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ChemSusChem 2022年第9期15卷

作者： Dr. Christian Sonnendecker Dr. Juliane Oeser P. Konstantin Richter Patrick Hille Ziyue Zhao Dr. Cornelius Fischer Dr. Holger Lippold Paula Blázquez-Sánchez Felipe Engelberger Prof. Dr. César A. Ramírez-Sarmiento Thorsten Oeser Yuliia Lihanova Dr. Ronny Frank Dr. Heinz-Georg Jahnke Dr. Susan Billig Prof. Dr. Bernd Abel Prof. Dr. Norbert Sträter Prof. Dr. Jörg Matysik Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Zimmermann Institute of Analytical Chemistry Leipzig University 04103 Leipzig Germany Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Institute of Biochemistry Leipzig University 04103 Leipzig Germany Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine Leipzig University 04103 Leipzig Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Institut für Ressourcenökologie Abteilung Reaktiver Transport D-04318 Leipzig Germany Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering Schools of Engineering Medicine and Biological Sciences Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago 7820436 Chile ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio) Santiago 8331150 Chile Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology Leipzig University 04103 Leipzig Germany Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 04103 Leipzig Germany

Exploring Observational Heliophysics Across All Scales: Reflections and Insights From the 2023 NASA Heliophysics Summer School

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Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists

Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists 2024年第1期5卷

作者： S. R. Shaver A. R. Smith S. S. Babu Y. Baruah M. Bauer V. Chaturmutha H. Chen B. Dalal G. B. Dias da Silva T. Eddy G. González S. Gu E. Gülay A. P. Hoffmann O. R. Idolor R. Khan Y. Liou N. Liu X. Lyu A. Maharana D. K. V. Radhakrishnan O. M. Romeo P. O. C. Silva H. M. Salah C. Thibeault A. Weiss Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO USA Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks AK USA Department of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal India Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal India Austrian Space Weather Office GeoSphere Austria Graz Austria Department of Physics & Astronomy Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Space and Atmospheric Sciences Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad Gujarat India National Institute for Space Research (INPE) São Paulo Brazil Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA Department of Physics University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkiye Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Indian Institute of Astrophysics Bangalore Karnataka India Department of Engineering Physics Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach FL USA New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX USA Physics Department Faculty of Science Space Weather Monitoring Center Helwan University Cairo Egypt Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA

The field of heliophysics encompasses a diverse range of research areas and rich plasma environments, from the solar dynamo and solar wind turbulence, to the complex terrestrial thermosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere (TIM) system, to investigations of both induced and intrinsic magnetospheres across the solar system. This perspective paper delves into the experiences and outcomes of a summer school held in person in Boulder, Colorado, USA, from 7–11 August, which offered a platform for interdisciplinary learning and collaboration. The event, supported by NASA's Living with a Star program and hosted by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and Cooperative programs for the Advancement of Earth System science, assembled a cohort of 26 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers from around the world, all engaged in heliophysics research. The summer school included a series of lectures, interactive activities, and a culminating capstone project. The participants' diverse backgrounds enriched discussions and encouraged novel approaches to traditional problems. The capstone projects spanned an array of topics, including investigating the origins of solar wind switchbacks, dissecting the sequence of events from solar eruptions and their corresponding terrestrial consequences, investigating the energy transfer from solar coronal mass ejections to Earth's magnetosphere, and advocating for the exploration of Coulomb collisions in understanding large-scale global systems. Through this perspective, we shed light on the value of international and interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing heliophysics research. This perspective paper encapsulates the ethos of the summer school, serving as a testament to the continuing and collective pursuit of unraveling the mysteries of the heliosphere. Cooperative programs for the Advancement of Earth System science/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research held the seventeenth annual NASA Heliophysics Summer School bot

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Assessing the Management of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness by Napping Benefits

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Sleep and Vigilance 2020年第2期4卷 117-123页

作者： Murillo-Rodríguez, Eric Yamamoto, Tetsuya Monteiro, Diogo Budde, Henning Rocha, Nuno Barbosa Cid, Luis Teixeira, Diogo S. Telles-Correia, Diogo Veras, André Barciela Machado, Sérgio Imperatori, Claudio Torterolo, Pablo Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Progreso Int. Km. 2 Carretera a Chablekal Mérida C.P. 97308 Yucatán Mexico Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Mérida Yucatán Mexico Graduate School of Technology Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan Research Center in Sport Health and Human Development-CIDESD Vila Real Portugal Sport Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém Rio Maior Portugal Faculty of Human Sciences Medical School of Hamburg Hamburg Germany School of Health Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER) Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias Lisbon Portugal Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Medical School at State University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program Salgado de Oliveira University Niterói Brazil Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory Department of Human Science European University of Rome Rome Italy Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay

Purpose: Demanding lifestyle characterized by extended working hours, shift work schedules as well as excessive use of mobile gadgets leads to the disruption of the circadian and homeostatic factors affecting the sleep quality of individuals. As consequence, subjects complain of suffering several sleep disorders some of them characterized by inducing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Currently, the therapeutic approaches for managing EDS include medication, promotion of sleep hygiene, cognitive and behavioral therapy or using of continuous positive airway pressure machine. In this review, we propose the posology of the personalized sleep medicine by the prescription of naps for treating EDS. Methods: This review included the online search in PubMed and manual review of articles (basic and clinical trials) of a range of personalized medicine potentially associated to factors of dosage in areas such as nutrition, sports and sleep. Articles in English were identified and subsequently analyzed for consideration for this review. Results: Current evidence has demonstrated that naps exert positive outcomes for individuals complaining with EDS. The dosage of naps might follow similar procedures as reported for personalized interventions in diets or exercise programs (by taking the right dose, at the proper time, with a recommended frequency) which have demonstrated successfully results. Conclusions: The management of EDS may include the personalized sleep medicine considering the prescription of dosage of naps. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Diets Dose Exercise Food

A large population of strongly lensed faint submillimetre galaxies in future dark energy surveys inferred from JWST imaging

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pearson, James Serjeant, Stephen Wang, Wei-Hao Gao, Zhen-Kai Babul, Arif Chapman, Scott Chen, Chian-Chou Clements, David L. Conselice, Christopher J. Dunlop, James Fan, Lulu Ho, Luis C. Hwang, Ho Seong Koprowski, Maciej Michalowski, Michal Shim, Hyunjin Michalowski, Michal J. School of Physical Sciences The Open University Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Road VictoriaBCV8P 5C2 Canada Department of Physics & Astronomy Vancouver Campus University of British Columbia 325 - 6224 Agricultural Road VancouverBCV6T 1Z1 Canada Astrophysics Group Imperial College London Blackett Laboratory Prince Consort Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Alan Turing Building Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Institute for Astronomy Royal Observatory Blackford Hill EdinburghEH9 3HJ United Kingdom Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University 5 Yi He Yuan Road Haidian District Beijing100871 China Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Institute of Astronomy Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziądzka 5 Toruń87-100 Poland Astronomical Observatory Institute Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań ul. Sloneczna 36 Poznań60-286 Poland Department of Earth Science Education Kyungpook National University 80 Daehak-ro Buk-gu Daegu41566 Korea Republic of

Bright galaxies at sub-millimetre wavelengths from Herschel are now well known to be predominantly strongly gravitationally lensed. The same models that successfully predicted this strongly lensed population also predict about one percent of faint 450 μm -selected galaxies from deep James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) surveys will also be strongly lensed. Follow-up ALMA campaigns have so far found one potential lens candidate, but without clear compelling evidence e.g. from lensing arcs. Here we report the discovery of a compelling gravitational lens system confirming the lensing population predictions, with a zs = 3.4 ± 0.4 submm source lensed by a zspec = 0.360 foreground galaxy within the COSMOS field, identified through public JWST imaging of a 450 μm source in the SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES) catalogue. These systems will typically be well within the detectable range of future wide-field surveys such as Euclid and Roman, and since sub-millimetre galaxies are predominantly very red at optical/near-infrared wavelengths, they will tend to appear in near-infrared channels only. Extrapolating to the Euclid-Wide survey, we predict tens of thousands of strongly lensed near-infrared galaxies. This will be transformative for the study of dusty star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon, but will be a contaminant population in searches for strongly lensed ultra-high-redshift galaxies in Euclid and Roman. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

Acute skeletal muscle wasting in patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous kidney replacement therapy: A prospective multicenter study

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Journal of critical care 2025年 89卷 155142页

作者： Kirby P Mayer J Pedro Teixeira Felipe González-Seguel Vinh Q Tran Jessica M Gross Arimitsu Horikawa-Strakovsky Chaitanya Anil Pal Zan T Shareef Hayley Puffer Israel Yuan Wen Benjamin R Griffin Javier A Neyra Department of Physical Therapy College of Health Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA Center for Muscle Biology University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA. Electronic address: kpmaye2@uky.edu. Division of Nephrology University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA. Center for Muscle Biology University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA School of Physical Therapy Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Chile. Division of Physical Therapy Department of Orthopaedics University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA. Clinical and Translational Science Center University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM USA. Math Science and Technology Center Program Paul Laurence Dunbar High School Lexington KY USA Institute for Biomedical Informatics University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA. Division of Nephrology University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA. Institute for Biomedical Informatics University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA Department of Physiology College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA. Division of Nephrology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City IA USA. Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA. Electronic address: jneyra@uabmc.edu.

PURPOSE:Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) has been hypothesized to increase the risk of developing intensive care unit-associated weakness (ICU-AW), but prospective data are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This prospective observational study evaluated critically ill adults with AKI requiring CKRT at two U.S. academic hospitals. Using ultrasonography (US), we quantified changes in rectus femoris (RF) muscle mass and quality in the first week after CKRT initiation. At hospital discharge, we assessed for ICU-AW, physical function, and frailty. RESULTS:Twenty-three patients with median age 56 [IQR 47-60] years, BMI 29 [26-36] kg/m, and Charlson Comorbidity Index 3 [1.5-5] were enrolled. The baseline Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 9 [7.5-11.5] and CKRT duration was 4 [1-7] days. Six (26 %) patients died in the ICU and one (4 %) transitioned to comfort measures before study completion. Substantial muscle wasting occurred between Day 1 and Day 7: RF muscle thickness (mT) decreased by 10 % [3 %-20 %]; RF cross-sectional area (CSA) decreased by 19 % [12 %-22 %]; and echo intensity (EI) increased (implying worse muscle quality) by 14 % [5 %-25 %]. A significant effect of time within subjects was observed for all three ultrasound measures (CSA: F = 66.2, p < 0.001; mT: F = 27.1, p < 0.001; EI: F = 22.5, p < 0.001). At hospital discharge, 67 % of survivors (n = 10/15) met criteria for ICU-AW. CONCLUSIONS:Patients with AKI requiring CKRT experienced significant muscle wasting in the first week following CKRT initiation and had high rate of ICU-AW at hospital discharge. TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT05287204, Registered 20 October 2021.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Continuous kidney replacement therapy Dialysis ICU-acquired weakness Muscle weakness physical frailty physical function

An Ice Age JWST inventory of dense molecular cloud ices

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arXiv 2023年

作者： McClure, M.K. Rocha, W.R.M. Pontoppidan, K.M. Crouzet, N. Chu, L.E.U. Dartois, E. Lamberts, T. Noble, J.A. Pendleton, Y.J. Perotti, G. Qasim, D. Rachid, M.G. Smith, Z.L. Sun, F. Beck, Tracy L. Boogert, A.C.A. Brown, W.A. Caselli, P. Charnley, S.B. Cuppen, Herma M. Dickinson, H. Drozdovskaya, M.N. Egami, E. Erkal, J. Fraser, H. Garrod, R.T. Harsono, D. Ioppolo, S. Jiménez-Serra, I. Jin, M. Jørgensen, J.K. Kristensen, L.E. Lis, D.C. McCoustra, M.R.S. McGuire, Brett A. Melnick, G.J. Öberg, Karin I. Palumbo, M.E. Shimonishi, T. Sturm, J.A. van Dishoeck, E.F. Linnartz, H. Leiden Observatory Leiden University PO Box 9513 LeidenNL–2300 RA Netherlands Laboratory for Astrophysics Leiden Observatory Leiden University PO Box 9513 LeidenNL–2300 RA Netherlands Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow NASA Ames Research Center M/S 245-1 Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay CNRS Univ. Paris-Saclay Orsay91405 France Leiden Institute of Chemistry Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden University PO Box 9502 Leiden2300 RA Netherlands Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires CNRS Aix Marseille Univ. Marseille13397 France Department of Physics University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Southwest Research Institute San AntonioTX78238 United States School of Physical Sciences The Open University Walton Hall Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai’i at Manoa 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Department of Chemistry University of Sussex Falmer BrightonBN1 9QG United Kingdom Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik Gießenbachstrasse 1 Garching bei München85748 Germany Solar System Exploration Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Nijmegen6525 AJ Netherlands Center for Space and Habitability Universität Bern Gesellschaftsstrasse 6 Bern3012 Switzerland Departments of Astronomy & Chemistry University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Institute of Astronomy Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Center for Interstellar Catalysis Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 120 Aarhus C80

Icy grain mantles are the main reservoir of the volatile elements that link chemical processes in dark, interstellar clouds with the formation of planets and composition of their atmospheres. The initial ice composition is set in the cold, dense parts of molecular clouds, prior to the onset of star formation. With the exquisite sensitivity of JWST, this critical stage of ice evolution is now accessible for detailed study. Here we show the first results of the Early Release science program "Ice Age" that reveal the rich composition of these dense cloud ices. Weak ices, including, 13CO2, OCN−13CO, OCS, and COMs functional groups are now detected along two pre-stellar lines of sight. The 12CO2 ice profile indicates modest growth of the icy grains. Column densities of the major and minor ice species indicate that ices contribute between 2 and 19% of the bulk budgets of the key C, O, N, and S elements. Our results suggest that the formation of simple and complex molecules could begin early in a water-ice rich environment. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Budget control

Study of flavor dependence of the baryon-to-meson ratio in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV

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physical Review D 2023年第11期108卷 112003-112003页

作者： S. Acharya D. Adamová G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt A. R. Altamura I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei N. Andreou A. Andronic V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli M. Aresti R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck M. D. Azmi H. Baba A. Badalà J. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis D. Banerjee Z. Banoo R. Barbera F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou B. Barman G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova G. Bencedi S. Beole Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo H. Bossi E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino P. Buhler N. Burmasov Z. Buthelezi A. Bylinkin S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato E. S. Chizzali J. Cho S. Cho P. Cho Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Bologna Italy Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Bari Italy Physik Department Technische Universität München Munich Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania University of Derby Derby United Kingdom Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS-IN2P3 Grenoble France Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Univers

The production cross sections of D0 and Λc+ hadrons originating from beauty-hadron decays (i.e., nonprompt) were measured for the first time at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) by the ALICE Collaboration in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=13 TeV. They are described within uncertainties by perturbative QCD calculations employing the fragmentation fractions of beauty quarks to baryons measured at forward rapidity by the LHCb Collaboration. The bb¯ production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity, estimated from these measurements, is dσbb¯/dy||y|<0.5=83.1±3.5(stat)±5.4(syst)−3.2+12.3(extrap) μb. The baryon-to-meson ratios are computed to investigate the hadronization mechanism of beauty quarks. The nonprompt Λc+/D0 production ratio has a similar trend to the one measured for the promptly produced charmed particles and to the p/π+ and Λ/KS0 ratios, suggesting a similar baryon-formation mechanism among light, strange, charm, and beauty hadrons. The pT -integrated nonprompt Λc+/D0 ratio is found to be significantly higher than the one measured in e+e− collisions.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions Particle production Bottom quark

Pseudorapidity densities of charged particles with transverse momentum thresholds in pp collisions at s=5.02 and 13 TeV

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physical Review D 2023年第7期108卷 072008-072008页

作者： S. Acharya D. Adamová A. Adler G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei A. Andronic V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli M. Aresti R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck M. D. Azmi A. Badalà J. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis D. Banerjee Z. Banoo R. Barbera F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova V. Belyaev G. Bencedi S. Beole A. Bercuci Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár A. Bolozdynya M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo H. Bossi E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino O. Bugnon P. Buhler Z. Buthelezi S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato E. S. Chizzali J. Cho S. Cho P. Chochula P. Chri Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Bologna Italy Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS-IN2P3 Grenoble France Universidade de São Paulo (USP

The pseudorapidity density of charged particles with minimum transverse momentum (pT) thresholds of 0.15, 0.5, 1, and 2 GeV/c is measured in pp collisions at the center of mass energies of s=5.02 and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. The study is carried out for inelastic collisions with at least one primary charged particle having a pseudorapidity (η) within ±0.8 and pT larger than the corresponding threshold. In addition, measurements without pT-thresholds are performed for inelastic and nonsingle-diffractive events as well as for inelastic events with at least one charged particle having |η|<1 in pp collisions at s=5.02 TeV for the first time at the LHC. These measurements are compared to the pythia 6, pythia 8, and epos-lhc models. In general, the models describe the η dependence of particle production well. However, discrepancies are observed for the highest transverse momentum threshold (pT>2 GeV/c), highlighting the importance of such measurements for tuning event generators. The new measurements agree within uncertainties with results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments obtained at s=13 TeV.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions Particle production QCD phenomenology

Frictional effects on RNA folding: Speed limit and Kramers turnover

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Hori, Naoto Denesyuk, Natalia A. Thirumalai, D. Department of Chemistry University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States Biophysics Program Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

We investigated frictional effects on the folding rates of a human telomerase hairpin (hTR HP) and H-type pseudoknot from the Beet Western Yellow Virus (BWYV PK) using simulations of the Three Interaction Site (TIS) model for RNA. The heat capacity from TIS model simulations, calculated using temperature replica exchange simulations, reproduces nearly quantitatively the available experimental data for the hTR HP. The corresponding results for BWYV PK serve as predictions. We calculated the folding rates (kF) from more than 100 folding trajectories for each value of the solvent viscosity (η) at a fixed salt concentration of 200 mM. By using the theoretical estimate (∝√N where N is the number of nucleotides) for folding free energy barrier, kF data for both the RNAs are quantitatively fit using one-dimensional Kramers’ theory with two parameters specifying the curvatures in the unfolded basin and the barrier top. In the high-friction regime (η & 10−5 Pa·s), for both HP and PK, kFs decrease as 1/η whereas in the low friction regime, kF values increase as η increases, leading to a maximum folding rate at a moderate viscosity (∼ 10−6 Pa·s), which is the Kramers turnover. From the fits, we find that the speed limit to RNA folding at water viscosity is between 1 and 4 µs, which is in accord with our previous theoretical prediction as well as results from several single molecule experiments. Both the RNA constructs fold by parallel pathways. Surprisingly, we find that the flux through the pathways could be altered by changing solvent viscosity, a prediction that is more easily testable in RNA than in proteins. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： RNA

Limits on the Ejecta Mass During the Search for Kilonovae Associated with Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers: A case study of S230518h, GW230529, S230627c and the Low-Significance Candidate S240422ed

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pillas, M. Antier, S. Ackley, K. Ahumada, T. Akl, D. de Almeida, L. Anand, S. Andrade, C. Andreoni, I. Bostroem, K.A. Bulla, M. Burns, E. Cabrera, T. Chang, S. Choi, H. O’Connor, B. Coughlin, M.W. Corradi, W. Gibbs, A.R. Dietrich, T. Dornic, D. Ducoin, J.-G. Duverne, P.-A. Dyer, M. Eggenstein, H.-B. Freeberg, M. Fausnaugh, M. Fong, W. Foucart, F. Frostig, D. Guessoum, N. Gupta, V. Hello, P. Hosseinzadeh, G. Hu, L. Hussenot-Desenonges, T. Im, M. Jayaraman, R. Jeong, M. Karambelkar, V. Karpov, S. Kasliwal, M. Kilpatrick, C.D. Kim, S. Kochiashvili, N. Kunnumkai, K. Lamoureux, M. Lee, C.U. Lourie, N. Lyman, J. Magnani, F. Mašek, M. Mo, G. Molham, M. Navarete, F. O’Neill, D. Nicholl, M. Nitz, A.H. Noysena, K. Paek, G.S.H. Palmese, A. Poggiani, R. Pradier, T. Pyshna, O. Rajabov, Y. Rastinejad, J.C. Sand, D.J. Shawhan, P. Shrestha, M. Simcoe, R. Smartt, S.J. Steeghs, D. Stein, R. Stevance, H.F. Sun, M. Takey, A. Toivonen, A. Turpin, D. Ulaczyk, K. Wold, A. Wouters, T. STAR Institute Liege University Allée du Six Août Liege19C B-4000 Belgium Université de la Côte d’Azur ARTEMIS Nice France IJCLab Univ Paris-Saclay CNRS IN2P3 Orsay France Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CoventryCV4 7AL United Kingdom Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States American University of Sharjah Physics Department PO Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica Rua Estado Unidos 154 - MG Itajubá37504-364 Brazil School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599-3255 United States Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721-0065 United States Department of Physics and Earth Science University of Ferrara via Saragat 1 FerraraI-44122 Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara via Saragat 1 FerraraI-44122 Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo via Mentore Maggini snc Teramo64100 Italy Department of Physics & Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States SNU Astronomy Research Center Astronomy Program Department of Physics & Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona 1629 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721-0092 United States Institut für Physik und Astronomie Universität Potsdam Haus 28 Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25 Potsdam14476 Germany Am Mühlenberg 1 Potsdam14476 Germany CPPM Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Astrophysics Research Cluster School of Mathematical and

Neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers, detectable via their gravitational-wave (GW) emission, are expected to produce kilonovae (KNe). Four NSBH candidates have been identified and followed-up by more than fifty instruments since the start of the fourth GW Observing Run (O4), in May 2023, up to July 2024;however, no confirmed associated KN has been detected. This study evaluates ejecta properties from multi-messenger observations to understand the absence of detectable KN: we use GW public information and joint observations taken from 05.2023 to 07.2024 (LVK, ATLAS, DECam, GECKO, GOTO, GRANDMA, SAGUARO, TESS, WINTER, ZTF). First, our analysis on followup observation strategies shows that, on average, more than 50% of the simulated KNe associated with NSBH mergers reach their peak luminosity around one day after merger in the g, r, i- bands, which is not necessarily covered for each NSBH GW candidate. We also analyze the trade-off between observation efficiency and the intrinsic properties of the KN emission, to understand the impact on how these constraints affect our ability to detect the KN, and underlying ejecta properties for each GW candidate. In particular, we can only confirm the kilonova was not missed for 1% of the GW230529 and S230627c sky localization region, given the large sky localization error of GW230529 and the large distance for S230627c and, their respective KN faint luminosities. More constraining, for S230518h, we infer the dynamical ejecta and post-merger disk wind ejecta mdyn, mwind ☉ and the viewing angle θ > 25◦. Similarly, the non-astrophysical origin of S240422ed is likely further confirmed by the fact that we would have detected even a faint KN at the time and presumed distance of the S240422ed event candidate, within a minimum 45% credible region of the sky area, that can be larger depending on the KN scenario. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Black holes