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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lisakov, Mikhail Jorstad, Svetlana Wielgus, Maciek Kravchenko, Evgeniya V. Nikonov, Aleksei S. Cho, Ilje Issaoun, Sara Algaba, Juan-Carlos Krichbaum, Thomas P. Bach, Uwe Ros, Eduardo Rottmann, Helge Sánchez, Salvador Wagner, Jan Zensus, Anton Instituto de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso Casilla4059 Chile Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Astro Space Center Lebedev Physical Institute Profsouznaya 84/32 Moscow117997 Russia Institute for Astrophysical Research Boston University 725 Commonwealth Ave. BostonMA02215 United States Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya nab. 7-9 St. Petersburg199034 Russia Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CíSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutsky per. 9 Moscow region Dolgoprudny141700 Russia Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daedeok-daero 776 Yuseong-gu Daejeon34055 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Einstein Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Avda. Divina Pastora 7 Local 20 Granada18012 Spain

Context. The advancement of the Event Horizon Telescope has enabled the study of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei down to sub-parsec linear scales even at high redshift. Quasi-simultaneous multifrequency observations provide insights into the physical conditions in compact regions and allow testing accretion theories. Aims. Initially we aimed at measuring the magnetic field strength close to the central supermassive black hole in NRAO 530 (1730−130) by studying frequency-dependent opacity of the jet matter, Faraday rotation and the spectral index in the mm-radio bands. Methods. NRAO 530 was observed quasi-simultaneously at 15, 22, 43, 86, and 227 GHz at four different very long baseline interferometer (VLBI) networks. By the means of imaging and model-fitting, we aligned the images, taken at different frequencies. We explored opacity along the jet and distribution of the linearly polarized emission in it. Results. Our findings reveal that the jet of NRAO 530 at 86 and 227 GHz is transparent down to its origin, with 70 mJy emission detected at 227 GHz potentially originating from the accretion disk. The magnetic field strength near the black hole, estimated at 5rg, is 3 × 103 − 3 × 104 G (depending on the central black hole mass). These values represent some of the highest magnetic field strengths reported for active galaxies. We also report the first ever VLBI measurement of the Faraday rotation at 43-227 GHz, which reveals rotation measure values as high as -48000 rad/m2 consistent with higher particle density and stronger magnetic fields at the jet's outset. The complex shape of the jet in NRAO 530 is in line with the expected behavior of a precessing jet, with a period estimated to be around 6 ± 4 years. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

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OpenMOC simulation for core-133 and core-134 of the TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2525卷

作者： Casimiro Rino Kuswanto Nur Asiah Aprianti Dwi Irwanto 1Dept. of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology) Indonesia 2Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Group Physics Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology) Indonesia 3Dept. of Nuclear Science and Technology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology) Indonesia

OpenMOC is a relatively new reactor physics code that can solve the neutron transport equation using the method of characteristics (MOC), based on the multi-group and a steady-state form of the neutron transport equation. In this study, calculations and simulations were carried out for a TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor using ENDF/B-VII.1 as the nuclear data library to study and test the accuracy of this code and its method. Calculation of the important neutronic parameters in a nuclear reactor design, namely the effective multiplication factor, was carried out for the configuration of core-133 and core-134 in the TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor. The simulation results were compared with experimental results. The results obtained in this study showed a good agreement between the simulation results, using the method of characteristics through the OpenMOC code, and the experimental results with a difference of 0.07% for core-133 and 0.18% for core-134.

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A study of Galactic Plane Planck Galactic cold clumps observed by SCOPE and the JCMT Plane Survey

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2024年第4期530卷 5192-5208页

作者： Eden, D.J. Liu, Tie Moore, T.J.T. Di Francesco, J. Fuller, G. Kim, Kee-Tae Li, Di Liu, S.-Y. Plume, R. Tatematsu, Ken'ichi Thompson, M.A. Wu, Y. Bronfman, L. Butner, H.M. Currie, M.J. Garay, G. Goldsmith, P.F. Hirano, N. Johnstone, D. Juvela, M. Lai, S.-P. Lee, C.W. Mannfors, E.E. Olguin, F. Pattle, K. Park, Geumsook Polychroni, D. Rawlings, M. Rigby, A.J. Sanhueza, P. Traficante, A. Urquhart, J.S. Weferling, B. White, G.J. Yadav, R.K. Armagh Observatory and Planetarium College Hill ArmaghBT61 9DB United Kingdom Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai200030 China Astrophysics Research Institute Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool Science Park iC2 146 Brownlow Hill LiverpoolL3 5RF United Kingdom NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics 5071 West Saanich Rd VictoriaBCV9E 2E7 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria VictoriaBCV8W 2Y2 Canada Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-ro Yuseong-gu Daejon34055 Korea Republic of 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34113 Korea Republic of NationalAstronomicalObservatories ChineseAcademyofSciences Beijing100012 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Science Nanjing210008 China Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11F of AS/NTU Astronomy – Mathematics Building No.1 Section 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW CalgaryABT2N 1N4 Canada Nobeyama Radio Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences Nobeyama Minamimaki Minamisaku Nagano384-1305 Japan Astronomical Science Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom Department of Astronomy Peking University Beijing100871 China Astronomy Department Universidad de Chile Casilla 36-D Santiago7591245 Chile Department of Physics and Astronomy James Madison University MSC 4502 901 Carrier Drive HarrisonburgVA22807 United States RAL Space STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot OxfordshireOX11 0QX United Kingdom East Asian Obser

We have investigated the physical properties of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs) located in the Galactic Plane, using the JCMT Plane Survey (JPS) and the SCUBA-2 Continuum Observations of Pre-protostellar Evolution (SCOPE) survey. By utilizing a suite of molecular-line surveys, velocities, and distances were assigned to the compact sources within the PGCCs, placing them in a Galactic context. The properties of these compact sources show no large-scale variations with Galactic environment. Investigating the star-forming content of the sample, we find that the luminosity-to-mass ratio (L/M) is an order of magnitude lower than in other Galactic studies, indicating that these objects are hosting lower levels of star formation. Finally, by comparing ATLASGAL sources that are associated or are not associated with PGCCs, we find that those associated with PGCCs are typically colder, denser, and have a lower L/M ratio, hinting that PGCCs are a distinct population of Galactic Plane sources. © 2024 The Author(s).

关键词： Stars

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Parallel optically detected magnetic resonance spectrometer for dozens of single nitrogen-vacancy centers using laser-spot lattice

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Cai, Mingcheng Guo, Zhongzhi Shi, Fazhan Li, Chunxing Wang, Mengqi Ji, Wei Wang, Pengfei Du, Jiangfeng Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of M odern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance University of Science and Tec hnology of China Hefei230026 China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Physical Science Laboratory Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center Beijing China Center for Biological Instrument Development Core Facility for Protein Research Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

We develop a parallel optically detected magnetic resonance (PODMR) spectrometer to address, manipulate and read out an array of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond in parallel. In this spectrometer, we use an array of micro-lens to generate 20 ×20 laser-spot lattice (LSL) on the objective focal plane, and then align the LSL with an array of single NV centers. The quantum states of NV centers are manipulated by a uniform microwave field from a Ω-shape coplanar coil. As an experimental demonstration, we observe 80 NV centers in the field of view. Among them, magnetic resonance (MR) spectrums and Rabi oscillations of 18 NV centers along the external magnetic field are measured in parallel. These results can be directly used to realize parallel quantum sensing and multiple times speedup compared with the confocal technique. Regarding the nanoscale MR technique, PODMR will be crucial for high throughput single molecular MR spectrum and imaging. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen

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In Situ Electric-Field Control of THz Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism in the Multiferroic Ba2CoGe2O7

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physical Review Letters 2021年第15期127卷 157201-157201页

作者： J. Vít J. Viirok L. Peedu T. Rõõm U. Nagel V. Kocsis Y. Tokunaga Y. Taguchi Y. Tokura I. Kézsmárki P. Balla K. Penc J. Romhányi S. Bordács Department of Physics Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budapest Hungary Institute of Physics ASCR Na Slovance 2 182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University Břehová 7 115 19 Prague 1 Czech Republic National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako 351-0198 Japan Department of Advanced Materials Science University of Tokyo Kashiwa 277-8561 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Tokyo College University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Experimental Physics V Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism University of Augsburg 86135 Augsburg Germany Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics Wigner Research Centre for Physics P.O. Box. 49 H-1525 Budapest Hungary Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine 4129 Frederick Reines Hall Irvine California 92697 USA Hungarian Academy of Sciences Premium Postdoctor Program 1051 Budapest Hungary

Nonreciprocal directional dichroism, also called the optical-diode effect, is an appealing functional property inherent to the large class of noncentrosymmetric magnets. However, the in situ electric control of this phenomenon is challenging as it requires a set of conditions to be fulfilled: Special symmetries of the magnetic ground state, spin excitations with comparable magnetic- and electric-dipole activity, and switchable electric polarization. We demonstrate the isothermal electric switch between domains of Ba2CoGe2O7 possessing opposite magnetoelectric susceptibilities. Combining THz spectroscopy and multiboson spin-wave analysis, we show that unbalancing the population of antiferromagnetic domains generates the nonreciprocal light absorption of spin excitations.

关键词： Magnetoelectric effect Magnons Optical & microwave phenomena Antiferromagnets Multiferroics

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The need to implement FAIR principles in biomolecular simulations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Amaro, R. Åqvist, J. Bahar, I. Battistini, F. Bellaiche, A. Beltran, D. Biggin, P.C. Bonomi, M. Bowman, G.R. Bryce, R. Bussi, G. Carloni, P. Case, D. Cavalli, A. Chang, C.A. Cheatham, T.E. Cheung, M.S. Chipot, C. Chong, L.T. Choudhary, P. Cisneros, G.A. Clementi, C. Collepardo-Guevara, R. Coveney, P. Covino, R. Crawford, T.D. Dal Peraro, M. de Groot, B. Delemotte, L. De Vivo, M. Essex, J. Fraternali, F. Gao, J. Gelpí, J.L. Gervasio, F.L. Gonzalez-Nilo, F.D. Grubmüller, H. Guenza, M.G. Guzman, H.V. Harris, S. Head-Gordon, T. Hernandez, R. Hospital, A. Huang, N. Huang, X. Hummer, G. Iglesias-Fernández, J. Jensen, J.H. Jha, S. Jiao, W. Jorgensen, W.L. Kamerlin, S.C.L. Khalid, S. Laughton, C. Levitt, M. Limongelli, V. Lindahl, E. Lindorff-Larsen, K. Loverde, S. Lundborg, M. Luo, Y.L. Luque, F.J. Lynch, C.I. MacKerell, A. Magistrato, A. Marrink, S.J. Martin, H. McCammon, J.A. Merz, K. Moliner, V. Mulholland, A. Murad, S. Naganathan, A.N. Nangia, S. Noe, F. Noy, A. Oláh, J. O'Mara, M. Ondrechen, M.J. Onuchic, J.N. Onufriev, A. Osuna, S. Palermo, G. Panchenko, A.R. Pantano, S. Parish, C. Parrinello, M. Perez, A. Perez-Acle, T. Perilla, J.R. Pettitt, B.M. Pietropaolo, A. Piquemal, J.-P. Poma, A. Praprotnik, M. Ramos, M.J. Ren, P. Reuter, N. Roitberg, A. Rosta, E. Rovira, C. Roux, B. Röthlisberger, U. Sanbonmatsu, K. Schlick, T. Shaytan, A.K. Simmerling, C. Smith, J.C. Sugita, Y. Świderek, K. Taiji, M. Tao, P. Tikhonova, I.G. Tirado-Rives, J. Tuñón, I. Van Der Kamp, M.W. Van der Spoel, D. Velankar, S. Voth, G.A. Wade, R. Warshel, A. Welborn, V.V. Wetmore, S. Wong, C.F. Yang, L.-W. Zacharias, M. Orozco, M. Department of Molecular Biology University of California San DiegoCA United States Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY United States Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY United States Barcelona Spain European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton United Kingdom Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Institut Pasteur Université Paris Cité CNRS UMR 3528 Computational Structural Biology Unit Paris France Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Division of Pharmacy and Optometry University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati-SISSA Trieste Italy Computational Biomedicine Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5 Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany Department of Physics and Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ United States Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Drug Discovery and Development Bologna Italy Lausanne Switzerland Department of Chemistry University of California RiversideCA United States Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA United States Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States LIA CNRS-UIUC UMR n°7019 Université de Lorraine Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biol

The communities that embraced data archiving efforts decades ago are now, in the era of data-driven biology, those gaining the most from the AI revolution. The structural biology community was a pioneer in this regard by establishing the Protein Data Bank (PDB) in 1971 and making data accessible using the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles even before these were articulated [1, 2]. The genomics/bioinformatics community has followed the example, establishing many widely used databases [3, 4]. By contrast, molecular simulation has been anchored in usage paradigms dating back to the seventies, when molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was first applied to study biomacromolecules [5]. At that time, MD was used by theoretical physicists and chemists in "proof of concept" simulations. Still, fifty years later, MD has evolved into a cornerstone molecular biology technique that can provide accurate quantitative analysis and property prediction. MD is now employed by tens of thousands of researchers worldwide, accounting for roughly 15% of global supercomputer usage. Unfortunately, these rich and costly data are not systematically maintained, and when further analyses are required, simulations have to be rerun-an unacceptable situation from scientific, environmental and sustainability standpoints. In this letter, we argue for a collaborative endeavor to archive MD simulation data and describe ongoing efforts to establish cost-effective and sustainable data archiving strategies. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Biotic

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Spin order, spin excitations, and RIXS spectra of spin-1/2 tetramer chains

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Junli Cheng, Jun-Qing Datta, Trinanjan Yao, Dao-Xin State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices Center for Neutron Science and Technology School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510275 China School of Physical Sciences Great Bay University Dongguan523000 China Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study Dongguan523000 China Department of Physics and Biophysics Augusta University 1120 15th Street AugustaGA30912 United States

We investigate the spin dynamics of a 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg tetramer chain. Employing a combination of Density Matrix Renormalization Group, quantum renormalization group, and perturbation theory techniques, we compute the energy levels and the quantum phase diagram, analyze the phase transitions, and evaluate the L and K -edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrum of fractionalized and collective (single and multi-particle) excitations. Our calculations suggest that the chain can transition between a hidden Z2 × Z2 discrete symmetry preserving tetramer phase and a Haldane phase with non-vanishing string order that breaks the hidden symmetry. These two gapped phases are intervened by an intermediate deconfined quantum critical state comprising of free spins and three-site doublets, which is a gapless critical phase with deconfined spinons. We find that the tetramer chain can support fractionalized (spinon) and collective (triplon and quinton) excitations. In the ferromagnetic intra-tetramer limit, the chain can support a quinton excitation which has a five-fold degenerate excited state. String order parameter calculations suggest CuInVO5 to be in a Haldane-like phase whose L -edge RIXS spectrum can support observable triplon and quinton excitations. We also identify possible two-particle excitations (two-singlon, two-triplon, triplon-quinton, and two-quinton excitations) resulting from the double spin-flip effect in the K -edge RIXS spectrum. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Perturbation techniques

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Conformational heterogeneity in human interphase chromosome organization reconciles the FISH and Hi-C paradox

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Shi, Guang Thirumalai, D. Biophysics Program Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Hi-C experiments are used to infer the contact probabilities between loci separated by varying genome lengths. Contact probability should decrease as the spatial distance between two loci increases. However, studies comparing Hi-C and FISH data show that in some cases the distance between one pair of loci, with larger Hi-C readout, is paradoxically larger compared to another pair with a smaller value of the contact probability. Here, we show that the FISH-Hi-C paradox can be resolved using a theory based on a Generalized Rouse Model for Chromosomes (GRMC). The FISH-Hi-C paradox arises because the cell population is highly heterogeneous, which means that a given contact is present in only a fraction of cells. Insights from the GRMC is used to construct a theory, without any adjustable parameters, to extract the distribution of subpopulations from the FISH data, which quantitatively reproduces the Hi-C data. Our results show that heterogeneity is pervasive in genome organization at all length scales, reflecting large cell-to-cell variations. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability

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Effects of galaxy environment on merger fraction?

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年 686卷

作者： Pearson, W.J. Santos, D.J.D. Goto, T. Huang, T.-C. Kim, S.J. Matsuhara, H. Pollo, A. Ho, S.C.-C. Hwang, H.S. Malek, K. Nakagawa, T. Romano, M. Serjeant, S. Suelves, L.E. Shim, H. White, G.J. National Centre for Nuclear Research Pasteura 7 Warszawa02-093 Poland Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Gießenbachstraße 1 Garching85748 Germany Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2. Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Space and Astronautical Science Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Shonankokusaimura Hayama Miura District Kanagawa240-0193 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo-ku Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Australian National University CanberraACT2611 Australia Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology PO Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia OzGrav The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery HawthornVIC3122 Australia ASTRO3D The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics in 3D CanberraACT2611 Australia Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5 Padova35122 Italy School of Physical Sciences The Open University Walton Hall Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom Department of Earth Science Education Kyungpook National University 80 Daehak-ro Buk-gu Daegu41566 Korea Republic of Space Science and Technology Division RALSpace STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton DidcotOX11 0QX United Kingdom

Aims. In this work we examine how environment influences the merger fraction, from the low density field environment to higher density groups and clusters. We also study how the properties of a group or cluster, as well as the position of a galaxy in the group or cluster, influences the merger fraction. Methods. We identified galaxy groups and clusters in the North Ecliptic Pole using a friends-of-friends algorithm and the local density. Once identified, we determined the central galaxies, group radii, velocity dispersions, and group masses of these groups and clusters. Merging systems were identified with a neural network as well as visually. With these identifications and properties of groups and clusters and merging galaxy identifications, we examined how the merger fraction changes as the local density changes for all galaxies as well as how the merger fraction changes as the properties of the groups or clusters change. Results. We find that the merger fraction increases as local density increases and decreases as the velocity dispersion increases, as is often found in the literature. A decrease in merger fraction as the group mass increases is also found. We also find that groups with larger radii have higher merger fractions. The number of galaxies in a group does not influence the merger fraction. Conclusions. The decrease in merger fraction as group mass increases is a result of the link between group mass and velocity dispersion. Hence, this decrease in merger fraction with increasing mass is a result of the decrease of merger fraction with velocity dispersion. The increasing relation between group radii and merger fraction may be a result of larger groups having smaller velocity dispersion at a larger distance from the centre or larger groups hosting smaller, infalling groups with more mergers. However, we do not find evidence of smaller groups having higher merger fractions. c The Authors 2024.

关键词： Galaxies

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Understanding and conceptualizing eSports among behavioural addictions: A brief overview of the literature.

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Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health 2022年 2卷 100048-100048页

作者： Ramella-Zampa, Benedetta Carbone, Giuseppe Alessio Panno, Angelo Santos, Matheus Imperatori, Claudio Budde, Henning Murillo-Rodriguez, Eric Yamamoto, Tetsuya Machado, Sergio Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory Department of Human Science European University of Rome Rome Italy Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF) Salgado de Oliveira University Niterói Brazil Faculty of Human Sciences Institute for Systems Medicine Medical School Hamburg Hamburg Germany Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Yucatán Mérida 97302 Mexico Graduate School of Technology Industrial and Social Sciences The University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan Department of Sports Methods and Techniques Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Laboratory of Physical Activity Neurosciense Neurodiversity Institute RJ Queimados Brazil

The aim of the current overview was to present the existing literature on the recent phenomenon of eSports. Using a multifaceted approach, we focused on its definitions, historical development, and classification, drawing attention to key disputes that exist between scholars. Furthermore, we investigated the debate on whether eSports should be considered a traditional sport or not, with a particular interest in two processes that have contributed to eSports’ development as a culturally-significant addition to the world of sports, as both a game and an occupation: sportification and professionalization. Lastly, we analysed studies on spectatorship and consumption to understand why people watch and play eSports pointing out data about the recent relationship between practice and the possible development of eSport's addiction, gambling, and the related impact on individual health and wellbeing. © 2022

关键词： Behavioural addiction eSports Mental health Traditional sports

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