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science China Life sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1536-1540页

作者： Hao Xu Shibo Zhou Zefeng Zhu Vincenzo Vitelli Liangyi Chen Ziwei Dai Ning Yang Luhua Lai Shengyong Yang Sergey Ovchinnikov Zhuoran Qiao Sirui Liu Chen Song Jianfeng Pei Han Wen Jianfeng Feng Yaoyao Zhang Zhengwei Xie Yang-Yu Liu Zhiyuan Li Fulai Jin Hao Li Mohammad Lotfollahi Xuegong Zhang Ge Yang Shihua Zhang Ge Gao Pulin Li Qi Liu Jing-Dong Jackie Han Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (CLS) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Department of Physics University of Chicago School of Life Sciences Southern University of Science and Technology Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lambic Therapeutics Inc. Changping Laboratory Al for Science Institute Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Peking University International Cancer Institute and Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Institute and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterPeking University Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling the Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences School of Medicine and Department of Computer and Data Sciences and Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California Sanger Institute Department of Automation Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems I

The development of artificial intelligence(AI) and the mining of biomedical data complement each other. From the direct use of computer vision results to analyze medical images for disease screening, to now integrating biological knowledge into models and even accelerating the development of new AI based on biological discoveries, the boundaries of both are constantly expanding, and their connections are becoming closer.

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Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked Gelatins Using the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Technique

Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked G...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Walden, D. Chakraborty, D. Cheng, J. Straksys, A. Stirke, A. Melo, W.C.M.A. Jukna, A. Komissarov, I. Sobolewski, Roman Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester RochesterNY14623-1299 United States Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences & Technology Vilnius Lithuania Department of Physics Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Vilnius Lithuania Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States

A novel method has been developed to evaluate the water diffusion dynamics in gelatin-based gels, based on transient terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements. Such gels are widely used models for human skin. &#... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Transient analysis

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Large-eddy simulation of Rayleigh-Bénard convection at extreme Rayleigh numbers

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Samuel, Roshan Samtaney, Ravi Verma, Mahendra K. Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur208016 India Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur208016 India

We adopt the stretched spiral vortex sub-grid model for large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent convection at extreme Rayleigh numbers. We simulate Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) for Rayleigh numbers ranging from 106 to 1015 and for Prandtl numbers 0.768 and 1. We choose a box of dimensions 1:1:10 to reduce computational cost. Our LES yields Nusselt and Reynolds numbers that are in good agreement with the direct-numerical simulation (DNS) results of Iyer et al.1, albeit with a smaller grid size and at significantly reduced computational expense. For example, in our simulations at Ra = 1013, we use grids that are 1/120 times the grid-resolution as that of the DNS1. The Reynolds numbers in our simulations span 3 orders of magnitude from 1,000 to 1,700,000. Consistent with the literature, we obtain scaling relations for Nusselt and Reynolds numbers as Nu ∼ Ra0.317 and Re ∼ Ra0.497. We also perform LES of RBC with periodic side-walls, for which we obtain the corresponding scaling exponents as 0.343 and 0.477 respectively. Our LES is a promising tool to push simulations of thermal convection to extreme Rayleigh numbers, and hence enable us to test the transition to ultimate convection regime. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Large eddy simulation

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Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked Gelatins Using the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Technique

Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked G...

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CLEO: Applications and technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

关键词： Terahertz spectroscopy

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Mental Health, Loneliness, and Social Support Among Undergraduate Students: A Multinational Study in Asia

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Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 2023年第4期35卷 244-250页

作者： Backhaus, Insa Fitri, Mustika Esfahani, Mahdi Ngo, Huyen Thi Lin, Li-Jung Yamanaka, Akira Alhumaid, Majed M. Qin, Ling Khan, Azizuddin Fadzullah, Nur ’Ashikin Khoo, Selina Institute of Medical Sociology Centre for Health and Society Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany Sport Science Study Program Faculty of Sport and Health Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia Department of Sport Science Imam Reza International University Mashhad Iran Faculty of Library and Information Science University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Graduate Institute of Sport Leisure & Hospitality Management National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation Ehime University Ehime Japan Department of Physical Education College of Education King Faisal University Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia Faculty of Physical Education and Health Sciences Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China Psychophysiology Laboratory Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor mental health and its association with loneliness and social support among 3531 undergraduate students in nine Asian countries. Mental health was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, which was developed by the World Health Organization. Across the entire sample, we detected that nearly half of the students reported poor mental health according to the Self-Reporting Questionnaire and nearly one out of seven students felt lonely. While feeling lonely increased the odds of experiencing poor mental health (odds ratio [OR]), moderate (OR: 0.35) and strong social support (OR: 0.18) decreases the odds of experiencing poor mental health. The high prevalence of poor mental health calls for further in-depth investigations and implementation of mental health support interventions. © 2023 APJPH.

关键词： loneliness mental health social support university students

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Mechanical and radiation shielding properties of Philippine natural zeolite-mixed concrete

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Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2025年 236卷

作者： Rosero, Maria Cecilia SB. Grande, Marianna Lourdes Marie L. Inocencio, Eric M. Gili, Mon Bryan Z. Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics – University of the Philippines Manila Ermita Manila1000 Philippines Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Nuclear Research Institute Commonwealth Avenue Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Medical Imaging Department Las Piñas General Hospital and Satellite Trauma Center Las Piñas City1742 Philippines Materials Science and Engineering Program College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines

This study investigated the mechanical and radiation shielding properties of Philippine natural zeolite (PNZ)-mixed concrete as a potential sustainable alternative to traditional cement in radiation shielding applications. Concrete mixtures with 0 %, 20 %, and 40 % PNZ replacement were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and radiation shielding efficiency against X-ray and gamma radiation. The specific density of the control sample (pure concrete) is 1.75 g/cm3 while the concrete with 20 % and 40 % cement replacements were 1.62 and 1.61 g/cm3, respectively. Results showed that the 40 % PNZ mixture exhibited the highest mechanical strength, with a 400 % increase in the average compressive strength from the pure concrete mixture, attributed to the pozzolanic reaction between zeolite and calcium hydroxide. The 20 % PNZ mixture demonstrated the best radiation shielding performance, achieving the highest linear attenuation coefficients of 0.623, 0.433, 0.421, and 0.167 cm−1 at 65, 100, 118, and 662 keV, respectively. As a result, the concrete with 20 % cement replacement also exhibited the highest mass attenuation coefficients at these energies. The total atomic cross-section followed the trend 0 % > 20 % > 40 %, with the control sample having the lowest mean free path (MFP) and half-value layer (HVL) at lower energies. Experimental and simulation results confirmed that the 20 % PNZ mixture offers an optimal balance between mechanical strength and radiation shielding while promoting sustainability by reducing cement usage. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Reactor shielding

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Accelerating all-atom simulations and gaining mechanistic understanding of biophysical systems through State Predictive Information Bottleneck

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mehdi, Shams Wang, Dedi Pant, Shashank Tiwary, Pratyush Biophysics Program and Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park20742 United States Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Loxo Oncology-Lilly BoulderCO United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park20742 United States

An effective implementation of enhanced sampling algorithms for molecular dynamics simulations requires a priori knowledge of the approximate reaction coordinate describing the relevant mechanisms in the system. Here we demonstrate how the artificial intelligence based recent State Predictive Information Bottleneck (SPIB) approach can learn such a reaction coordinate as a deep neural network even from under-sampled trajectories. We demonstrate its usefulness by achieving more than 40 magnitudes of acceleration in simulating two test-piece biophysical systems through well-tempered metadynamics performed by biasing along the SPIB learned reaction coordinate. These include left-to right-handed chirality transitions in a synthetic protein (Aib)9, and permeation of a small, asymmetric molecule benzoic acid through a synthetic, symmetric phospholipid bilayer. In addition to significantly accelerating the dynamics and achieving back-and-forth movement between different metastable states, the SPIB based reaction coordinate gives mechanistic insight into the processes driving these two important problems. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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Direct observation of structural phase transformations during continuous phosphorus deposition on Cu(111)

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： David, Jiří Jeřábek, František Procházka, Pavel Černý, Miroslav Ciobanu, Cristian V. Průša, Stanislav Šikola, Tomáš Kodambaka, Suneel Kolíbal, Miroslav Institute of Physical Engineering Brno University of Technology Technická 2 Brno616 69 Czech Republic CEITEC BUT. Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 Brno612 00 Czech Republic Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Science Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States

Blue phosphorene - two-dimensional, hexagonal-structured, semiconducting phosphorus - has gained attention as it is considered easier to synthesize on metal surfaces than its allotrope, black phosphorene. Recent studies report different structures of phosphorene, for example, on Cu(111), but the underlying mechanisms of their formation are not known. Here, using a combination of in situ ultrahigh vacuum low-energy electron microscopy and in vacuo scanning tunneling microscopy, we determine the time-evolution of the surface structure and morphology during the deposition of phosphorus on single-crystalline Cu(111). We find that during early stages of deposition, phosphorus intermixes with Cu, resulting in copper phosphide structures. With increasing surface concentration of phosphorus, the phosphide phase disappears and a blue phosphorene layer forms, followed by self-assembly of highly ordered phosphorus clusters that eventually grow into multilayer islands. We attribute the unexpected transformation of stable phosphide to a phosphorene layer, and the previously unreported multilayer growth, to the presence of a large concentration of P2 dimers on the surface. Our results constitute direct evidence for a new growth mode leading to a phosphorene layer via an intermediary phase, which could underpin the growth of other 2D materials on strongly interacting substrates. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Self assembly

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Transforming Near-Infrared Photodetectors with Perovskites: Materials, Strategies, and Future Outlook

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Energy and Fuels 2025年第23期39卷 10744-10767页

作者： Xu, Ruizhi Chin, Xin Yu White, Luke R. W. Mhaisalkar, Subodh G. Bruno, Annalisa Energy Research Institute @ NTU Nanyang Technological University Research Techno Plaza 50 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637553 Singapore Interdsciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637553 Singapore School of Physical and Mathematical Science Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST) Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Gyeonggi-do Suwon-si 16419 South Korea

Photodetectors, capable of transforming optical stimuli to electrical signals, have experienced unprecedented growth in their development recently due to rapidly growing demand in sensing, imaging, and communication. Particularly, near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors garnered much attention for decades for their sophisticated applications, including advanced imaging of energy dissipation, solar spectrum monitoring, biomedical imaging, optical communication, environmental monitoring, augmented reality, etc. In an effort to obtain better photodetector performance in the NIR region, various inorganic material platforms have been explored, spanning traditional inorganic semiconductors exemplified by silicon, germanium, III-V materials, low-dimensional materials, polymers, and their heterostructures. Although conventional inorganic photodetectors are well-known for their high sensitivity and fast response times, they are often discouraged by high fabrication costs, rigid device structures, and poor industrial scalability. Fortunately, recent progress of perovskite materials in various optoelectronics validates the outstanding properties of perovskites, including adjustable bandgaps, strong light absorption, large exciton binding energy, and compatibility with flexible substrates. These properties of perovskite materials lay a solid foundation for low-cost, high-performance, and scalable NIR photodetectors. This review offers a comprehensive roadmap of the recent development of NIR photodetectors, which examines the advancements in inorganic-, polymer-, and perovskite-based devices. The review analyzes several engineering strategies in tailoring device performance metrics and fabrication methods while addressing methods tackling challenges in maintaining stability and scalability and mitigating environmental impact. Additionally, this work specifically highlights recent innovations in perovskite photoactive layers such as multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and perovskite heteros

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Collective Vortical Motion and Vorticity Reversals of Self-Propelled Particles on Circularly Patterned Substrates

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wen, Haosheng Zhu, Yu Peng, Chenhui Kumar, P.B. Sunil Laradji, Mohamed Department of Physics and Materials Science The University of Memphis MemphisTN38152 United States Biophysics Graduate Program The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala Palakkad668557 India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamil Nadu Chennai600036 India

The collective behavior of self-propelled particles (SPPs) under the combined effects of a circularly patterned substrate and circular confinement is investigated through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of polarized and disjoint ring polymers. The study is performed over a wide range of values of the SPPs packing fraction φ¯, motility force FD, and area fraction of the patterned region. At low packing fractions, the SPPs are excluded from the system’s center and exhibit a vortical motion that is dominated by the substrate at intermediate values of FD. This exclusion zone is due to the coupling between the driving force and torque induced by the substrate, which induces an outward spiral motion of the SPPs. For high values of FD, the SPPs exclusion from the center is dominated by the confining boundary. At high values of φ¯, the substrate pattern leads to reversals in the vorticity, which become quasi-periodic with increasing φ¯. We also found that the substrate pattern is able to separate SPPs based on their motilities. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Substrates

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