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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhu, Lei Chen, Qian Jin, Lujia You, Yunfei Lu, Yanye Institute of Medical Technology Peking University China Department of Biomedical Engineering Peking University China Institute of Biomedical Engineering Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School China

Classification activation map (CAM), utilizing the classification structure to generate pixel-wise localization maps, is a crucial mechanism for weakly supervised object localization (WSOL). However, CAM directly uses the classifier trained on image-level features to locate objects, making it prefers to discern global discriminative factors rather than regional object cues. Thus only the discriminative locations are activated when feeding pixel-level features into this classifier. To solve this issue, this paper elaborates a plug-and-play mechanism called BagCAMs to better project a well-trained classifier for the localization task without refining or re-training the baseline structure. Our BagCAMs adopts a proposed regional localizer generation (RLG) strategy to define a set of regional localizers and then derive them from a well-trained classifier. These regional localizers can be viewed as the base learner that only discerns region-wise object factors for localization tasks, and their results can be effectively weighted by our BagCAMs to form the final localization map. Experiments indicate that adopting our proposed BagCAMs can improve the performance of baseline WSOL methods to a great extent and obtains state-of-the-art performance on three WSOL benchmarks. Code are released at https://***/zh460045050/BagCAMs. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Distinctive Physical Properties of DNA Shared by Rna Polymerase Ii Gene Promoters and 5´-Flanking Regions of Trna Genes

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Uemura, Kohei Ohyama, Takashi Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Waseda University 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo162-8480 Japan

Numerous noncoding (nc)RNAs have been identified. However, the structural and/or physical properties of the core promoters of long non-coding (lnc)RNA and micro (mi)RNA genes remain largely unexplored, in contrast with those of protein-coding (mRNA) genes. Using their core promoters, we analyzed the repertoire and population ratios of residing core promoter elements (CPEs) and calculated the DNA physical properties (DPPs). Here, we show that their CPE and DPP profiles are similar to those of mRNA gene promoters. Importantly, the core promoters of these three classes of genes have two highly distinctive sites in their DPP profiles around the TSS and position –27. Similar characteristics in DPPs are also found in the 5′-flanking regions of tRNA genes, indicating their common essential roles in transcription initiation over the kingdom of RNA polymerases. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： DNA

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Mental Stress Assessment Using fNIRS and LSTM

Mental Stress Assessment Using fNIRS and LSTM

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2022

作者： Katmah, Rateb Al-Shargie, Fares Tariq, Usman Babiloni, Fabio Al-Mughairbi, Fadwa Al-Nashash, Hasan American University of Sharjah Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Department of Electrical Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates University of Sapienza Rome Department of Molecular Medicine Rome Italy United Arab Emirates University College of Medicines and Health Sciences Al-Ain United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (数字)9781665452588

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452588

Mental stress is a significant factor in the development of a wide variety of psychological, emotional, behavioral, and physical illnesses. It is critical to accurately quantify mental stress, which needs reliable neuroimaging to monitor stress levels. In this work, we used a modified Stroop Color Word Task (SCWT) with time constraints and negative feedback to elicit two distinct degrees of stress in the workplace. We then used salivary alpha amylase (SAA) concurrently with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to quantify the level of stress. We propose Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to decode the two classes of mental stress based on the fNIRS time series. Five-fold cross validation, two LSTM layers, as well as many trainable characteristics were used to construct the network. The induced mental stress increased the level of salivary alpha amylase significantly (p © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Generating corneal panoramic images from contact specular microscope images

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Nagira, Yusuke Hara, Yuzuha Hiwa, Satoru Okumura, Naoki Koizumi, Noriko Hiroyasu, Tomoyuki Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences Doshisha University Japan Department of Biomedical Sciences and Informatics Doshisha University Japan Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences Doshisha University Japan

The contact specular microscope has a wider angle of view than that of the non-contact specular microscope but still cannot capture an image of the entire cornea. To obtain such an image, it is necessary to prepare film on the parts of the image captured sequentially and combine them to create a complete image. This study proposes a framework to automatically generate an entire corneal image from videos captured using a contact specular microscope. Relatively focused images were extracted from the videos and panoramic compositing was performed. If an entire image can be generated, it is possible to detect guttae from the image and examine the extent of their presence. The system was implemented and the effectiveness of the proposed framework was examined. The system was implemented using custom-made composite software, Image Composite Software (ICS, K.I. Technology Co., Ltd., Japan, internal algorithms not disclosed), and a supervised learning model using U-Net was used for guttae detection. Several images were correctly synthesized when the constructed system was applied to 94 different corneal videos obtained from Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) mouse model. The implementation and application of the method to the data in this study confirmed its effectiveness. Owing to the minimal quantitative evaluation performed, such as accuracy with implementation, it may pose some limitations for future investigations. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microscopes

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Computer-aided Detection of Lung Tumors in Chest X-ray Images Using a Bone Suppression Algorithm and A Deep Learning Framework

Computer-aided Detection of Lung Tumors in Chest X-ray Image...

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2021 International Conference on biomedical engineering, ICoBE 2021

作者： Sato, K. Kanno, N. Ishii, T. Saijo, Y. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University Japan Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Japan

Detecting lung tumors in early stage by reading chest X-ray images is important for radical treatments of the disease. In order to decrease the risk of missed lung tumors, diagnosis support systems that can provide the accurate detection of lung tumors are in high demand, and the use of artificial intelligence with deep learning is one of the promising solutions. In our research, we aim to improve the accuracy of a deep learning-based system for detecting lung tumors by developing a bone suppression algorithm as a preprocessing for the machine-learning model. Our bone suppression algorithm was devised for conventional single-shot chest X-ray images, which do not rely on a specific type of imaging systems. 604 chest X-ray images were processed using the proposed algorithm and evaluated by combining it with a U-net deep learning model. The results showed that the bone suppression algorithm successfully improved the performance of the deep learning model to identify the location of lung tumors (Intersection over Union) from 0.085 (without the bone suppression algorithm) to 0.142, as well as the ability to classify the lung cancer (Area under Curve) that increased from 0.700 to 0.736. The bone suppression algorithm would be useful to improve the accuracy and the reliability of the deep learning-based diagnosis support systems for detecting lung cancer in mass medical examinations. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biological organs

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In Vitro Degradation of Polydioxanone (PDO) Lifting Threads in Microfocused Ultrasound

In Vitro Degradation of Polydioxanone (PDO) Lifting Threads ...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： M. H. R. Silva A. Raybolt W. C. A. Pereira Biomedical Engineering Program - COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350390490

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390506

Objective: Analyze the static degradation time of polydioxanone (PDO) threads with or without the association of microfocused ultrasound, which are techniques for aesthetic purposes. Materials and Methods: In vitro assays were conducted in isotonic solution using smooth polydioxanone (PDO) threads divided into 2 groups (n=3): FPL (Smooth Polydioxanone Thread) and FPLU (Smooth Polydioxanone Thread with Ultrasound). The FPLU group underwent microfocused ultrasound. Both groups endured the following analyses: UV spectroscopy Absorbance and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: Absorbance by UV spectroscopy: The concentration levels of molecules in the aliquots showed that at 8 days both FPL and FPLU groups exhibited absorbance levels of 0.0040 (mol −1 /*** −1 ) and 0.00585 (mol −1 /*** −1 ), respectively. At 30 days, these levels were 0.0799 (mol −1 /*** −1 ) and 0.0543 (mol −1 /*** −1 ). At 60 days, the FPLU group showed significant increase to 0.2039 (mol −1 /*** −1 ) compared to the FPL group at 0.1152 (mol −1 /*** −1 ) reaching a degradation peaks at 60 days. At 90 days, the FPL group presented 0.1299 (mol −1 /*** −1 ) and the FPLU group presented 0.2377 (mol −1 /*** −1 ). SEM: Morphological differences were observed in both groups. Conclusion: FPLU group showed higher absorbance over time. Microfocused ultrasound accelerated degradation time PDO threads, diminishing its functionality.

关键词： Degradation Scanning electron microscopy Spectroscopy In vivo Ultrasonic imaging In vitro Physics

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Fabrication of Al Matrix Composites Reinforced with TiC and GNPs by Spark Plasma Sintering at Different Temperatures 6

Fabrication of Al Matrix Composites Reinforced with TiC and ...

引用

6th International Conference on ThermoMechanical Processing, TMP 2022

作者： Lin, Fei Ren, Mengyuan Yang, Ming Chen, Zhixin Jiang, Zhengyi School of Mechanical Materials Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong WollongongNSW2522 Australia Graduate School of System Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Hino-shi Tokyo191-0065 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9787502492441

Al matrix composites reinforced with TiC nanoparticles and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were fabricated by powder metallurgy (ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering at different temperatures ranging from 475 to 550 °C). The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructures, Vickers hardness and wear resistance of the composites were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of sintering temperature, the densification of the composite is increased and the interfacial bonding between the reinforcements and the matrix is improved. In addition, Vickers hardness and wear resistance are improved significantly as the sintering temperature increases. The highest Vickers hardness and lowest specific wear rate are obtained in the composite sintered at 550 °C among all the samples, which are 145.2 HV and 0.0114 mm3/Nm, respectively. This study provides a theoretical reference for the determination of the optimal SPS process for the fabrication TiC-GNPs reinforced AMCs with excellent mechanical and tribological properties. © TMP 2022 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titanium carbide

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The research of factors influencing advanced medical robot use

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Quality and Quantity 2021年第2期55卷 385-393页

作者： Hung, Chin-Liang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

To understand the factors influencing medical robot use, this study developed a conceptual model and hypothesized that personal innovativeness in IT, perceived usefulness of IT and perceived ease of use of IT positively affect attitude toward medical robots, which in turn facilitates medical robot intention and medical robot use. By analyzing data from 276 surveys from Taiwan’s respondents who have employed medical robots, we demonstrate a positive effect of personal innovativeness in IT, perceived usefulness of IT and perceived ease of use of IT on attitude toward medical robots. In addition, attitude toward medical robots has a positive effect on medical robot intention and medical robot use. The main implications of study for medical robots firms are to conduct business activities to stress perceived usefulness of IT and perceived ease of use of IT, they can use Ads to describe the functions and advantages to draw user’ attitude toward medical robots. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.

关键词： Attitude toward medical robots Medical robot intention Medical robot use Perceived ease of use of IT Perceived usefulness of IT Personal innovativeness in IT

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A Micro-flow Phantom for Superficial Micro-vasculature Imaging

A Micro-flow Phantom for Superficial Micro-vasculature Imagi...

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2021 International Conference on biomedical engineering, ICoBE 2021

作者： Bhatti, A. Ishii, T. Saijo, Y. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University Japan Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Japan

Visualization of cutaneous micro-vasculatures is a powerful approach assisting in the diagnosis of skin vascular disorders. These minute structures can be visualized by high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) using ultrafast Doppler imaging. Ultrasound flow phantoms have been used as assessment tools to evaluate the performance of the ultrasound imaging system, however, to optimize the imaging system for visualization of micro-structures, flow phantom with micro-channels is required which are usually difficult to fabricate. Here, we design a simple approach for micro-flow phantom which is easy to fabricate and cast for detection of microcirculation in superficial micro-structures. The proposed approach features (i) the micro-channels of 200-micron at the depth of 4 mm (ii) casted in the cryogel mixture of Poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) and (iii) infused at flow speed of 30 mm/s using infusion pump. Visualization of micro-flow channel in power Doppler image obtained by HFUS ultrafast Doppler imaging reveals that the proposed micro-flow phantom could serve as a viable assessment tool for optimizing the system for in-vivo cutaneous micro-vasculature imaging. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phantoms

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The modified Allen test and a novel objective screening algorithm for hand collateral circulation using differential photoplethysmography for preoperative assessment: a pilot study

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Journal of Medical engineering and Technology 2020年第2期44卷 82-93页

作者： Elwali, Ahmed Moussavi, Zahra Biomedical Engineering Program University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

Hand-ischemia and artery-thrombosis are serious complications of hand artery cannulation/grafting. Screening the patency of hand arteries reduces the complications. Modified Allen Test (MAT), Barbeau's test, and Doppler/Duplex-ultrasonic test screen hand arterial patency. Each of them, however, either lacks objectivity, requires subject cooperation, or is not readily available in operating rooms. In this pilot study, we aim to provide a novel, objective, reliable, and inexpensive alternative using differential photo-plethysmography (PPG) measurement, and an artery selection algorithm. For 11 participants, MAT was executed, and PPG measurements of the thumb and little fingers were recorded for left and right hands separately. For each hand, four evaluations were conducted, then fed into the artery selection algorithm. Our proposed procedure has shown congruent results with the anatomy of blood circulation. It identified two arteries in two participants causing >50% blood reduction in the hand due to their occlusion. It also showed an elevated risk of accessing an artery in another 8 participants. Once the results of this study are confirmed in larger samples, the proposed procedure/algorithm may provide many indicators of the hand blood circulation, the effect of an artery occlusion on the hand, and a recommendation for selecting the best artery to access with the lowest possible complications. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Diseases

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