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Loss of the centrosomal protein Cenpj leads to dysfunction of the hypothalamus and obesity in mice

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science China(Life sciences) 2021年第3期64卷 419-433页

作者： Wenyu Ding Changjiang Zhang Baisong Wang Xin Zhou Le Sun Suijuan Zhong Jing Liu Junjing Zhang Xiaoqun Wang Qian Wu State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of Brain-Intelligence Technology(Shanghai)Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Cenpj is a centrosomal protein located at the centrosomes and the base of cilia,it plays essential roles in regulating neurogenesis and cerebral cortex *** centrosomal and cilium dysfunction are one of the causes of obesity,insulin resistance,and type 2 diabetes,the role that Cenpj plays in the regulation of body weight remains ***,we deleted Cenpj by crossing Cenpjflox/flox mice with Nkx2.1-Cre *** of the centrosomal protein Cenpj in Nkx2.1-expressing cells causes morbid obesity in mice at approximately 4 months of age with expended brain ventricles but no change of brain *** found that hypothalamic cells exhibited reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis upon Cenpj depletion at the embryonic stages,resulting in a dramatic decrease in the number of Proopiomelanocortin(POMC)neurons and electrophysiological dysfunction of NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus(ARC)in ***,depletion of Cenpj also reduced the neuronal projection from the ARC to the paraventricular nucleus(PVN),with decreased melanocortin-4 receptors(MC4R)expression in PVN *** study defines the roles that Cenpj plays in regulating hypothalamus development and body weight,providing a foundation for further understanding of the pathological mechanisms of related diseases.

关键词： arcuate nucleus centrosomal protein Cenpj Nkx2.1 hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus

GLIF: a unified gated leaky integrate-and-fire neuron for spiking neural networks 22

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GLIF: a unified gated leaky integrate-and-fire neuron for sp...

Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Xingting Yao Fanrong Li Zitao Mo Jian Cheng Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781713871088

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been studied over decades to incorporate their biological plausibility and leverage their promising energy efficiency. Throughout existing SNNs, the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) model is commonly adopted to formulate the spiking neuron and evolves into numerous variants with different biological features. However, most LIF-based neurons support only single biological feature in different neuronal behaviors, limiting their expressiveness and neuronal dynamic diversity. In this paper, we propose GLIF, a unified spiking neuron, to fuse different bio-features in different neuronal behaviors, enlarging the representation space of spiking neurons. In GLIF, gating factors, which are exploited to determine the proportion of the fused bio-features, are learnable during training. Combining all learnable membrane-related parameters, our method can make spiking neurons different and constantly changing, thus increasing the heterogeneity and adaptivity of spiking neurons. Extensive experiments on a variety of datasets demonstrate that our method obtains superior performance compared with other SNNs by simply changing their neuronal formulations to GLIF. In particular, we train a spiking ResNet-19 with GLIF and achieve 77.35% top-1 accuracy with six time steps on CIFAR-100, which has advanced the state-of-the-art.

关键词：

Directly Training Temporal Spiking Neural Network with Sparse Surrogate Gradient

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Yang Zhao, Feifei Zhao, Dongcheng Zeng, Yi Beijing China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology CAS Shanghai China

brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted much attention due to their event-based computing and energy-efficient features. However, the spiking all-or-none nature has prevented direct training of SNNs for various applications. The surrogate gradient (SG) algorithm has recently enabled spiking neural networks to shine in neuromorphic hardware. However, introducing surrogate gradients has caused SNNs to lose their original sparsity, thus leading to the potential performance loss. In this paper, we first analyze the current problem of direct training using SGs and then propose Masked Surrogate Gradients (MSGs) to balance the effectiveness of training and the sparseness of the gradient, thereby improving the generalization ability of SNNs. Moreover, we introduce a temporally weighted output (TWO) method to decode the network output, reinforcing the importance of correct timesteps. Extensive experiments on diverse network structures and datasets show that training with MSG and TWO surpasses the SOTA technique. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

QueryProp: Object Query Propagation for High-Performance Video Object Detection

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arXiv 2022年

作者： He, Fei Gao, Naiyu Jia, Jian Zhao, Xin Huang, Kaiqi CRISE Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology China

Video object detection has been an important yet challenging topic in computer vision. Traditional methods mainly focus on designing the image-level or box-level feature propagation strategies to exploit temporal information. This paper argues that with a more effective and efficient feature propagation framework, video object detectors can gain improvement in terms of both accuracy and speed. For this purpose, this paper studies object-level feature propagation, and proposes an object query propagation (QueryProp) framework for high-performance video object detection. The proposed QueryProp contains two propagation strategies: 1) query propagation is performed from sparse key frames to dense non-key frames to reduce the redundant computation on non-key frames;2) query propagation is performed from previous key frames to the current key frame to improve feature representation by temporal context modeling. To further facilitate query propagation, an adaptive propagation gate is designed to achieve flexible key frame selection. We conduct extensive experiments on the ImageNet VID dataset. QueryProp achieves comparable accuracy with state-of-the-art methods and strikes a decent accuracy/speed trade-off. Code is available at https://***/hf1995/QueryProp. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Economic and social effects

Generalized Anthropomorphic Functional Grasping with Minimal Demonstrations

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wei, Wei Wang, Peng Wang, Sizhe Institute of Automation the School of Artificial Intelligence Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China the CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200031 China Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation Chinese Academy of Sciences 999077 Hong Kong

—This article investigates the challenge of achieving functional tool-use grasping with high-DoF anthropomorphic hands, with the aim of enabling anthropomorphic hands to perform tasks that require human-like manipulation and tool-use. However, accomplishing human-like grasping in real robots present many challenges, including obtaining diverse functional grasps for a wide variety of objects, handling generalization ability for kinematically diverse robot hands and precisely completing object shapes from a single-view perception. To tackle these challenges, we propose a six-step grasp synthesis algorithm based on fine-grained contact modeling that generates physically plausible and human-like functional grasps for category-level objects with minimal human demonstrations. With the contact-based optimization and learned dense shape correspondence, the proposed algorithm is adaptable to various objects in same category and a board range of robot hand models. To further demonstrate the robustness of the framework, over 10K functional grasps are synthesized to train our neural network, named DexFG-Net, which generates diverse sets of human-like functional grasps based on the reconstructed object model produced by a shape completion module. The proposed framework is extensively validated in simulation and on a real robot platform. Simulation experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms baseline methods by a large margin in terms of grasp functionality and success rate. Real robot experiments show that our method achieved an overall success rate of 79% and 68% for tool-use grasp on 3-D printed and real test objects, respectively, using a 5-Finger Schunk Hand. The experimental results indicate a step towards human-like grasping with anthropomorphic hands. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Demonstrations

Motor symptom machine rating system for complete MDS-UPDRS III in Parkinson’s disease:A proof-of-concept pilot study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第13期137卷 1632-1634页

作者： Xue Zhu Zhonglue Chen Yun Ling Ningdi Luo Qianyi Yin Yichi Zhang Aonan Zhao Guanyu Ye Haiyan Zhou Jing Pan Liche Zhou Linghao Cao Pei Huang Pingchen Zhang Cheng Chen Weikun Shi Shinuan Lin Haimei Zhuang Jin Zhao Kang Ren Yuyan Tan Jun Liu Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China GYENNO Science Co. Ltd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong 518100China HUST-GYENNO CNS Intelligent Digital Medicine Technology Center WuhanHubei 430074China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430074China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

To the Editor:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders.[1]The severity of PD-related motor symptoms is usually semiquantitatively(“normal”,“slight”,“mild”,“moderate”,and“severe”)evaluated by expert physicians according to the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III(MDS-UPDRS III).[2]However,the MDS-UPDRS III is semiquantitative and subjective,which might mask mild treatment effects or even provide false-positive results.

关键词： MDS proof severity

Visuotactile Feedback Parallel Gripper for Robotic Adaptive Grasping

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Visuotactile Feedback Parallel Gripper for Robotic Adaptive ...

2022 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2022

作者： Zhang, Boyue Cui, Shaowei Zhang, Chaofan Hu, Jingyi Wang, Shuo School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Beijing100190 China Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200031 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481090

In robot grasp and dexterous manipulation tasks, tactile sensing is important for the control adjustment of the manipulator. In this paper, we present a novel low-cost parallel gripper with high-resolution tactile sensing, named the GelStereo Gripper. Furthermore, an adaptive grasp strategy is proposed to endow the gripper with tactile-feedback grasp stability-maintaining ability. We install the gripper on our robot platform and conduct various grasp experiments by utilizing proposed control methods. Experimental results verify the reliability of the GelStereo gripper and also prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for experimental objects with different features. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Grippers

GLIF: A Unified Gated Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neuron for Spiking Neural Networks

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yao, Xingting Li, Fanrong Mo, Zitao Cheng, Jian Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology China

关键词： Neural networks

A single-cell transcriptome atlas of the aging human and macaque retina

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National science Review 2021年第4期8卷 48-65页

作者： Wenyang Yi Yufeng Lu Suijuan Zhong Mei Zhang Le Sun Hao Dong Mengdi Wang Min Wei Haohuan Xie Hongqiang Qu Rongmei Peng Jing Hong Ziqin Yao Yunyun Tong Wei Wang Qiang Ma Zeyuan Liu Yuqian Ma Shouzhen Li Chonghai Yin Jianwei Liu Chao Ma Xiaoqun Wang Qian Wu Tian Xue Eye Center at The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSchool of Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of Brain-Intelligence TechnologyBioland Laboratory Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseUniversity of Science and Technology of China Department of Ophthalmology Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve Peking University Third Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai)Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou) Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of Sciences Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersCapital Medical University Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates(Kunming) Primate Research Center at IBP(Beijing) Chinese Academy of Sciences

The human retina is a complex neural tissue that detects light and sends visual information to the ***, the molecular and cellular processes that underlie aging primate retina remain unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas based on 119 520 single cells of the foveal and peripheral retina of humans and macaques covering different ages. The molecular features of retinal cells differed between the two species, suggesting distinct regional and species specializations of the human and macaque retinae. In addition, human retinal aging occurred in a region-and cell-type-specific manner. Aging of human retina exhibited a foveal to peripheral gradient. MYO9A-rods and a horizontal cell subtype were greatly reduced in aging retina, indicating their vulnerability to aging. Moreover, we generated a dataset showing the cell-type-and region-specific gene expression associated with 55 types of human retinal disease, which provides a foundation to understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human retinal diseases. Such datasets are valuable to understanding of the molecular characteristics of primate retina, as well as molecular regulation of aging progression and related diseases.

关键词： single-cell RNA sequencing primate retina aging cell heterogeneity age-related disease cell-cell communication