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physical activity, cathepsin B, and cognitive health

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Trends in Molecular Medicine 2025年

作者： Yu, Qian Zhang, Zhihao Herold, Fabian Ludyga, Sebastian Kuang, Jin Chen, Yanxia Liu, Zijun Erickson, Kirk I. Goodpaster, Bret H. Cheval, Boris Pindus, Dominika M. Kramer, Arthur F. Hillman, Charles H. Liu-Ambrose, Teresa Kelley, Keith W. Moon, Hyo Youl Chen, Aiguo Zou, Liye Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Faculty of Education University of Macau Macau China Research Group on Degenerative and Chronic Diseases Movement Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg University of Potsdam Potsdam 14476 Germany Department of Sport Exercise and Health University of Basel Grosse Allee 6 Basel CH-4052 Switzerland Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Neuroscience Program University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Department of Physical Education Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China Department of Neuroscience AdventHealth Research Institute Orlando FL United States AdventHealth Translational Research Institute AdventHealth Orlando FL United States Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes Bruz France Univ Rennes École normale supérieure de Rennes Rennes F-35000 France Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Northeastern University Boston 02115 MA United States Department of Psychology Northeastern University Boston 02115 MA United States Department of Physical Therapy Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences Northeastern University Boston 02115 MA United States Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Centre for Aging SMART (Solutions for Mobility Activity Rehabilitation and Technology) Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Pathology College of Medicine and Department of Animal Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Envir

Regular physical activity (PA) is beneficial for cognitive health, and cathepsin B (CTSB) – a protease released by skeletal muscle during PA – acts as a potential molecular mediator of this association. PA-induced metabolic and mechanical stress appears to increase plasma/serum CTSB levels. CTSB facilitates neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in brain regions (e.g., hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) that support performance in specific cognitive domains including memory, learning, and executive function. However, the evidence regarding the role of PA-induced changes in CTSB as a mediator of PA-induced cognitive health in humans is mixed. To guide future research, this article identifies key factors that may explain the observed heterogeneity in the findings from human studies and proposes a PA–CTSB–cognition model. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： brain health cognition CTSB exercise myokine

Mercaptopurine-loaded sandwiched tri-layered composed of electrospun polycaprolactone/poly (Methyl methacrylate) nanofibrous scaffolds as anticancer carrier with antimicrobial and antibiotic features: Sandwich configuration nanofibers, release study and in vitro bioevaluation tests

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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2021年 16卷 6937-6955页

作者： Salim, Samar A. Kamoun, Elbadawy A. Evans, Stephen El-Moslamy, Shahira H. El-Fakharany, Esmail M. Elmazar, Mohamed M. Abdel-Aziz, A.F. Abou-Saleh, R.H. Salaheldin, Taher A. Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) The British University in Egypt (BUE) Cairo 11837 Egypt Biochemistry Group Chemistry Dep. Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Polymeric Materials Research Dep Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI) City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) Alexandria 21934 Egypt Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Bioprocess Development Dep GEBRI City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) Alexandria 21934 Egypt Protein Research Dep. GEBRI City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) Alexandria 21934 Egypt Faculty of Pharmacy The British University in Egypt (BUE) Cairo 11837 Egypt Biophysics Group Dep. of Physics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Nanoscience and Technology Program Faculty of Advanced Basic Science Galala University Suez Egypt Pharmaceutical Research Institute Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Albany 12144 NY United States

Background: 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a potential anti-cancer agent which its therapeutic and limitation applicability due to its high toxicity. Objective: Herein, 6-MP was loaded into tri-layered sandwich nanofibrous scaffold (the top layer composed of poly methyl methacrylate/polycaprolactone (PMMA/PCL), the middle layer was PCL/PMMA/6-MP, and the bottom layer was PCL/PMMA to improve its bioactivity, adjusting the release-sustainability and reduce its toxicity. Methods: Electrospun trilayered nanofibers composed of PCL/PMMA were utilized as nanomats for controlling sustained drug release. Four groups of sandwich scaffold configurations were investigated with alteration of (PMMA: PCL) composition. Results: The sandwich scaffold composed of 2%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP showed the best miscibility, good homogeneity and produced the smoothest nanofibers and low crystallinity. All fabricated 6-MP-loaded-PCL/PMMA scaffolds exhibited antimicrobial properties on the bacterial and fungal organisms, where the cytotoxicity evaluation proved the safety of scaffolds on normal cells, even at high concentration. Scaffolds provided a sustained-drug release profile that was strongly dependent on (PCL: PMMA). As (PCL: PMMA) decreased, the sustained 6-MP release from PCL/PMMA scaffolds increased. Results established that ~18% and 20% of 6-MP were released after 23h from (4%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP) and (2%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), respectively, where this release was maintained for more than 20 days. The anti-cancer activity of all fabricated scaffolds was also investigated using different cancerous cell lines (e.g., Caco-2, MDA, and HepG-2) results showed that 6-MP-loaded-nanofibrous mats have an anti-cancer effect, with a high selective index for breast cancer. We observed that viability of a cancer cell was dropped to about 10%, using nanofibers containing 2% PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP. Conclusion: Overall, the PCL: PMMA ratio and sandwich configuration imparts a tight control on long-term release profile and

关键词： 6-Mercaptopurine 6-MP Anticancer PCL/PMMA Polycaprolactone/poly methyl methacrylate Sandwich scaffold Sustained drug release

Revisiting the Transit Timing and Atmosphere Characterization of the Neptune-mass Planet HAT-P-26 b

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arXiv 2023年

作者： A-Thano, Napaporn Awiphan, Supachai Jiang, Ing-Guey Kerins, Eamonn Priyadarshi, Akshay McDonald, Iain Joshi, Yogesh C. Chulikorn, Thansuda Hayes, Joshua J.C. Charles, Stephen Huang, Chung-Kai Rattanamala, Ronnakrit Yeh, Li-Chin Dhillon, Vik S. Department of Physics Institute of Astronomy National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand 260 Moo 4 Donkaew Mae Rim Chiang Mai50180 Thailand Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics University of Manchester Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Department of Physical Sciences The Open University Walton Hall Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom Manora Peak Nainital263001 India Department of Physics Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University 254 Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok10330 Thailand Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan PhD Program in Astronomy Department of Physics and Materials Science Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200 Thailand Department of Physics and General Science Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University Nakhon Ratchasima30000 Thailand Institute of Computational and Modeling Science National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield SheffieldS3 7RH United Kingdom Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain

We present the transit timing variation (TTV) and planetary atmosphere analysis of the Neptune-mass planet HAT-P-26 b. We present a new set of 13 transit light curves from optical ground-based observations and combine them with light curves from the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), and previously published ground-based data. We refine the planetary parameters of HAT-P-26 b and undertake a TTV analysis using 33 transits obtained over seven years. The TTV analysis shows an amplitude signal of 1.98 ± 0.05 minutes, which could result from the presence of an additional ∼ 0.02 MJup planet at the 1:2 mean-motion resonance orbit. Using a combination of transit depths spanning optical to near-infrared wavelengths, we find that the atmosphere of HAT-P-26 b contains (formula presented) of H2O with a derived temperature of (formula presented) K. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Timing circuits

A detailed time-resolved and energy-resolved spectro-polarimetric study of bright GRBs detected by AstroSat CZTI in its first year of operation

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gupta, Rahul Pandey, S.B. Gupta, S. Chattopadhayay, T. Bhattacharya, D. Bhalerao, V. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Valeev, A. Ror, A.K. Sharma, V. Racusin, J. Aryan, A. Iyyani, S. Vadawale, S. Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Mail Code 661 GreenbeltMD20771 United States NASA Postdoctoral Program Manora Peak Nainital263002 India Bhabha Atomic Research Center Maharashtra Mumbai400094 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Maharashtra Mumbai400094 India Kavli Institute of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Stanford University 452 Lomita Mall StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Physics Ashoka University Haryana Sonipat131029 India Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Maharashtra Mumbai400076 India Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática Escuela de Ingenierías Universidad de Málaga C. Dr. Ortiz Ramos sn MálagaE-29071 Spain Special Astrophysical Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhniy Arkhyz Russia University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Graduate Institute of Astronomy National Central University 300 Jhongda Road Jhongli32001 Taiwan Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kerala Thiruvananthapuram695551 India Physical Research Laboratory Thaltej Gujarat Ahmedabad380009 India

The radiation mechanism underlying the prompt emission remains unresolved and can be resolved using a systematic and uniform time-resolved spectro-polarimetric study. In this paper, we investigated the spectral, temporal, and polarimetric characteristics of five bright GRBs using archival data from AstroSat CZTI, Swift BAT, and Fermi GBM. These bright GRBs were detected by CZTI in its first year of operation, and their average polarization characteristics have been published in Chattopadhyay et al. (2022). In the present work, we examined the time-resolved (in 100-600 keV) and energyresolved polarization measurements of these GRBs with an improved polarimetric technique such as increasing the effective area and bandwidth (by using data from low-gain pixels), using an improved event selection logic to reduce noise in the double events and extend the spectral bandwidth. In addition, we also separately carried out detailed time-resolved spectral analyses of these GRBs using empirical and physical synchrotron models. By these improved time-resolved and energy-resolved spectral and polarimetric studies (not fully coupled spectro-polarimetric fitting), we could pin down the elusive prompt emission mechanism of these GRBs. Our spectro-polarimetric analysis reveals that GRB 160623A, GRB 160703A, and GRB 160821A have Poynting flux-dominated jets. On the other hand, GRB 160325A and GRB 160802A have baryonic-dominated jets with mild magnetization. Furthermore, we observe a rapid change in polarization angle by ∼ 90 degrees within the main pulse of very bright GRB 160821A, consistent with our previous results. Our study suggests that the jet composition of GRBs may exhibit a wide range of magnetization, which can be revealed by utilizing spectro-polarimetric investigations of the bright GRBs. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polarimeters

Low force unfolding of a single-domain protein by parallel pathways

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhuravlev, Pavel I. Hinczewski, Michael Thirumalai, Dave Biophysics Program Institute for Physical Science and Technology Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Physics Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH44106 United States Department of Chemistry University of Texas AustinTX7712 United States

Deviations from linearity in the dependence of the logarithm of protein unfolding rates, log ku(f), as a function of mechanical force, f, measurable in single molecule experiments, can arise for many reasons. In particular, upward curvature in log ku(f) as a function of f implies that the underlying energy landscape must be multidimensional with the possibility that unfolding ensues by parallel pathways. Here, simulations using the SOP-SC model of a wild type β-sandwich protein and several mutants, with immunoglobulin folds, show upward curvature in the unfolding kinetics. There are substantial changes in the structures of the transition state ensembles as force is increased, signaling a switch in the unfolding pathways. Our results, when combined with previous theoretical and experimental studies, show that parallel unfolding of structurally unrelated single domain proteins can be determined from the dependence of log ku(f) as a function of force (or log ku[C] where [C] is the denaturant concentration). © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Proteins

Isomeric 1,4-Dihydropentalene-Containing Building Blocks for High Mobility Ladder-Type Conjugated Polymers

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年

作者： Shengnan Zhang Yuqian Liu Hao Dong Yanru Li Kai Zhang Kaihu Xian Prof. Yang Han Prof. Long Ye Prof. Martin Heeney Prof. Zhuping Fei Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits Ministry of Education Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China School of Materials Science & Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and Technology Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering Chemistry Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Nearly amorphous conjugated polymers, though lacking long-range order, can exhibit high charge carrier mobility and enhanced flexibility, making them ideal for flexible or stretchable OFET applications. However, research on novel structural blocks for this class of materials remains limited. We report the synthesis of two derivatives of the 5,10-dihydroindeno[2,1- a ]indene (DHI) core, where two thieno groups are appended to each end to reduce torsional disorder with adjacent comonomers. The two 1,4-dihydropentalene containing isomers, anti-C16DHIT-Br and syn-C16DHIT-Br, feature distinct thieno group orientations, leading to differences in their electronic properties. The anti-isomer shows a fully delocalized conjugation pathway, whereas the syn isomer exhibits cross-conjugation, limiting delocalization along the polymer backbone. These monomers were copolymerized with benzothiadiazole (BT) to form two conjugated polymers, anti-C16DHIT-BT and syn-C16DHIT-BT, both with highly planar backbones, good solubility, and solution processability. Morphological studies reveal that anti-C16DHIT-BT exhibits more ordered stacking and higher crystallinity than syn-C16DHIT-BT. Devices based on anti-C16DHIT-BT show significantly better performance, with a hole mobility of 2.38 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , slightly higher than the widely studied pIDTBT under identical conditions.

关键词： Conjugated polymers High mobility Isomerization effect Novel building blocks Organic field-effect transistors

Experimental implementation of an efficient test of quantumness

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lewis, Laura Zhu, Daiwei Gheorghiu, Alexandru Noel, Crystal Katz, Or Harraz, Bahaa Wang, Qingfeng Risinger, Andrew Feng, Lei Biswas, Debopriyo Egan, Laird Vidick, Thomas Cetina, Marko Monroe, Christopher Institute for Quantum Information and Matter Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology CA91125 United States Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology CA91125 United States Joint Quantum Institute Departments of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States IonQ Inc. College ParkMD20740 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Theoretical Studies ETH Zürich CH 8001 Switzerland Duke Quantum Center Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Chemical Physics Program Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

A test of quantumness is a protocol where a classical user issues challenges to a quantum device to determine if it exhibits non-classical behavior, under certain cryptographic assumptions. Recent attempts to implement such tests on current quantum computers rely on either interactive challenges with efficient verification, or non-interactive challenges with inefficient (exponential time) verification. In this paper, we execute an efficient non-interactive test of quantumness on an ion-trap quantum computer. Our results significantly exceed the bound for a classical device’s success. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

Joint Observation of the Galactic Center with MAGIC and CTA-LST-1 38

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Joint Observation of the Galactic Center with MAGIC and CTA-...

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Abe, Shotaro Berti, Alessio Di Pierro, Federico López-Coto, Rubén Moralejo, Abelardo Ohtani, Yoshiki Sitarek, Julian Strzys, Marcel Suda, Yusuke Vovk, Ievgen Abe, H. Abe, K. Abe, S. Abhir, J. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Alvarez Crespo, N. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Arbet-Engels, A. Cornelia, A. Artero, M. Asano, K. Aubert, P. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M.I. Bernete Medrano, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharjee, P. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Bissaldi, E. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bošnjak, Ž. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Burmistrov, L. Buscemi, M. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carrasco, M.S. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Cassol, F. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cauz, D. Cerasole, D. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chiavassa, A. Chikawa, M. Chilingarian, A. Chytka, L. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. Dalchenko, M. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. De Lotto, B. De Lucia, M. de Menezes, R. Del Peral, L. Deleglise, G. Delfino, M. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Dellaiera, M. Del Popolo, A. Depaoli, D. Di Piano, A. Di Pierro, F. Di Pilato, A. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fallah Ramazani, V. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Ferrara, G. Ferrarotto, F. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Garczarczyk, M. Gasbarra, C. Gasparrini, D. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Geyer, D. Giesbrecht Paiva, J. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Grau, R. Green, J. Green, D. Gunji, S. Günther, P. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research Kashiwa-no-ha 5-1-5 Kashiwa-shi Chiba Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Via P. Giuria 1 Torino10125 Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 149-153 Lodz90-236 Poland Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Japan Department of Physics Tokai University Japan ETH Zürich Switzerland Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Spain Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Spain EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine Italy Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Italy LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Germany Croatia Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Japan Universidad del Azuay Ecuador INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Italy Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Brazil CIEMAT Spain INFN Sezione di Bari Politecnico di Bari Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Italy University of Geneva Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire Switzerland INFN Sezione di Catania Italy Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Spain Italy Università di Pisa INFN Pisa Italy Aix Mars

MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), designed to detect very-high-energy gamma rays, and is operating in stereoscopic mode since 2009 at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos in La Palma, Spain. In 2018, the prototype IACT of the Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) for the Cherenkov Telescope Array, a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, was inaugurated at the same site, at a distance of approximately 100 meters from the MAGIC telescopes. Using joint observations between MAGIC and LST-1, we developed a dedicated analysis pipeline and established the threefold telescope system via software, achieving the highest sensitivity in the northern hemisphere. Based on this enhanced performance, MAGIC and LST-1 have been jointly and regularly observing the Galactic Center, a region of paramount importance and complexity for IACTs. In particular, the gamma-ray emission from the dynamical center of the Milky Way is under debate. Although previous measurements suggested that a supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* plays a primary role, its radiation mechanism remains unclear, mainly due to limited angular resolution and sensitivity. The enhanced sensitivity in our novel approach is thus expected to provide new insights into the question. We here present the current status of the data analysis for the Galactic Center joint MAGIC and LST-1 observations. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

Recovery of Equilibrium Free Energy from Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics with Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in E. coli

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physical Review Letters 2020年第22期124卷 228101-228101页

作者： Uğur Çetiner Oren Raz Sergei Sukharev Christopher Jarzynski Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Maryland Biophysics Program University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Physics of Complex Systems Faculty of Physics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

In situ measurements of the free energy difference between the open and closed states of ion channels are challenging due to hysteresis effects and inactivation. Exploiting recent developments in statistical physics, we present a general formalism to extract the free energy difference ΔF between the closed and open states of mechanosensitive ion channels from nonequilibrium work distributions associated with the opening and closing of the channels (gating) in response to ramp stimulation protocols recorded in native patches. We show that the work distributions obtained from the gating of MscS channels in E. coli membrane satisfy the strong symmetry relation predicted by the Crooks fluctuation theorem. Our approach enables the determination of ΔF using patch-clamp experiments, which are often inherently restricted to the nonequilibrium regime.

关键词： Biomolecular dynamics Fluctuation theorems Irreversible processes Nonequilibrium & irreversible thermodynamics Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics Bacteria Proteins Single molecule techniques