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arXiv 2023年

作者： Amsler, Maximilian Deglmann, Peter Degroote, Matthias Kaicher, Michael P. Kiser, Matthew Kühn, Michael Kumar, Chandan Maier, Andreas Samsonidze, Georgy Schroeder, Anna Streif, Michael Vodola, Davide Wever, Christopher Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering Robert Bosch GmbH Robert-Bosch-Campus 1 Renningen71272 Germany BASF SE Quantum Chemistry Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 Ludwigshafen67063 Germany BASF Digital Solutions GmbH Next Generation Computing Pfalzgrafenstr. 1 Ludwigshafen67056 Germany Quantum Lab Boehringer Ingelheim Ingelheim am Rhein Germany Volkswagen AG Ungererstr. 69 Munich80805 Germany TUM School of Natural Sciences Technical University of Munich Boltzmannstr. 10 Garching85748 Germany BMW Group New Technology and Innovation Parkring 19-23 Garching Munich85748 Germany Munich Re AG Munich Germany Robert Bosch LLC Research and Technology Center SunnyvaleCA94085 United States Merck KGaA Frankfurter Straße 250 Darmstadt64293 Germany Quantum Computing Group Department of Computer Science Technical University of Darmstadt Mornewegstraße 30 Darmstadt64293 Germany

In this work, we test a recently developed method to enhance classical auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) calculations with quantum computers against examples from chemistry and material science, representatives of classes of industry-relevant systems. As molecular test cases, we calculate the energy curve of H4 and relative energies of ozone and singlet molecular oxygen with respect to triplet molecular oxygen, which are industrially relevant in organic oxidation reactions. We find that trial wave functions beyond single Slater determinants improve the performance of AFQMC and allow to generate energies close to chemical accuracy compared to full configuration interaction (FCI) or experimental results. As a representative for material science we study a quasi-1D Fermi-Hubbard model derived from CuBr2, a compound displaying electronic structure properties analogous to cuprates. We find that trial wave functions with both, significantly larger fidelities and lower energies over a Hartree-Fock solution, do not necessarily lead to better AFQMC results. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wave functions

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Explainable AI: Definition and attributes of a good explanation for health AI

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kyrimi, Evangelia McLachlan, Scott Wohlgemut, Jared M. Perkins, Zane B. Lagnado, David A. Marsh, William Gimson, Alexander Shafti, Ali Ercole, Ari Banerjee, Amitava Glocker, Ben Schafer, Burkhard Gatsonis, Constantine Grosan, Crina Sent, Danielle Berman, David S. Glass, David O'Regan, Declan P. Letsios, Dimitrios Morrissey, Dylan Pisirir, Erhan Leofante, Francesco Soyel, Hamit Williamson, Jon Grieman, Keri Dube, Kudakwashe Mardsen, Max Nagendran, Myura Tai, Nigel Kostopoulou, Olga Jones, Owain Curzon, Paul Stoner, Rebecca S. Tandle, Sankalp Joshi, Shalmali Mossadegh, Somayyeh Buijsman, Stefan Miller, Tim Madai, Vince Istvan School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom School of Nursing Midwifery and Palliative Care King's College London London United Kingdom Centre for Trauma Sciences Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust London United Kingdom Department of Experiment Psychology University College London London United Kingdom Cambridge Liver Unit Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge University Hospitals Hills Road Box 210 Cambridge United Kingdom University of Cambridge United Kingdom Cambridge Consultants Ltd. United Kingdom Division of Anaesthesia Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Magdelene College University of Cambridge United Kingdom Institute of Health Informatics University College London London United Kingdom Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom SCRIPT Centre for IT and IP Law School of Law University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Center for Statistical Sciences School of Public Health Brown University Providence United States Research Group Artificial Intelligence HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht Netherlands Jheronimus Academy of Data Science Tilburg University Eindhoven University of Technology s-Hertogenbosch Netherlands Centre for Theoretical Physics Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom School of Computing Ulster University Belfast United Kingdom MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Informatics King's College London United Kingdom Physiotherapy Department Barts Health NHS Trust London United Kingdom Sport and Exercise Medicine Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom Department of Computing Imperial College London United Kingdom Departmen

Proposals of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions based on increasingly complex and accurate predictive models are becoming ubiquitous across many disciplines. As the complexity of these models grows, transparency and users' understanding often diminish. This suggests that accurate prediction alone is insufficient for making an AI-based solution truly useful. In the development of healthcare systems, this introduces new issues related to accountability and safety. Understanding how and why an AI system makes a recommendation may require complex explanations of its inner workings and reasoning processes. Although research on explainable AI (XAI) has significantly increased in recent years and there is high demand for XAI in medicine, defining what constitutes a good explanation remains ad hoc, and providing adequate explanations continues to be challenging. To fully realize the potential of AI, it is critical to address two fundamental questions about explanations for safety-critical AI applications, such as health-AI: (1) What is an explanation in health-AI? and (2) What are the attributes of a good explanation in health-AI? In this study, we examined published literature and gathered expert opinions through a two-round Delphi study. The research outputs include (1) a definition of what constitutes an explanation in health-AI and (2) a comprehensive list of attributes that characterize a good explanation in health-AI. © 2024, CC BY.

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Low-velocity-favored transition radiation

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Jialin Chen, Ruoxi Gong, Zheng Hu, Hao Yang, Yi Zhang, Xinyan Wang, Chan Kaminer, Ido Chen, Hongsheng Zhang, Baile Lin, Xiao Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJUHangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Department of Physics University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing312000 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore

When a charged particle penetrates through an optical interface, photon emissions emerge — a phenomenon known as transition radiation. Being paramount to fundamental physics, transition radiation has enabled many applications from high-energy particle identification to novel light sources. A rule of thumb in transition radiation is that the radiation intensity generally decreases with the particle velocity v;as a result, low-energy particles are not favored in practice. Here we find that there exist situations where transition radiation from particles with extremely low velocities (e.g. v/c −3) exhibits comparable intensity as that from high-energy particles (e.g. v/c = 0. 999), where c is light speed in free space. The comparable radiation intensity implies an extremely high photon extraction efficiency from low-energy particles, up to eight orders of magnitude larger than that from high-energy particles. This exotic phenomenon of low-velocity-favored transition radiation originates from the excitation of Ferrell-Berreman modes in epsilon-near-zero materials. Our findings may provide a promising route towards the design of integrated light sources based on low-energy electrons and specialized detectors for beyond-standard-model particles. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Light sources

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Use of technology and innovations in the COVID-19 pandemic response in Africa

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Maharana, Adyasha Amutorine, Morine Sengeh, Moinina David Nsoesie, Elaine O. Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States United Nations Data Innovations Lab Kampala Uganda Directorate of Science Technology and Innovation Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Global Health School of Public Health Boston University 801 Massachusetts Ave Crosstown Center 3rd Floor BostonMA02119 United States

The use of technology has been ubiquitous in efforts to combat the ongoing public health crisis due to emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. African countries have made tremendous use of technology to disseminate information, counter the spread of COVID-19, and develop cutting-edge techniques to help with diagnosis, treatment and management of patients. The nature and outcomes of these efforts sometimes differ in Africa compared to other areas of the world due to its unique challenges and opportunities. Several countries have developed innovative technology-driven solutions to cater to a diverse population with varying access to technology. Much of the efforts are also earmarked by a flexible approach to problem solving, local tech entrepreneurship, and swift adoption of cutting-edge technology. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： SARS

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One vs. many QA matching with both word-level and sentence-level attention network 27

One vs. many QA matching with both word-level and sentence-l...

引用

27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2018

作者： Wang, Lu Li, Shoushan Sun, Changlong Liu, Xiaozhong Si, Luo Zhang, Min Zhou, Guodong NLP Lab. School of Computer Science and Technology Soochow University China Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization Alibaba Group China

ISBN: (纸本)9781948087506

Question-Answer (QA) matching is a fundamental task in the Natural Language Processing community. In this paper, we first build a novel QA matching corpus with informal text which is collected from a product reviewing website. Then, we propose a novel QA matching approach, namely One vs. Many Matching, which aims to address the novel scenario where one question sentence often has an answer with multiple sentences. Furthermore, we improve our matching approach by employing both word-level and sentence-level attentions for solving the noisy problem in the informal text. Empirical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to question-answer matching. © 2018 COLING 2018 - 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Applications of Game Theory in Vehicular Networks: A Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sun, Zemin Liu, Yanheng Wang, Jian Li, Guofa Anil, Carie Li, Keqiang Guo, Xinyu Sun, Geng Tian, Daxin Cao, Dongpu College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130012 China Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Guangdong Shenzhen518060 China School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP Andhra Pradesh Amaravati522237 India College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210031 China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Department of Automotive Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beijing Key Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems and Safety Control School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Waterloo Cognitive Autonomous Driving Lab University of Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada

In the Internet of things (IoT) era, vehicles and other intelligent components in an intelligent transportation system (ITS) are connected, forming vehicular networks (VNs) that provide efficient and safe traffic and ubiquitous access to various applications. However, as the number of nodes in an ITS increases, it is challenging to satisfy a varied and large number of service requests with different quality of service (QoS) and security requirements in highly dynamic VNs. Intelligent nodes in VNs can compete or cooperate for limited network resources to achieve the objective for either an individual or a group. Game theory (GT), a theoretical framework designed for strategic interactions among rational decision makers sharing scarce resources, can be used to model and analyze individual or group behaviors of communicating entities in VNs. This paper primarily surveys the recent developments of GT in solving various challenges of VNs. This survey starts with an introduction to the background of VNs. A review of GT models studied in the VNs is then introduced, including the basic concepts, classifications, and applicable vehicular issues. After discussing the requirements of VNs and the motivation of using GT, a comprehensive literature review on GT applications in dealing with the challenges of current VNs is provided. Furthermore, recent contributions of GT to VNs that are integrated with diverse emerging 5G technologies are surveyed. Finally, the lessons learned are given, and several key research challenges and possible solutions of applying GT in VNs are outlined. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quality of service

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A SURVEY OF AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF SOURCE CODE COMMENTS: ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Song, Xiaotao Sun, Hailong Wang, Xu Yan, Jiafei School of Software Taiyuan University of Technology China SKLSDE Lab School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University Beijing China

As an integral part of source code files, code comments help improve program readability and comprehension. However, developers sometimes do not comment on their program code adequately due to the incurred extra efforts, lack of relevant knowledge, unawareness of the importance of code commenting or some other factors. As a result, code comments can be inadequate, absent or even mismatched with source code, which affects the understanding, reusing and the maintenance of software. To solve these problems of code comments, researchers have been concerned with generating code comments automatically. In this work, we aim at conducting a survey of automatic code commenting researches. First, we generally analyze the challenges and research framework of automatic generation of program comments. Second, we present the classification of representative algorithms, the design principles, strengths and weaknesses of each category of algorithms. Meanwhile, we also provide an overview of the quality assessment of the generated comments. Finally, we summarize some future directions for advancing the techniques of automatic generation of code comments and the quality assessment of comments. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surveys

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Correction to: New theoretical ISM‑K2 Bayesian network model for evaluating vaccination effectiveness

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2022年第10期14卷 14383-14383页

作者： Xie, Xiaoliang Xie, Bingqi Xiong, Dan Hou, Muzhou Zuo, Jinxia Wei, Guo Chevallier, Julien School of Mathematics and Statistics Hunan University of Technology and Busin Ess Changsha China Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Statistical Learning and Intelligent Computation Hunan University of Technology and Business Changsha China Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovation Hunan University of Technology and Business Changsha China School of Mathematics and Statistics Central South University Changsha China Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of North Carolina at Pembroke Pembroke USA IPAG Business School (IPAG Lab) Paris France University Paris 8 (LED) Saint-Denis France

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Real-time reversible data hiding with shifting block histogram of pixel differences in encrypted image

Real-time reversible data hiding with shifting block histogr...

引用

Journal of Real-Time Image Processing

作者： Tang, Zhenjun Xu, Shijie Ye, Dengpan Wang, Jinyan Zhang, Xianquan Yu, Chuanqiang Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining & Security Guangxi Normal University Guilin541004 China Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Multi-source Information Integration and Intelligent Processing Guangxi Normal University Guilin541004 China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China School of Computer Science and Information Technology Guangxi Normal University No. 15 YuCai Road Guilin541004 China

Reversible data hiding in encrypted image (RDH-EI) is a hot topic of data hiding in recent years. Most RDH-EI algorithms do not reach desirable embedding rate and their computational costs are not suitable for real-time applications. Aiming at these problems, we propose an efficient RDH-EI algorithm with shifting block histogram of pixel differences in homomorphic encrypted domain. A key step of our RDH-EI algorithm is the block-based encryption scheme with additive homomorphism, which can preserve spatial correlation of plaintext image in homomorphic encrypted domain. In addition, our proposed technique of shifting block histogram can achieve efficient data embedding with high payload and correctly recover image. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate performance of our RDH-EI algorithm. Comparison results illustrate that our RDH-EI algorithm outperforms some state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of embedding rate, visual quality and computational time. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Cryptography Graphic methods Image processing Pixels Steganography Computational costs Computational time Histogram shifting Homomorphic cryptosystem Real time application Reversible data hiding Spatial correlations State of the art algorithms

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Max-MIG: An information theoretic approach for joint learning from crowds

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Cao, Peng Xu, Yilun Kong, Yuqing Wang, Yizhou School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies Peking University Nat'l Eng. Lab. for Video Technology Computer Science Dept. Peking University Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center PengCheng Lab Deepwise AI Lab

Eliciting labels from crowds is a potential way to obtain large labeled data. Despite a variety of methods developed for learning from crowds, a key challenge remains unsolved: learning from crowds without knowing the information structure among the crowds a priori, when some people of the crowds make highly correlated mistakes and some of them label effortlessly (e.g. randomly). We propose an information theoretic approach, Max-MIG, for joint learning from crowds, with a common assumption: the crowdsourced labels and the data are independent conditioning on the ground truth. Max-MIG simultaneously aggregates the crowdsourced labels and learns an accurate data classifier. Furthermore, we devise an accurate data-crowds forecaster that employs both the data and the crowdsourced labels to forecast the ground truth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm that solves the aforementioned challenge of learning from crowds. In addition to the theoretical validation, we also empirically show that our algorithm achieves the new state-of-the-art results in most settings, including the real-world data, and is the first algorithm that is robust to various information structures. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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