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43rd AIAA DATC/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference, DASC 2024

作者： Joshi, Bela Jose, Cijo Boeing Research and Technology The Boeing Company Plano United States Boeing India Engineering The Boeing Company Bengaluru India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349610

In this paper we propose a comprehensive systems engineering modeling framework for the development of safety critical avionics components. The framework which complies with commercial regulatory and airworthiness objectives, integrates the three distinct high-level specification models: system, hardware, and software. Each model contains an abstract representation of the functional, performance, interface, and safety characteristics;and also enables architecture decomposition. The modeling framework facilitates relationships between the structural, behavioral, interface, and requirements elements contained to enable a seamless flow of information across the three models. While domain experts develop the individual models, the models themselves are managed and stored as an integrated baseline and acts as a single source of truth. The use of a system engineering tool makes it possible to connect to higher level system models and enable a digital thread consisting of interfaces and signals, safety functions, requirements, and Design Assurance Levels. Benefits of this approach include improved design quality as well as enhanced communication and collaboration between systems engineers, software engineers, and hardware engineers. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Avionics

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Advancing Operational Efficiency: Airspace Users' Perspective on Trajectory-Based Operations

Advancing Operational Efficiency: Airspace Users' Perspectiv...

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2025 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference, ICNS 2025

作者： Alvarez, Pablo Costas De Oliveira, Italo Romani Airspace Operational Efficiency Boeing Research & Technology Madrid Spain Airspace Operational Efficiency Boeing Research & Technology São José dos Campos Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534738

This work examines the evolution of the Flight Operations Center (FOC) and flight trajectory exchange tools within the framework of Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO), emphasizing the benefits of the ICAO's Flight and Flow Information for a Collaborative Environment (FF-ICE) messaging framework and the use of Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs). It highlights the collaborative generation and management of four-dimensional flight trajectories, which serve as a common reference for decision-making among stakeholders, including Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs), airspace users and airport operators. Key enabling technologies such as Performance Based Navigation (PBN), data communications, and System-wide Information Management (SWIM) are discussed, illustrating their roles in facilitating rapid information exchange and trajectory optimization. A live flight case study is presented, successfully demonstrating TBO concepts through international collaboration, and pointing to significant improvements in safety, efficiency, and sustainability. The paper presents key technical results achieved through TBO prototype implementations, including enhanced trajectory accuracy, improved flight path efficiency, and the ability to accommodate real-time adjustments based on evolving conditions. The integration of advanced trajectory optimization engines and automation capabilities within the FOC has led to more effective flight planning and execution, enabling airlines to negotiate trajectory changes dynamically, adapting to changing circumstances and optimizing operations throughout the flight lifecycle. The findings indicate that TBO can significantly enhance operational predictability, flexibility, and strategic planning while reducing uncertainty and improving alignment between strategic and tactical actions. The main conclusions are: that TBO is already possible with most of the currently flying commercial aircraft;the full implementation of TBO is a feasible way of achieving a

关键词： Risk perception

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Runway Ground Movement Monitoring with Normalizing Flows 27

Runway Ground Movement Monitoring with Normalizing Flows

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27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Kruse, Liam A. Erignac, Charles A. Medina, Jose A. Margineantu, Dragos D. McFarland, Chad A. Boeing Research & Technology SeattleWA98124 United States Autonomy Concept Center in the Boeing Research & Technology Division SeattleWA98124 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

Airport surface operations are a safety-critical component of the transportation industry. Although airports are nominally centrally deconflicted by an air traffic controller, stochastic pilot behavior and planning errors still result in dangerous outcomes such as runway incursions and loss of separation. Intention prediction and motion forecasting for taxiing aircraft is thus essential for robust and safe airport operations. In this work we propose a ground monitoring and trajectory forecasting system built with state-of-the-art normalizing flows. Normalizing flows are powerful generative models that provide both density estimation and sampling capabilities, allowing a runway monitoring agent to perform trajectory likelihood evaluation and future trajectory rollouts. Furthermore, we use lightweight liquid neural networks to learn context embeddings for observed trajectory data and parameterize the flows. We train our models on weeks of historical ADS-B data and evaluate our approach on real-world ground movements at the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Multi-Label Classification with Generative Large Language Models 43

Multi-Label Classification with Generative Large Language Mo...

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43rd AIAA DATC/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference, DASC 2024

作者： Niraula, Nobal Ayhan, Samet Chidambaram, Balaguruna Whyatt, Daniel The Boeing Company Boeing Artificial Intelligence Huntsville United States The Boeing Company Boeing Research and Technology Fairfax United States The Boeing Company Autonomy Capabilities Team Huntington Beach United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349610

Multi-label classification is a supervised Machine Learning problem, which can assign zero or more mutually non-exclusive class labels for an instance. It is different from the multi-class classification which assigns exactly one class label out of many predefined class labels for an instance. In this paper, we explore both proprietary and open-source generative Large Language Models (LLMs) for multi-label classification problems. Specifically, we fine-tune these LLMs and provide insights into their behaviors with different prompts and training constraints such as few-shots settings in Aviation Safety and Autonomy domains. We provide recommendations of choosing LLMs for multi-label classifications. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Application of Shape Memory Alloys Inside a Ram Air Door Rotary Actuator

Application of Shape Memory Alloys Inside a Ram Air Door Rot...

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2024 International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies, SMST 2024

作者： Pick, Dean Richman, Ryan Tran, Daniel Calkins, Frederick Nicholson, Douglas E. Jones, Zachary Steadele, Jason Kinitics Automation Limited VancouverBC Canada Boeing Research and Technology SeattleWA United States Boeing Research and Technology BerkeleyMO United States Boeing Commercial Airplanes EverettWA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781627084840

As the aerospace sector aims to decrease its greenhouse gas emissions from historical levels, vehicle lightweighting is seen as key to achieving meaningful reductions in the sector. Shape memory alloy (SMA) materials have been shown to have extremely high work density that, when applied in an actuator, can yield significant weight savings compared to electric motor and hydraulic powered alternatives. © 2024 ASM International® All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydraulic motors

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A machine learning approach for detecting fatigue during repetitive physical tasks

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Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 2023年第6期27卷 2103-2120页

作者： Liu, Guobin Dobbins, Chelsea D’Souza, Matthew Phuong, Ngoc School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD Australia Boeing Research & Technology BrisbaneQLD Australia

Prolonged and repetitive stress on muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves can have long-term adverse effects on the human body. This can be exasperated while working if the environment and nature of the tasks puts significant strain on the body, which may lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Workers with WMSDs can experience generalized pain, loss of muscle strength, and loss of ability to continue working. Most WMSDs injuries are caused by ergonomic risks, such as repetitive physical movements, awkward postures, inadequate recovery time, and muscular stress. Fatigue can be seen as a detector of ergonomic risk, as the accumulation of fatigue can significantly increase the possibility of injury. Thirty participants completed a series of repetitive physical tasks over a six-hour period while wearing sensors to capture data related to heart rate and movement, while external embedded sensors captured ground reaction and hand exertion force. They also provided subjective ratings of fatigue at the start and end of the experiment. Classifiers for fatigue (high vs low) were constructed using three methods: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and polynomial kernel-based SVM (P-SVM) and were validated using a tenfold cross-validation technique that was repeated a hundred times. Results of our supervised machine learning approach demonstrated a maximum accuracy of 94.15% using P-SVM for the binary classification of fatigue. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Ergonomics

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Separation Region Instabilities in Hypervelocity Flow on a Cone-Slice-Ramp

Separation Region Instabilities in Hypervelocity Flow on a C...

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AIAA Science and technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Stramenga, Michael Yu, Wesley Luo, Ying Esparza-Duran, Noel Austin, Joanna M. Bowcutt, Kevin G. Graduate Aerospace Laboratories California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Boeing Research and Technology The Boeing Company Huntington BeachCA92647 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

This study explores the instabilities within a laminar separated shear-layer on a 5-degree slender cone with an axial slice and 20-degree ramp located aft. Experiments were conducted in the T5 Free-Piston Reflected Shock Tunnel at freestream total enthalpy of 7.6 MJ/kg and a unit Reynolds number of 1.8 million/m. High-frequency surface pressure measurements were taken in conjunction with off-surface focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI) measurements within the separated shear-layer. Both on-surface and off-surface frequency measurements demonstrated a monotonically decreasing instability frequency, from 111 kHz to 65 kHz while increasing in amplitude moving downstream into the reattachment region. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reynolds number

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Certification of a Composite Habitat for Deep Space 27

Certification of a Composite Habitat for Deep Space

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27th IAA Symposium on Human Exploration of the Solar System at the 75th International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2024

作者： Eichinger, Jeffrey D. Ziglar, Matthew T. Boeing Research & Technology Huntington BeachCA92647 United States Boeing Defense and Space HoustonTX77058 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331312107

Composite structures offer increased strength and stiffness while reducing mass compared to aerospace metals. boeing has studied how to incorporate composite structures into habitats for human spaceflight. Certification of a composite habitat for deep space applications has not yet been undertaken. This paper lays the groundwork for certification and achieving it in the near term. Habitat mass is crucial for mission efficiency as human exploration moves further from Earth. Composite primary structures have shown significant mass savings of 34% over metallic configurations. However, there are technical and safety hurdles to overcome for incorporating composites into crewed habitation modules for long-duration deep space missions. Certification entails establishing requirements and demonstrating compliance. The aviation industry has developed certification processes for composite aircraft structures. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides regulations and guidance, and other resources offer further guidance for aircraft certification. The certification framework for a deep space habitat structure follows similar principles. Certification involves every element of the product development process. Preliminary design selects materials and ensures part geometries enable verification. Material and manufacturing process controls are established to ensure repeatability. Damage threats are assessed, including impacts and environmental factors. Safety margins must be demonstrated for all potential defects. The path to certification includes manufacturing scale-up, analysis methodology demonstration, and full-scale validation testing. Durability and damage tolerance are key considerations, including the assessment of threats like micro-meteoroids and orbital debris. Radiation and space environment threats are also addressed. boeing has completed the preliminary design of a composite habitat, showing potential mass savings of over 30%. Toray's T1100G/3960 slit tape pr

关键词： Damage tolerance

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Experimental Study of the Pure Bypass Structural Response of Composite Structure when Subjected to Electrically Induced Damage 38

Experimental Study of the Pure Bypass Structural Response of...

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38th Technical Conference of the American Society for Composites, ASC 2023

作者： Carpenter, Brian Michael, Louisa Justusson, Brian Boettcher, Philipp Johnston, Hunter Tuck, Derek Boeing Research and Technology - Structures BerkeleyMO63134 United States Boeing Research and Technology - Electromagnetic Effects LadsonSC29456 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605956916

In modern aircraft, the design of lightning damage tolerant composite structure is an area of continued interest. In this work, a filled hole compression (FHC) experimental data set was created to demonstrate the impact that electrically induced damage has on the pure bypass residual strength of composite laminates. A scaled ARP5412 A-waveform current-pulse is used to induce electrical damage in the coupons. Following the electrical test, the articles underwent a series of inspections and structural testing. Inspection data is shown at various points in the test plan and normalized test data and trends are discussed. Multiphysics models were created and normalized comparisons to test data are made. © 2023 by DEStech Publications, Inc. and American Society for Composites. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laminated composites

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INTER-PLY CHARACTERIZATION OF PREPREG FABRICS FOR FORMABILITY

INTER-PLY CHARACTERIZATION OF PREPREG FABRICS FOR FORMABILIT...

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SAMPE 2023 Conference and Exhibition

作者： Miller, Eileen E. Verran, Zachary T. Prause, Richard A. Salinas-Fiesco, Francisco P. Boeing Research & Technology LadsonSC29456 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781934551431

State of the art commercial aerospace stringer-stiffened skins use 3 styles of toughened carbon/epoxy prepreg material forms: unidirectional tape, plain weave, and a biased plain weave. Despite manufacturing improvements, wrinkles remain a challenge for complex, highly contoured structure. With future production systems increasing rates, there is a need to enable 100% automation and first pass quality. Several prepreg fabric weave styles are available in industry, each with varied degrees of attributes affecting the conformability of the prepreg to complex contour. Previous studies of individual ply mechanisms, including intra-ply stiffness, bending stiffness, and bulk factor, have shown that Hexcel PrimeTex® 4H satin weave offers improved formability and reduced bulk over the state of the art material fabric architectures. The current study expands that work by characterizing inter-ply behavior to understand if the intra-ply compliance advantages hold for ply stacks. © 2023 Soc. for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stiffness

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