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A parametric analysis of the anatomy and physiology of the stomata

Agricultural Meteorology 1974年第1-2期14卷 229-241页

作者： DeMichele, Don W. Sharpe, Peter J.H. Biosystems Research Group Bioengineering Program Texas A and M University College Station TX United States

This paper highlights the stomatal dimensions and pressure relationships which might be genetically or environmentally altered to improve a plant's water-use efficiency. A simplified mathematical model of the guard cell has been shown to be consistent with experimental observations, and based upon this model a parametric analysis has been carried out. The model presented herein has revealed that the following cellular characteristics affect stomatal response to water stress: (a) the osmotic potential of the guard cell;(b) the osmotic potential of the epidermal cells;(c) the semi-circumference of the pore;(d) the wall thickness of the guard cell;(e) the modulus of elasticity of the cell wall material;and (f) the size of the guard cell itself. © 1974.

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Detecting single Bacillus spores by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 2008年第4期2卷 247-253页

作者： He, Lili Liu, Yang Lin, Mengshi Mustapha, Azlin Wang, Yifen Food Science Program Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 United States Department of Biosystems Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 United States

Detection of Bacillus spores is of considerable importance to the food industry since they can survive standard processing procedures and sanitation treatments. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with gold SERS-active substrates was used to detect and discriminate among five Bacillus spores (B. cereus ATCC 13061, B. cereus ATCC 10876, B. cereus sp., B. subtilis sp., and B. stearothermophilus sp.). Tremendously enhanced Raman signals of Bacillus spores deposited onto the gold substrates were detected, allowing the limit of detection (LOD) of SERS to reach the level of a single spore. Distinct spectral differences were observed between different Bacillus spores. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principle component analysis (PCA) show clear data segregations at the species level between five Bacillus spores. Principle component (PC) values indicate that the Raman shift range between 900 and 1200 cm-1 contributed significantly to the total data variance in the PCA results. In particular, a prominent band of dipicolinic acid (DPA) was observed at 998 cm-1 and served as a biomarker for bacterial spores. This study demonstrates that SERS coupled with gold nanosubstrates is able to detect and discriminate single Bacillus spores non-destructively and with minimum sample preparation. SERS method is a promising tool for rapid, ultra-sensitive, and selective detection of bacterial spores, potentially in foods and other complex biological matrices. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy

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Biomimetic in silico devices

Biomimetic in silico devices

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International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology, CMSB 2004

作者： Hunt, C. Anthony Ropella, Glen E. P. Roberts, Michael S. Yan, Li Dept. of Biopharmaceutical Sciences Biosystems Group University of California San Francisco CA 94143-0446 United States Department of Medicine University of Queensland Princess Alexandra Hospital Woolloongabba Q 4102 Australia Joint UCSF UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Program

ISBN: (纸本)3540253750

We introduce biomimetic in silico devices, and means for validation along with methods for testing and refining them. The devices are constructed from adaptable software components designed to map logically to biological components at multiple levels of resolution. In this report we focus on the liver;the goal is to validate components that mimic features of the lobule (the hepatic primary functional unit) and dynamic aspects of liver behavior, structure, and function. An assembly of lobule-mimetic devices represents an in silico liver. We validate against outflow profiles for sucrose administered as a bolus to isolated, perfused rat livers. Acceptable in silico profiles are experimentally indistinguishable from those of the in situ referent. This new technology is intended to provide powerful new tools for challenging our understanding of how biological functional units function in vivo. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Biomimetic materials

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Focus on discovering mechanisms: A relativistic, agent-directed, perfused liver

Focus on discovering mechanisms: A relativistic, agent-direc...

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2009 Spring Simulation Multiconference, SpringSim 2009

作者： Lam, Tai Ning Ropella, Glen E. P. Hunt, C. Anthony Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics University of California San Francisco United States Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences BioSystems Group University of California 513 Parnassus Ave. San FranciscoCA United States Tempus Dictum Inc. United States

To facilitate integration and reconciliation between similar experiments, we need relativistic analogues that can be independent of experimental protocols;yet reasonably represent biological components and interactions among them, along with hypothesized mechanistic details. We designed, constructed and validated an analogue of a recirculating, isolated perfused liver used in a study of drug interactions between digoxin, rifampicin and quinidine. We believe these analogues can evolve into executable biological knowledge embodiments that provide concrete instances of knowledge and means to falsify mechanistic hypotheses.

关键词： Drug interactions

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Batch cultivation of bacterial cells in nanoliter reactor array

Batch cultivation of bacterial cells in nanoliter reactor ar...

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15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences 2011, MicroTAS 2011

作者： Dai, J. Yoon, S.H. Sim, H.Y. Oh, T.K. Kim, J.F. Hong, J.W. Materials Research and Education Center Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn University United States Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy Research Center Division of Biosystems Research Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Korea Republic of 21C Frontier Microbial Genomics and Applications Center Korea Republic of Biosystems and Bioengineering Program School of Science University of Science and Technology Korea Republic of Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395955

We have developed a microfluidic reactor array enabling systematic assessment of bacterial cells in a batch culture condition. This system enables creating a series of different growth conditions by preserving different growth factors inside nanoliter reactors and cultivating bacterial cells inside the reactors. From a single on-chip experiment, we determined the effects of carbon sources on bacterial phenotypes, i.e. the pattern of growth curves with Escherichia coli K-12. We demonstrated the systematic assessment of inhibition effect of antibiotics on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The present system could be used for systematic phenotypic study of different types of bacterial cells.

关键词： Escherichia coli

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Renal perfusion imaging using ultrasonic contrast agents

Renal perfusion imaging using ultrasonic contrast agents

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Pi Hsien Chang K.K. Shung H. Leverie O. Bales Bioengineering Program Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Molecular Biosystems Inc. San Diego CA USA

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The folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid elicits induced resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus and Xanthomonas axonopodis

The folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid elicits induced ...

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第十届国际植物病理学大会暨中国植物病理学会2013年学术年会

作者： G.C.Song H.K.Choi Y.S.Park C.M.Ryu Molecular Phytobacteriology Laborator KRIBBDaejeon 305-80Republic of Korea Biosystems and Bioengineering Program University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon305-350Republic of Korea

The use of vitamins including vitamin B,B and Kfor the induction of systemic acquired resistance（SAR） to protect crops against plant pathogens has been evaluated *** use of vitamins is beneficial because it is cost effective and safe for the *** use of folate precursors,including ortho-aminobenzoic acid,to induce SAR against a soft-rot pathogen in tobacco has

关键词： The folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid elicits induced resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus and Xanthomonas axonopodis

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OPTIMAL PATH PLANNING program FOR AUTONOMOUS SPEED SPRAYER IN ORCHARD USING ORDER-PICKING ALGORITHM

OPTIMAL PATH PLANNING PROGRAM FOR AUTONOMOUS SPEED SPRAYER I...

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第二届国际计算机与计算技术在农业中的应用研讨会

作者： T.S.Park S.J.Park K.Y.Hwang S.I.Cho Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering Research Institute for Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National University Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Seoul National University Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering Seoul National University

This study was conducted to develop a software program which computes optimal path for autonomous navigation in orchard,especially for speed *** of autonomous navigation in orchard were shown by other researches which have minimized distance error between planned path and performed ***,research of planning an optimal path for speed sprayer in orchard is hardly *** this study,a digital map and a database for orchard which contains GPS coordinate information(coordinates of trees and boundary of orchard) and entity information(heights and widths of trees,radius of main stem of trees,disease of trees) was *** orderpicking algorithm which has been used for management of warehouse was used to calculate optimum path based on the digital *** for digital map was created by using Microsoft Access and graphic interface for database was made by using Microsoft Visual C++ *** was possible to search and display information about boundary of an orchard,locations of trees,daily plan for scattering chemicals and plan optimal path on different orchard based on digital map,on each circumstance(starting speed sprayer in different location,scattering chemicals for only selected trees).In efficiency,developed path from this program was compared to conventional path by calculating travel distance on several *** path for rectangular-shaped orchards traveling whole trees showed the same working path as conventional ***,for irregular-shaped orchards,the program developed in 5%shorter path than conventional *** optimum path was created to travel randomly selected trees,the program developed in 11.5%shorter *** program always developed shorter path on any shape of ***-picking algorithm based optimal path developing program in orchard showed efficiency of traveling distance and expected to present path which lead working time and cost efficiently in orchard.

关键词： OPTIMAL PATH PLANNING program FOR AUTONOMOUS SPEED SPRAYER IN ORCHARD USING ORDER-PICKING ALGORITHM

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Microneedle cuff electrodes for extrafascicular peripheral nerve interfacing

Microneedle cuff electrodes for extrafascicular peripheral n...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Yogi A. Patel Andrew Willsie Isaac P. Clements Ricardo Aguilar Swaminathan Rajaraman Robert J. Butera Bioengineering Graduate Program Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Axion BioSystems Atlanta GA USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Objective. The work presented here describes a new tool for peripheral nerve interfacing, called the microneedle cuff (μN-cuff) electrode. Approach. μN arrays are designed and integrated into cuff electrodes for penetrating superficial tissues while remaining non-invasive to delicate axonal tracts. Main results. In acute testing, the presence of 75 μm height μNs decreased the electrode-tissue interface impedance by 0.34 kΩ, resulting in a 0.9 mA reduction in functional stimulation thresholds and increased the signal-to-noise ratio by 9.1 dB compared to standard (needle-less) nerve cuff electrodes. Preliminary acute characterization suggests that μN-cuff electrodes provide the stability and ease of use of standard cuff electrodes while enhancing electrical interfacing characteristics. Significance. The ability to stimulate, block, and record peripheral nerve activity with greater specificity, resolution, and fidelity can enable more precise spatiotemporal control and measurement of neural circuits.

关键词： Electrodes Standards Impedance Signal to noise ratio Force Impedance measurement Rats

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Ultrasonication of sugary -2 corn for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis

Ultrasonication of sugary -2 corn for enhanced enzymatic hyd...

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American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2008

作者： Montalbo-Lomboy, Melissa Johnson, Lawrence Khanal, Samir Kumar Van Leeuwen, J. Grewell, David Iowa State University Biorenewable Resources and Technology Program Dept Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Ames IA 50011 United States Iowa State University Center for Crop Utilization Research Ames IA 50011 United States University of Hawaii at Manoa Dept Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Honolulu HI 96822 United States Iowa State University Dept Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering Ames IA 50011 United States Iowa State University Dept Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Ames IA 50011 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605605364

This study investigates the potential application of high powered ultrasonics as a liquefaction pretreatment of sugary-2 corn slurry. Ground sugary-2 corn (Zea Mays L.) slurry was treated with ultrasonics at 20kHz and amplitudes of 192-320mpp(***-peak) for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 seconds. After sonication, enzymes (Stargen001) were added to the samples to hydrolyze the starch into fermentable sugars. It was found that the reducing sugar released in the treated samples were 6-fold higher than in the non-treated samples. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the sugary starch was partially gelatinized during sonication. This observation was confirmed by polarized-light microscopic images, where deformed "Maltese crosses" were found. The swelling rate of sonicated samples was nearly 66 times higher than when applying conventional heating. This result confirms better gelatinization capability of ultrasonics compared to conventional heating. The maximum relative net energy gain (additional chemically released energy) of the sonicated samples was at 5s of sonication time with a power setting between 248-330W. The findings in this study indicated ultrasonics as a promising pretreatment step in sugary-2 corn hydrolysis.

关键词： Saccharification

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