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Acquired immunity and Alzheimer's disease

The Journal of Biomedical Research 2023年第1期37卷 15-29页

作者： Weixi Feng Yanli Zhang Peng Sun Ming Xiao Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyShanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired IntelligenceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Brain Institute Nanjing Brain HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210029China

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive defects. The role of the central immune system dominated by microglia in the progression of AD has been extensively investigated. However, little is known about the peripheral immune system in AD ***, with the discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels and glymphatic system, the roles of the acquired immunity in the maintenance of central homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases have attracted an increasing attention. The T cells not only regulate the function of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells, but also participate in the clearance of β-amyloid(Aβ) plaques. Apart from producing antibodies to bind Aβ peptides, the B cells affect Aβ-related cascades via a variety of antibodyindependent mechanisms. This review systemically summarizes the recent progress in understanding pathophysiological roles of the T cells and B cells in AD.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease acquired immunity lymphocytes brain lymphatic system immune cell therapy

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Spatial and Temporal Abnormalities of Spontaneous Fixational Saccades and Their Correlates With Positive and Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia (vol 50, pg 78, 2023)

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SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN 2024年第2期50卷 485-485页

作者： Liu, Xu Li, Yu Xu, Lihua Zhang, Tianhong Cui, Huiru Wei, Yanyan Xia, Mengqing Su, Wenjun Tang, Yingying Tang, Xiaochen Zhang, Dan Spillmann, Lothar Andolina, Ian Max McLoughlin, Niall Wang, Wei Wang, Jijun Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Institute of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Department of Psychological Medicine Children’s Hospital of Fudan University National Children’s Medical Center Shanghai China Department of Neurology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Shanghai Center for Brain and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai China School of Optometry and Vision Science University of Bradford Bradford UK University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT) Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

Background and Hypothesis Visual fixation is a dynamic process, with the spontaneous occurrence of microsaccades and macrosaccades. These fixational saccades are sensitive to the structural and functional alterations of the cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuit. Given that dysfunctional cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuit contributes to cognitive and behavioral impairments in schizophrenia, we hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia would exhibit abnormal fixational saccades and these abnormalities would be associated with the clinical *** Design Saccades were recorded from 140 drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 160 age-matched healthy controls during ten separate trials of 6-second steady fixations. Positive and negative symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognition was assessed using the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).Study Results Patients with schizophrenia exhibited fixational saccades more vertically than controls, which was reflected in more vertical saccades with angles around 90° and a greater vertical shift of horizontal saccades with angles around 0° in patients. The fixational saccades, especially horizontal saccades, showed longer durations, faster peak velocities, and larger amplitudes in patients. Furthermore, the greater vertical shift of horizontal saccades was associated with higher PANSS total and positive symptom scores in patients, and the longer duration of horizontal saccades was associated with lower MCCB neurocognitive composite, attention/vigilance, and speed of processing scores. Finally, based solely on these fixational eye movements, a K-nearest neighbors model classified patients with an accuracy of 85%. Conclusions: Our results reveal spatial and temporal abnormalities of fixational saccades and suggest fixational saccades as a promising biomarker for cognitive and po

关键词： First-episode schizophrenia biomarker classification cognition and symptoms microsaccades and macrosaccades visual fixation

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Distributions of Visual Receptive Fields from Retinotopic to Craniotopic Coordinates in the Lateral Intraparietal Area and Frontal Eye Fields of the Macaque

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 171-181页

作者： Lin Yang Min Jin Cong Zhang Ning Qian Mingsha Zhang Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Division of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Department of Neuroscience and Zuckerman Institute Columbia UniversityNew York 10027USA

Even though retinal images of objects change their locations following each eye movement,we perceive a stable and continuous *** possible mechanism by which the brain achieves such visual stability is to construct a craniotopic coordinate by integrating retinal and extraretinal *** have been several proposals on how this may be done,including eye-position modulation(gain fields)of retinotopic receptive fields(RFs)and craniotopic *** the present study,we investigated coordinate systems used by RFs in the lateral intraparietal(LIP)cortex and frontal eye fields(FEF)and compared the two *** mapped the two-dimensional RFs of neurons in detail under two eye fixations and analyzed how the RF of a given neuron changes with eye position to determine its coordinate *** same recording and analysis procedures were applied to the two brain *** found that,in both areas,RFs were distributed from retinotopic to craniotopic *** was no significant difference between the distributions in the LIP and *** a small fraction of neurons was fully craniotopic,whereas most neurons were between the retinotopic and craniotopic *** distributions were strongly biased toward the retinotopic side but with significant craniotopic *** results suggest that there is only weak evidence for craniotopic RFs in the LIP and FEF,and that transformation from retinotopic to craniotopic coordinates in these areas must rely on other factors such as gain fields.

关键词： Reference frames Eye-centered Headcentered Visual stability

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International cooperation through big science programs

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National science Review 2022年第8期9卷 6页

作者： Mu-ming Poo CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions,scientists remain busy in forging international *** by the spirit of academic freedom in the pursuit of knowledge and the tradition of international collaboration,scientists from 16 countries have recently announced, at BGIResearch(previously known as Beijing Genomics institute)in Shenzhen, the establishment of the Spatiotemporal Omics Consortium(STOC), an open collaborative research initiative to unite, advance and share global scientific efforts to solve the mysteries of life at genetic, molecular and cellular levels through large-scale spatiotemporally resolved multiomics analyses(htps://***/).

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Two-Aspect Information Interaction Model for ABAW4 Multi-task Challenge 17th

Two-Aspect Information Interaction Model for ABAW4 Multi-ta...

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17th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2022

作者： Sun, Haiyang Lian, Zheng Liu, Bin Tao, Jianhua Sun, Licai Cai, Cong He, Yu National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031250743

The task of ABAW is to predict frame-level emotion descriptors from videos: discrete emotional state;valence and arousal;and action units. In this paper, we propose the solution to the Multi-Task Learning (MTL) Challenge of the 4th Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW) competition. Although researchers have proposed several approaches and achieved promising results in ABAW, current works in this task rarely consider interactions between different emotion descriptors. To this end, we propose a novel end to end architecture to achieve full integration of different types of information. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solution. Code are available at https://***/Swiftsss/ECCV2022MTL. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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brain-inspired Intelligent Robotics:Theoretical Analysis and Systematic Application

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Machine intelligence Research 2023年第1期20卷 1-18页

作者： Hong Qiao Ya-Xiong Wu Shan-Lin Zhong Pei-Jie Yin Jia-Hao Chen The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System Institute of AutomationChineseAcademyof SciencesBeijing100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Shanghai 200031China School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Traditional joint-link robots have been widely used in production lines because of their high precision for single *** the development of the manufacturing and service industries,the requirement for the comprehensive performance of robotics is *** types of bio-inspired robotics have been investigated to realize human-like motion control and manipulation.A study route from inner mechanisms to external structures is proposed to imitate humans and animals *** this idea,a brain-inspired intelligent robotic system is constructed that contains visual cognition,decision-making,motion control,and musculoskeletal *** paper reviews cutting-edge research in brain-inspired visual cognition,decision-making,motion control,and musculoskeletal *** software systems and a corresponding hardware system are established,aiming at the verification and applications of next-generationbrain-inspired musculoskeletal robots.

关键词： brain-inspired intelligent robot software and hardware decision making muscle control cognitive intelligence.

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New focus on basic research in China's advancement in science and technology

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National science Review 2022年第2期9卷 6-6页

作者： Mu-ming Poo CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology

On 1 January 2022,a new version of the Law on China’s science and technology (S&T) Advancement (‘科学技术进步法’) went into *** is the second revision of the Law,which was first implemented on 1 October *** current revision is marked by extensive changes and additions that reflect China’s rapid S&T development over recent decades and many new challenges facing China today.

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Activity-Dependent Phosphorylation of CDKL5 at Serine 407 Regulates Synaptogenesis and Plasticity

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第9期39卷 1454-1458页

作者： Mengying Jiang Qiwu Xu Can Yang Dan Li Ji-Wei Liu Yuxian Zhang Yong-Chuan Zhu Zhi-Qi Xiong Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030China Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai201210China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China

Dear Editor,The X-linked gene cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5(CDKL5)encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is associated with CDKL5-deficiency disorder(CDD),a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early-onset seizures,gross developmental delay,and motor disabilities[1].The expression of CDKL5 is highly enriched in the brain and is significantly induced during postnatal development[2].

关键词： seizures enriched CDK

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The Wireless Power Transmission on the Wristto-Forehead Path Based on the Body Channel

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Journal of Beijing institute of technology 2022年第1期31卷 91-100页

作者： Cheng Han Linghui Kong Qingya Li Shan Yu Zhiwei Zhang Jingna Mao School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China. CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Shanghai 200031China.

The body channel based wireless power transfer(BC-WPT)method utilizes the human body as the medium to transfer power for bioelectronics,which can achieve a lower transmission loss due to its higher ***,except for the channel length,different on-body loca-tions of the transmitter and receiver also influence the power supply *** paper fo-cuses on the wrist-to-forehead path to show the potential of BC-WPT for the brain bioelectronics such as the brain computer interface *** channel characteristics from 10 MHz to 60 MHz are measured by a vector network analyzer(VNA)and a prototype BC-WPT system with differ-ent copper electrodes and the lowest power loss locates between-22 dB and-33 ***,the minimum path loss limit is simulated in Advanced Design System(ADS)software and the low-est optimum path loss can reach nearly-13 ***,a rectifier circuit is also built at the receiv-er side to harvest *** results show that the open-circuit voltage(OCV)can reach 1.75 V with the transmitter of 50Ωoutput impedance supplying 5V_(pp)sine voltage at 60 MHz when adopt-ing 1 cm-diameter circular electrodes.

关键词： body channel based wireless power transfer(BC-WPT) wrist-to-forehead path chan-nel characteristics minimum path loss limit open-circuit voltage(OCV)

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Real-Time Adjustment of Gait Training Patterns Based on Muscle Activation for Lower Limb Exoskeleton 42

Real-Time Adjustment of Gait Training Patterns Based on Musc...

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42nd Chinese Control Conference, CCC 2023

作者： Shi, Weiguo Wang, Weiqun Wang, Jiaxing Ren, Shixin Hou, Zeng-Guang School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The Cas Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Beijing China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789887581543

Lower limb exoskeleton (LLE) has been widely studied recently. While how to adjust the subject-specific gait training patterns for LLE is one of the key problems that have not been well addressed. In this paper, a real-time method based on the muscle activation extracted from sEMG signals is proposed to adjust the gait training patterns, to maintain the given level of muscle activation and to enhance the subjects' engagement during gait training. Firstly, the muscle activation is calculated based on the previous research results. Then, in order to simplify the joint trajectory representation, the hip, knee, and ankle joint trajectories are parameterized based on finite Fourier series (FFS). Therefore, the gait training patterns can be represented by the coefficients and periods. Moreover, a real-time strategy is proposed to adjust the parameters of FFS based on the feedback of subjects' muscle activation during gait training. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experiment. © 2023 Technical Committee on Control Theory, Chinese Association of automation.

关键词： Muscle

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