed a time constant of approximately 0.5-3 seconds, indicating a non-ionic membrane component underlying seizure initiation. More probable mechanisms might be a transient rise in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier or the buildup of neurotransmitters. In conclusion, seizure threshold during ECT titration can be predicted using a finite element head model coupled with first-order dynamics. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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