This paper introduces a most frontier solution for minimally invasive laparoscopic vision, an untethered insertable robotic surgical camera (sCAM) system. Several key technologies toward this fully insertable laparosc...
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Arterial tissue failures lead to a number of clinical conditions that develop rapidly and unpredictably in vivo. Structural components and their interfacial mechanical strength of arterial tissue play a critical role ...
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Blood clotting, a process to avoid bleeding, involves vasoconstriction, platelet plug build-up, coagulation, clot retraction and fibrinolysis. During coagulation, blood changes from liquid to gel, and the clot viscoel...
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Ice nucleation is the crucial step for ice formation in atmospheric clouds and therefore underlies climatologically relevant precipitation and radiative properties. Progress has been made in understanding the roles of...
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Ice nucleation is the crucial step for ice formation in atmospheric clouds and therefore underlies climatologically relevant precipitation and radiative properties. Progress has been made in understanding the roles of temperature, supersaturation, and material properties, but an explanation for the efficient ice nucleation occurring when a particle contacts a supercooled water drop has been elusive for over half a century. Here, we explore ice nucleation initiated at constant temperature and observe that mechanical agitation induces freezing of supercooled water drops at distorted contact lines. Results show that symmetric motion of supercooled water on a vertically oscillating substrate does not freeze, no matter how we agitate it. However, when the moving contact line is distorted with the help of trace amounts of oil or inhomogeneous pinning on the substrate, freezing can occur at temperatures much higher than in a static droplet, equivalent to ∼1010 increase in nucleation rate. Several possible mechanisms are proposed to explain the observations. One plausible explanation among them, decreased pressure due to interface curvature, is explored theoretically and compared with the observational results quasiquantitatively. Indeed, the observed freezing-temperature increase scales with contact line speed in a manner consistent with the pressure hypothesis. Whatever the mechanism, the experiments demonstrate a strong preference for ice nucleation at three-phase contact lines compared to the two-phase interface, and they also show that movement and distortion of the contact line are necessary contributions to stimulating the nucleation process.
An optical fiber probe for measurement of water content of oral mucosa is proposed. The probe is composed of silica optical fibers to radiate white light and fibers for detection of diffusely reflected light from the ...
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Multi-functional nanoshuttles for remotely targeted and on-demand delivery of therapeutic molecules and imaging to defined tissues and organs hold great potentials in personalized medicine, including precise early dia...
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Multi-functional nanoshuttles for remotely targeted and on-demand delivery of therapeutic molecules and imaging to defined tissues and organs hold great potentials in personalized medicine, including precise early diagnosis, efficient prevention and therapy without toxicity. Yet, in spite of 25 years of research, there are still no such shuttles available. To this end, we have designed magnetic and gold nanoparticles （NP）-embedded silica nanoshuttles （MGNSs） with nanopores on their surface. Fluorescently labeled Doxombicin （DOX）, a cancer drug, was loaded in the MGNSs as a payload. DOX loaded MGNSs were encapsulated in heat and pH sensitive polymer P（NIPAM-co- MAA） to enable controlled release of the payload. Magnetically-guided transport of MGNSs was examined in： （a） a glass capillary tube to simulate their delivery via blood vessels; and （b） porous hydrogels to simulate their transport in composite human tissues, including bone, cartilage, tendon, muscles and blood-brain barrier {BBB）. The viscoelastic properties of hydrogels were examined by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. Cellular uptake of DOX- loaded MGNSs and the subsequent pH and temperature-mediated release were demonstrated in differentiated human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） as well as epithelial HeLa cells. The presence of embedded iron and gold NPs in silica shells and polymer-coating are supported by SEM and TEM. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy documented DOX loading in the MGNSs. Time-dependent transport of MGNSs guided by an external magnetic field was observed in both glass capillary tubes and in the porous hydrogel. AFM results affirmed that the stiffness of the hydrogels model the rigidity range from soft tissues to bone. pH and temperature-dependent drug release analysis showed stimuli responsive and gradual drug release. Cells＇ viability MTT assays showed that MGNSs are non-toxic. The cell death from on-demand DOX release was observed in both neurons and ep
The application of two biotrickling filters were investigated for the removal of THMs namely CF and DCBM in the presence of co metabolite (BTF-A) and presence of surfactin (BTF-B). The result showed that BTF - B showe...
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The application of two biotrickling filters were investigated for the removal of THMs namely CF and DCBM in the presence of co metabolite (BTF-A) and presence of surfactin (BTF-B). The result showed that BTF - B showed better performance at 5 ppmv THMs concentration as compared to 1:10 co metabolite ratio in BFT-A. Surfactin was introduced in the BTF system as means for enhancing solubility of the mixtures of THMs. Hence, the bioavailability of these mixtures in the system could in this manner be enhanced and obtained more removal efficiency. It can be concluded from this study that the use of BTF with surfactin eliminates the need for co metabolite and provides an effective method for treatment of DBPs.
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