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Α γ-tubulin complex-dependent pathway suppresses ciliogenesis by promoting cilia disassembly

Cell Reports 2022年第7期41卷 000-000页

作者： Shankar, Sahana Hsu, Zi-Ting Ezquerra, Artur Li, Chien-Chien Huang, Tzu-Lun Coyaud, Etienne Viais, Ricardo Grauffel, Cédric Raught, Brian Lim, Carmay Lüders, Jens Tsai, Su-Yi Hsia, Kuo-Chiang Molecular and Cell Biology Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Defense Medical Center Taipei 11490 Taiwan Institute of Molecular Biology Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona 08028 Spain Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network 101 College Street Toronto M5G 1L7 ON Canada Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Toronto M5G 1L7 ON Canada Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Life Sciences National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan

The primary cilium, a microtubule-based sensory organelle, undergoes cycles of assembly and disassembly that govern the cell cycle progression critical to cell proliferation and differentiation. Although cilia assembly has been studied extensively, the molecular mechanisms underlying cilia disassembly are less well understood. Here, we uncover a γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC)-dependent pathway that promotes cilia disassembly and thereby prevents cilia formation. We further demonstrate that Kif2A, a kinesin motor that bears microtubule-depolymerizing activity, is recruited to the cilium basal body in a γ-TuRC-dependent manner. Our mechanistic analyses show that γ-TuRC specifically recruits Kif2A via the GCP2 subunit and its binding partner Mzt2. Hence, despite the long-standing view that γ-TuRC acts mainly as a microtubule template, we illustrate that its functional heterogeneity at the basal body facilitates both microtubule nucleation and Kif2A recruitment-mediated regulation of ciliogenesis, ensuring cell cycle progression. © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： cell cycle ciliogenesis CP: Molecular biology kinesin motor microtubule primary cilium γ-tubulin ring complex

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Graphene-based analog of single-slit electron diffraction

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physical Review B 2023年第12期108卷 125420-125420页

作者： Dipanjan Saha Dacen Waters Ching-Chen Yeh Swapnil M. Mhatre Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran Heather M. Hill Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi David B. Newell Matthew Yankowitz Albert F. Rigosi Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Joint Quantum Institute University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA

In this paper, we report on the experimental demonstration of single-slit diffraction exhibited by electrons propagating in encapsulated graphene with an effective de Broglie wavelength corresponding to their attributes as massless Dirac fermions. Nanometer-scale device designs were implemented to fabricate a single-slit followed by five detector paths. Predictive calculations were also utilized to readily understand the observations reported. These calculations required the modeling of wave propagation in ideal case scenarios of the reported device designs to more accurately describe the observed single-slit phenomenon. This experiment was performed at room temperature and 190 K, where data from the latter highlighted the exaggerated asymmetry between electrons and holes, recently ascribed to slightly different Fermi velocities near the K point. This observation and device concept may be used for building diffraction switches with versatile applicability.

关键词： Interference & diffraction of light Electrons Graphene

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BPS2025 - Improving the force field for lipid interactions with calcium and beryllium

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Biophysical Journal 2025年第3期124卷 153a-153a页

作者： Jessica Bodosa Sergei I. Sukharev Jeffery B. Klauda Biophysics Program University of Maryland College Park College Park MD USA Department of Biology and Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park MD USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA

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Artificial intelligence goes from predicting structure to predicting stability

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2025年第1期5卷 75-76页

作者： Gary J.Pielak Conggang Li Maili Liu Department of Chemistry Department of Biochemistry&BiophysicsLineberger Cancer Centerand Integrative Program for Biological and Genome SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599United States Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsNational Center for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanWuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

AlphaFold[1]has turned everyone into a structural *** need for knowledge of Fourier transforms or spectral density,driven by artificial intelligence(AI),all one needs to do is enter the primary structure of a folded p... 详细信息

关键词： structure. structure predicting

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Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80 complex enable responsive spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2020年第7期12卷 486-498页

作者： Ping Gui Divine M.Sedzro Xiao Yuan Sikai Liu Mohan Hei Wei Tian Najdat Zohbi Fangwei Wang Yihan Yao Felix O.Aikhionbare Xinjiao Gao Dongmei Wang Xuebiao Yao Zhen Dou MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310USA Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules,which is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint(SAC)*** an upstream factor of SAC,the precise and dynamic kinetochore localization of Mps1 kinase is critical for initiating and silencing SAC ***,the underlying molecular mechanism remains ***,we demonstrated that the multisite interactions between Mps1 and Ndc80 complex(Ndc80C)govern Mps1 kinetochore ***,we identified direct interaction between Mps1 tetratricopeptide repeat domain and *** further identified that Mps1 C-terminal fragment,which contains the protein kinase domain and C-tail,enhances Mps1 kinetochore ***,Mps1 C-terminal fragment mediates its *** of C-tail attenuates the kinetochore targeting and activity of Mps1,leading to aberrant mitosis due to compromised SAC *** together,our study highlights the importance of Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80C in enabling responsive SAC signaling.

关键词： mitosis spindle assembly checkpoint kinetochore Mps1 kinase Ndc80 complex

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Effects of arch support on gait and postural control in middle-aged and older adults

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Gait & Posture 2025年 121卷 251-257页

作者： Leyi Jiang Yinglu Hong Gaoyuan He Yuncong Zhou Dapeng Bao Junhong Zhou Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring Beijing Sport University Beijing China Movement and Cognitive Rehabilitation Science Program Department of Kinesiology and Health Education University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA China Basketball College Beijing Sport University Beijing China Department of Physical Education and Research China University of Mining & Technology Beijing China China Institute of Sport and Health Science Beijing Sport University Beijing China Medical examination center Peking University Third Hospital North Garden Road & 49 Beijing China Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Objective In this study, we examined the effects of arch support on middle-aged and older adults’ gait and postural control. Methods Forty-five middle-aged and older adults completed four study visits. On the first visit, the physical characteristics of each participant were determined. On each of the other three visits, participants completed the protocol under three different conditions: arch supportive footwear (SF), non-supportive footwear (NF), and barefoot (BF). Then participants first performed the single-leg stance test (SLST) and standing postural sway test (SPST). This was followed by a walking assessment (WA), with walking data recorded using wireless sensors. Finally, participants completed a 5-minute energy cost of walking test (CWT) on a treadmill. Results It was observed that compared to BF, SF had significantly longer time on SLST in CF condition ( p  = 0.036). However, for COP area in EC condition and mean velocity of COP in EO or EC condition, SF participants had significantly increased compared to BF ( p  < 0.046). In addition, SF had significantly higher energy cost of walking compared to BF ( p  < 0.033). Conclusion This study demonstrated that arch support can help single leg standing balance and improve walking performance by increasing stride length.

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Evidence of Microplastic Uptake by Mud Clam (Polymesoda Erosa) in the Mangrove Sediments of Butuan Bay, Mindanao, Philippines

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Navarro, Carl Kenneth Piamonte Arcadio, Cris Gel Loui A. Capangpangan, Rey Y. Bacosa, Hernando P. Environmental Science Graduate Program Department of Biological Sciences College of Science and Mathematics Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City Lanao del Norte9200 Philippines Environmental Science Program College of Arts and Sciences Agusan Del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology Agusan del Sur Bunawan8506 Philippines Palawan Bataraza5306 Philippines Mindanao State University-Main Campus Lanao del Sur Marawi9700 Philippines REY Laboratories Research Division Mindanao State University at Naawan Misamis Oriental Naawan9023 Philippines Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics College of Marine and Allied Sciences Mindanao State University at Naawan Misamis Oriental Naawan9023 Philippines

Being filter feeders, bivalves are highly susceptible to pollution, as they inadvertently ingest various particles suspended in the water column which include plastic debris. This study aimed to investigate the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by Polymesoda erosa, a species commonly found in the mangroves of Cabadbaran, Buenavista, and Nasipit in Butuan Bay, Mindanao, Philippines. The average MP count per individual mud clam was 0.22 particles. Among the three study areas, Buenavista exhibited the highest MP density (0.24/P. erosa), followed by Cabadbaran (0.22/P. erosa) and Nasipit (0.20/P. erosa). This variation underscores the relationship between MP concentrations and geographic location, as well as diverse human impacts on these environments. The predominant type of microplastics observed was fibers (93%), with blue-colored microplastics being the most prevalent (56%). Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR– FTIR) spectroscopy was used to assess the polymer type of microplastics. Results revealed a total of seven polymer types, dominated by ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which together account for 70% of the isolated microplastics from the mud clam samples. These findings will serve as a vital foundational dataset in drafting significant environmental legislation aimed at addressing the region's plastic pollution problem. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Enhancing the Electron Pair Approximation with Measurements on Trapped Ion Quantum Computers

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhao, Luning Goings, Joshua Wang, Qingfeng Shin, Kyujin Kyoung, Woomin Noh, Seunghyo Rhee, Young Min Kim, Kyungmin IonQ Inc College ParkMD20740 United States Chemical Physics Program Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Materials Research & Engineering Center CTO Division Hyundai Motor Company Uiwang16082 Korea Republic of Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of

The electron pair approximation offers a resource efficient variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) approach for quantum chemistry simulations on quantum computers. With the number of entangling gates scaling quadratically with system size and a constant energy measurement overhead, the orbital optimized unitary pair coupled cluster double (oo-upCCD) ansatz strikes a balance between accuracy and efficiency on today’s quantum computers. However, the electron pair approximation makes the method incapable of producing quantitatively accurate energy predictions. In order to improve the accuracy without increasing the circuit depth, we explore the idea of reduced density matrix (RDM) based second order perturbation theory (PT2) as an energetic correction to electron pair approximation. The new approach takes into account of the broken-pair energy contribution that is missing in pair-correlated electron simulations, while maintaining the computational advantages of oo-upCCD ansatz. In dissociations of N2, Li2O, and chemical reactions such as the unimolecular decomposition of CH2OH+ and the SN2 reaction of CH3I + Br−, the method significantly improves the accuracy of energy prediction. On two generations of the IonQ’s trapped ion quantum computers, Aria and Forte, we find that unlike the VQE energy, the PT2 energy correction is highly noise-resilient. By applying a simple error mitigation approach based on post-selection solely on the VQE energies, the predicted VQE-PT2 energy differences between reactants, transition state, and products are in excellent agreement with noise-free simulators. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Trapped ions

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From data to noise to data: mixing physics across temperatures with generative artificial intelligence

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Yihang Herron, Lukas Tiwary, Pratyush Biophysics Program University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

Using simulations or experiments performed at some set of temperatures to learn about the physics or chemistry at some other arbitrary temperature is a problem of immense practical and theoretical relevance. Here we develop a framework based on statistical mechanics and generative Artificial Intelligence that allows solving this problem. Specifically, we work with denoising diffusion probabilistic models, and show how these models in combination with replica exchange molecular dynamics achieve superior sampling of the biomolecular energy landscape at temperatures that were never even simulated without assuming any particular slow degrees of freedom. The key idea is to treat the temperature as a fluctuating random variable and not a control parameter as is usually done. This allows us to directly sample from the joint probability distribution in configuration and temperature space. The results here are demonstrated for a chirally symmetric peptide and single-strand ribonucleic acid undergoing conformational transitions in all-atom water. We demonstrate how we can discover transition states and metastable states that were previously unseen at the temperature of interest, and even bypass the need to perform further simulations for wide range of temperatures. At the same time, any unphysical states are easily identifiable through very low Boltzmann weights. The procedure while shown here for a class of molecular simulations should be more generally applicable to mixing information across simulations and experiments with varying control parameters. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Molecular structure

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Electron spin dynamics guide cell motility

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Kai Gilmer, Gabrielle Araña, Matheus Cândia Iijima, Hirotaka Bergmann, Juliana Woollard, Antonio Mesits, Boris McGraw, Meghan Zoltowski, Brian Cappellaro, Paola Ungar, Alex Pekker, David Waldeck, David H. Saxena, Sunil Lloyd, Seth Ambrosio, Fabrisia Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding BostonMA United States Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital BostonMA United States Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Medical Scientist Training Program School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau France Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University DallasTX United States Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA United States

Diverse organisms exploit the geomagnetic field (GMF) for migration. Migrating birds employ an intrinsically quantum mechanical mechanism for detecting the geomagnetic field: absorption of a blue photon generates a radical pair whose two electrons precess at different rates in the magnetic field, thereby sensitizing cells to the direction of the GMF. In this work, using an in vitro injury model, we discovered a quantum-based mechanism of cellular migration. Specifically, we show that migrating cells detect the GMF via an optically activated, electron spin-based mechanism. Cell injury provokes acute emission of blue photons, and these photons sensitize muscle progenitor cells to the magnetic field. We show that the magnetosensitivity of muscle progenitor cells is (a) activated by blue light, but not by green or red light, and (b) disrupted by the application of an oscillatory field at the frequency corresponding to the energy of the electron-spin/magnetic field interaction. A comprehensive analysis of protein expression reveals that the ability of blue photons to promote cell motility is mediated by activation of calmodulin calcium sensors. Collectively, these data suggest that cells possess a light-dependent magnetic compass driven by electron spin dynamics. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Spin dynamics

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