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Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top quark pair production in pp collisions at s=8 TeV using a template method

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physical Review D 2016年第3期93卷 034014-034014页

作者： V. Khachatryan A. M. Sirunyan A. Tumasyan W. Adam E. Asilar T. Bergauer J. Brandstetter E. Brondolin M. Dragicevic J. Erö M. Flechl M. Friedl R. Frühwirth V. M. Ghete C. Hartl N. Hörmann J. Hrubec M. Jeitler V. Knünz A. König M. Krammer I. Krätschmer D. Liko T. Matsushita I. Mikulec D. Rabady B. Rahbaran H. Rohringer J. Schieck R. Schöfbeck J. Strauss W. Treberer-Treberspurg W. Waltenberger C.-E. Wulz V. Mossolov N. Shumeiko J. Suarez Gonzalez S. Alderweireldt T. Cornelis E. A. De Wolf X. Janssen A. Knutsson J. Lauwers S. Luyckx S. Ochesanu R. Rougny M. Van De Klundert H. Van Haevermaet P. Van Mechelen N. Van Remortel A. Van Spilbeeck S. Abu Zeid F. Blekman J. D’Hondt N. Daci I. De Bruyn K. Deroover N. Heracleous J. Keaveney S. Lowette L. Moreels A. Olbrechts Q. Python D. Strom S. Tavernier W. Van Doninck P. Van Mulders G. P. Van Onsem I. Van Parijs P. Barria C. Caillol B. Clerbaux G. De Lentdecker H. Delannoy G. Fasanella L. Favart A. P. R. Gay A. Grebenyuk T. Lenzi A. Léonard T. Maerschalk A. Marinov L. Perniè A. Randle-conde T. Reis T. Seva C. Vander Velde P. Vanlaer R. Yonamine F. Zenoni F. Zhang K. Beernaert L. Benucci A. Cimmino S. Crucy D. Dobur A. Fagot G. Garcia M. Gul J. Mccartin A. A. Ocampo Rios D. Poyraz D. Ryckbosch S. Salva M. Sigamani N. Strobbe M. Tytgat W. Van Driessche E. Yazgan N. Zaganidis S. Basegmez C. Beluffi O. Bondu S. Brochet G. Bruno R. Castello A. Caudron L. Ceard G. G. Da Silveira C. Delaere D. Favart L. Forthomme A. Giammanco J. Hollar A. Jafari P. Jez M. Komm V. Lemaitre A. Mertens C. Nuttens L. Perrini A. Pin K. Piotrzkowski A. Popov L. Quertenmont M. Selvaggi M. Vidal Marono N. Beliy G. H. Hammad W. L. Aldá Júnior G. A. Alves L. Brito M. Correa Martins Junior M. Hamer C. Hensel C. Mora Herrera A. Moraes M. E. Pol P. Rebello Teles E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas W. Carvalho J. Chinellato A. Custódio E. M. Da Costa D. De Jesus Damiao C. De Oliveira Martins S. Fonseca De Souza L. M. Huertas Guativa H. Malbouisson D. Matos Figueiredo L. Mundim H. Nogima W. L. Prado Da Silva A. Santoro Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik der OeAW Wien Austria National Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics Minsk Belarus Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Université de Mons Mons Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo Brazil Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria National Centre for Physics Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics Cairo Egypt National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia Department of Physics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Helsinki Institute of Physics Helsinki Finland Lappeenranta University of Technology Lappeenranta Finland DSM/IRFU CEA/Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique IN2P3-CNRS Palaiseau France Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Université de Strasbourg Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse CNRS/IN2P3 Strasbourg France Centre de Calcul de l’Institut Natio

The charge asymmetry in the production of top quark and antiquark pairs is measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1, were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Events with a single isolated electron or muon, and four or more jets, at least one of which is likely to have originated from hadronization of a bottom quark, are selected. A template technique is used to measure the asymmetry in the distribution of differences in the top quark and antiquark absolute rapidities. The measured asymmetry is Acy=[0.33±0.26(stat)±0.33(syst)]%, which is the most precise result to date. The results are compared to calculations based on the standard model and on several beyond-the-standard-model scenarios.

关键词： Top quark C-symmetry Hadron colliders

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Search for single production of scalar leptoquarks in proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV

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physical Review D 2016年第3期93卷 032005-032005页

作者： V. Khachatryan A. M. Sirunyan A. Tumasyan W. Adam E. Asilar T. Bergauer J. Brandstetter E. Brondolin M. Dragicevic J. Erö M. Flechl M. Friedl R. Frühwirth V. M. Ghete C. Hartl N. Hörmann J. Hrubec M. Jeitler V. Knünz A. König M. Krammer I. Krätschmer D. Liko T. Matsushita I. Mikulec D. Rabady B. Rahbaran H. Rohringer J. Schieck R. Schöfbeck J. Strauss W. Treberer-Treberspurg W. Waltenberger C.-E. Wulz V. Mossolov N. Shumeiko J. Suarez Gonzalez S. Alderweireldt T. Cornelis E. A. De Wolf X. Janssen A. Knutsson J. Lauwers S. Luyckx S. Ochesanu R. Rougny M. Van De Klundert H. Van Haevermaet P. Van Mechelen N. Van Remortel A. Van Spilbeeck S. Abu Zeid F. Blekman J. D’Hondt N. Daci I. De Bruyn K. Deroover N. Heracleous J. Keaveney S. Lowette L. Moreels A. Olbrechts Q. Python D. Strom S. Tavernier W. Van Doninck P. Van Mulders G. P. Van Onsem I. Van Parijs P. Barria C. Caillol B. Clerbaux G. De Lentdecker H. Delannoy D. Dobur G. Fasanella L. Favart A. P. R. Gay A. Grebenyuk T. Lenzi A. Léonard T. Maerschalk A. Mohammadi L. Perniè A. Randle-conde T. Reis T. Seva L. Thomas C. Vander Velde P. Vanlaer J. Wang F. Zenoni F. Zhang K. Beernaert L. Benucci A. Cimmino S. Crucy A. Fagot G. Garcia M. Gul J. Mccartin A. A. Ocampo Rios D. Poyraz D. Ryckbosch S. Salva M. Sigamani N. Strobbe M. Tytgat W. Van Driessche E. Yazgan N. Zaganidis S. Basegmez C. Beluffi O. Bondu G. Bruno R. Castello A. Caudron L. Ceard G. G. Da Silveira C. Delaere D. Favart L. Forthomme A. Giammanco J. Hollar A. Jafari P. Jez M. Komm V. Lemaitre A. Mertens C. Nuttens L. Perrini A. Pin K. Piotrzkowski A. Popov L. Quertenmont M. Selvaggi M. Vidal Marono N. Beliy T. Caebergs G. H. Hammad W. L. Aldá Júnior G. A. Alves L. Brito M. Correa Martins Junior T. Dos Reis Martins C. Hensel C. Mora Herrera A. Moraes M. E. Pol P. Rebello Teles E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas W. Carvalho J. Chinellato A. Custódio E. M. Da Costa D. De Jesus Damiao C. De Oliveira Martins S. Fonseca De Souza L. M. Huertas Guativa H. Malbouisson D. Matos Figueiredo L. Mundim H. Nogima W. L. Prado Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik der OeAW Wien Austria National Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics Minsk Belarus Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Université de Mons Mons Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo Brazil Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria National Centre for Physics Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennesse 37235 USA Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics Cairo Egypt National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia Department of Physics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Helsinki Institute of Physics Helsinki Finland Lappeenranta University of Technology Lappeenranta Finland DSM/IRFU CEA/Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique IN2P3-CNRS Palaiseau France Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Université de Strasbourg Université de Haute Alsace Mul

A search is presented for the production of both first- and second-generation scalar leptoquarks with a final state of either two electrons and one jet or two muons and one jet. The search is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy s=8 TeV recorded with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1. Upper limits are set on both the first- and second-generation leptoquark production cross sections as functions of the leptoquark mass and the leptoquark couplings to a lepton and a quark. Results are compared with theoretical predictions to obtain lower limits on the leptoquark mass. At 95% confidence level, single production of first-generation leptoquarks with a coupling and branching fraction of 1.0 is excluded for masses below 1730 GeV, and second-generation leptoquarks with a coupling and branching fraction of 1.0 is excluded for masses below 530 GeV. These are the best overall limits on the production of first-generation leptoquarks to date.

关键词： Supersymmetric models Hadron colliders Leptoquarks Superpartners

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Measurement of the differential cross sections for top quark pair production as a function of kinematic event variables in pp collisions at s=7 and 8 TeV

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physical Review D 2016年第5期94卷 052006-052006页

作者： V. Khachatryan A. M. Sirunyan A. Tumasyan W. Adam E. Asilar T. Bergauer J. Brandstetter E. Brondolin M. Dragicevic J. Erö M. Flechl M. Friedl R. Frühwirth V. M. Ghete C. Hartl N. Hörmann J. Hrubec M. Jeitler V. Knünz A. König M. Krammer I. Krätschmer D. Liko T. Matsushita I. Mikulec D. Rabady B. Rahbaran H. Rohringer J. Schieck R. Schöfbeck J. Strauss W. Treberer-Treberspurg W. Waltenberger C.-E. Wulz V. Mossolov N. Shumeiko J. Suarez Gonzalez S. Alderweireldt T. Cornelis E. A. De Wolf X. Janssen A. Knutsson J. Lauwers S. Luyckx S. Ochesanu R. Rougny M. Van De Klundert H. Van Haevermaet P. Van Mechelen N. Van Remortel A. Van Spilbeeck S. Abu Zeid F. Blekman J. D’Hondt N. Daci I. De Bruyn K. Deroover N. Heracleous J. Keaveney S. Lowette L. Moreels A. Olbrechts Q. Python D. Strom S. Tavernier W. Van Doninck P. Van Mulders G. P. Van Onsem I. Van Parijs P. Barria C. Caillol B. Clerbaux G. De Lentdecker H. Delannoy G. Fasanella L. Favart A. P. R. Gay A. Grebenyuk G. Karapostoli T. Lenzi A. Léonard T. Maerschalk A. Marinov L. Perniè A. Randle-conde T. Reis T. Seva C. Vander Velde P. Vanlaer R. Yonamine F. Zenoni F. Zhang K. Beernaert L. Benucci A. Cimmino S. Crucy D. Dobur A. Fagot G. Garcia M. Gul J. Mccartin A. A. Ocampo Rios D. Poyraz D. Ryckbosch S. Salva M. Sigamani N. Strobbe M. Tytgat W. Van Driessche E. Yazgan N. Zaganidis S. Basegmez C. Beluffi O. Bondu S. Brochet G. Bruno R. Castello A. Caudron L. Ceard G. G. Da Silveira C. Delaere D. Favart L. Forthomme A. Giammanco J. Hollar A. Jafari P. Jez M. Komm V. Lemaitre A. Mertens C. Nuttens L. Perrini A. Pin K. Piotrzkowski A. Popov L. Quertenmont M. Selvaggi M. Vidal Marono N. Beliy G. H. Hammad W. L. Aldá Júnior G. A. Alves L. Brito M. Correa Martins Junior M. Hamer C. Hensel C. Mora Herrera A. Moraes M. E. Pol P. Rebello Teles E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas W. Carvalho J. Chinellato A. Custódio E. M. Da Costa D. De Jesus Damiao C. De Oliveira Martins S. Fonseca De Souza L. M. Huertas Guativa H. Malbouisson D. Matos Figueiredo L. Mundim H. Nogima W. L. Prado Da S Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik der OeAW Wien Austria National Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics Minsk Belarus Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Université de Mons Mons Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo Brazil Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria National Centre for Physics Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics Cairo Egypt National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia Department of Physics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Helsinki Institute of Physics Helsinki Finland Lappeenranta University of Technology Lappeenranta Finland IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique IN2P3-CNRS Palaiseau France Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Université de Strasbourg Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse CNRS/IN2P3 Strasbourg France Centre de Calcul de l’

Measurements are reported of the normalized differential cross sections for top quark pair production with respect to four kinematic event variables: the missing transverse energy; the scalar sum of the jet transverse momentum (pT); the scalar sum of the pT of all objects in the event; and the pT of leptonically decaying W bosons from top quark decays. The data sample, collected using the CMS detector at the LHC, consists of 5.0 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV and 19.7 fb−1 at s=8 TeV. Top quark pair events containing one electron or muon are selected. The results are presented after correcting for detector effects to allow direct comparison with theoretical predictions. No significant deviations from the predictions of several standard model event simulation generators are observed.

关键词： Top quark Hadron colliders

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Structural Basis for Calcium and Magnesium Regulation of a Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel with β1 Subunits

Structural Basis for Calcium and Magnesium Regulation of a L...

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The 10th Chinese Symposium on Calcium Signaling(第十届全国钙信号和细胞功能研讨会)

作者： Hao-Wen Liu Pan-Pan Hou Xi-Ying Guo Zhi-Wen Zhao Bin Hu Xia Li Lu-Yang Wang Jiu-Ping Ding Sheng Wang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute & Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Canada M5G 1X8

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Structural Basis for Calcium and Magnesium Regulation of a Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel with 1 Subunits

Structural Basis for Calcium and Magnesium Regulation of a L...

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10th IST Asia Pacific Congress on Animal , Plant and Microbial Toxins(第十届亚太国际动物植物微生物毒素学术大会)

作者： Hao-Wen Liu Pan-Pan Hou Xi-Ying Guo Zhi-Wen Zhao Bin Hu Xia Li Lu-Yang Wang Jiu-Ping Ding Sheng Wang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China Program in Neurosciences and Mental HealthSickKids Research Institute &Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada M5G 1X8

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Long-distance quantum communication through any number of entanglement-swapping operations

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physical Review A 2014年第3期90卷 032304-032304页

作者： Aeysha Khalique Barry C. Sanders School of Natural Sciences National University of Sciences and Technology H-12 Islamabad Pakistan Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 China Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Ontario M5G 1Z8 Canada

We develop a theory and accompanying mathematical model for quantum communication via any number of intermediate entanglement-swapping operations and solve numerically for up to three intermediate entanglement-swapping operations. Our model yields two-photon interference visibilities postselected on photon counts at the intermediate entanglement-swapping stations. Realistic experimental conditions are accommodated through the parametric down-conversion rate, photon-counter efficiencies and dark-count rates, and instrument and transmission losses. We calculate achievable quantum communication distances such that two-photon interference visibility exceeds the Bell-inequality threshold.

关键词： Quantum communication

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Differences in age modulates neutrophils function

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2014年第1期4卷 51-58页

作者： Claudia J. Lagranha Tatiana C. Alba-Loureiro Aline Isabel da Silva Danuta Duarte Bezerra de Lima Anderson Apolonio Pedroza Diorginis Ferreira Tania Pithon-Curi Department of Nutrition Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Department of Physical Education and Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco Vitoria de Santo Ant&atilde o Brazil Department of Physiology and Biophysics Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S&atilde o Paulo S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science Biological Sciences and Health Center Cruzeiro do Sul University Sao Paulo Brazil

The sexual maturation in all mammals is the period in which the quiescent gonads are activated by gonadotropins from anterior pituitary, increasing the secretion of sexual hormones. Sexual maturation it is also related with the development of several other body features such as body mass and maturation of the circulatory, skeletal and hematopoietic systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the function of neutrophils submitted to in vivo lower and higher concentration of testosterone (sexually immature: 60 days and sexually mature: 90 days). Using different approaches we evaluated cell viability and function and gene expression in rat neutrophils from 60 and 90 days-old animals. Neutrophils from 90 days-old rats showed a decrease in phagocytic and fungicidal capacity, without change in cellular viability. Additionally, we verified that sexual maturation induced increase in production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and also in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines. In conclusion, our data suggest that increase in testosterone levels induced significant alteration in neutrophil function, impairing phagocytic capacity.

关键词： Testosterone Neutrophils Function NADPH-Oxidase Components Sexual Maturation

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Evolutionary algorithms for hard quantum control

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physical Review A 2014年第3期90卷 032310-032310页

作者： Ehsan Zahedinejad Sophie Schirmer Barry C. Sanders Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 College of Science Swansea University Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP Wales United Kingdom Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California at Santa Barbara California 93106-4030 USA Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1Z8 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China

Although quantum control typically relies on greedy (local) optimization, traps (irregular critical points) in the control landscape can make optimization hard by foiling local search strategies. We demonstrate the failure of greedy algorithms as well as the (nongreedy) genetic-algorithm method to realize two fast quantum computing gates: a qutrit phase gate and a controlled-not gate. We show that our evolutionary algorithm circumvents the trap to deliver effective quantum control in both instances. Even when greedy algorithms succeed, our evolutionary algorithm can deliver a superior control procedure, for example, reducing the need for high time resolution.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Effects of temperature and ground-state coherence decay on enhancement and amplification in a Δ atomic system

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physical Review A 2014年第4期90卷 043859-043859页

作者： Manukumara Manjappa Satya Sainadh Undurti Asha Karigowda Andal Narayanan Barry C. Sanders Raman Research Institute Bangalore 560080 India Department of Physics Kuvempu University Shivamogga 577451 India Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Ontario M5G 1Z8 Canada Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 China

We study phase-sensitive amplification of electromagnetically induced transparency in a warm Rb85 vapor wherein a microwave driving field couples the two lower-energy states of a Λ energy-level system thereby transforming into a Δ system. Our theoretical description includes effects of ground-state coherence decay and temperature effects. In particular, we demonstrate that driving-field-enhanced electromagnetically induced transparency is robust against significant loss of coherence between ground states. We also show that for specific field intensities, a threshold rate of ground-state coherence decay exists at every temperature. This threshold separates the probe-transmittance behavior into two regimes: probe amplification vs probe attenuation. Thus, electromagnetically induced transparency plus amplification is possible at any temperature in a Δ system.

关键词： Probes

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Effect of handle length and microsphere size on transition kinetics in single-molecule experiments

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physical Review E 2013年第1期87卷 012721-012721页

作者： Jen-Chien Chang Michel de Messieres Arthur La Porta Department of Physics Institute for Physical Science and Technology Biophysics Program University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA.

When subject to constant tension, a DNA or RNA hairpin will typically make abrupt transitions between the open and closed state. Although the transition kinetics are an intrinsic property of the molecule, the transition rates measured in single-molecule experiments can be influenced by the configuration of the measurement system. We investigate the transition kinetics for a DNA hairpin held under constant force by an optical trap as a function of microsphere size and double-stranded DNA handle length. We find the apparent transition lifetime cannot be expressed as a function of the drag coefficient of the microsphere alone or as a function of time scales relevant to the optical trap. The apparent transition lifetime is found to be a linear function of the factor βeff·αhandle, where βeff is the effective drag coefficient of the microsphere near the surface and αhandle is the stiffness of the DNA tether. The results provide insight into the perturbation to the hairpin transition kinetics due to experimental configuration and guidance for designing single-molecule experiments which determine the intrinsic molecular kinetics.

关键词： DNA

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