Understanding the spatial variations of evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on Tibetan Plateau (TP) is pivotal for grasping the regional water cycle and energy balance dynamics. Yet it is unclear how the change...
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Accurately quantifying spatiotemporal variations in evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucial for understanding the regional water cycle and energy balance. However, the determinant...
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This study investigated the dynamic changes in NiFe (hydr)oxide and identified the role of high-valent Fe in the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) within alkaline media via in situ techniques. Several high-valent Fe ion...
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This study investigated the dynamic changes in NiFe (hydr)oxide and identified the role of high-valent Fe in the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) within alkaline media via in situ techniques. Several high-valent Fe ions were found to remain considerably stable in the absence of potential in NiFe (hydr)oxide, even 96 hours after the OER. For Ni 2+ hydroxide treated with 57 Fe ions, where Fe sites are introduced onto the surface of Ni 2+ hydroxide, no Fe 4+ species were detected at the rate-determining step (RDS). The findings of this study suggested that the oxidation of bulk Fe ions, similar to Ni ions, to high valent forms, is charge accumulation without a direct role in OER; these results offered a novel perspective on manipulating Fe states to optimize OER efficacy. The prevailing hypothesis suggested that trace amounts of high-valent Fe ions, notably those on the surface, directly participate in OER.
W-CDF-S, ELAIS-S1, and XMM-LSS will be three Deep-Drilling Fields (DDFs) of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), but their extensive multi-wavelength data have not been fully utilized ...
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Low-temperature photothermal therapy (PTT), which circumvents the limitations of conventional PTT (e.g., thermotolerance and adverse effects), is an emerging therapeutic strategy which shows great potential for future...
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Low-temperature photothermal therapy (PTT), which circumvents the limitations of conventional PTT (e.g., thermotolerance and adverse effects), is an emerging therapeutic strategy which shows great potential for future clinical applications. The expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) can dramatically impair the therapeutic efficacy of PTT. Thus, inhibition of HSPs repair and reducing the damage of nearby normal cells is crucial for improving the efficiency of low-temperature PTT. Herein, we developed a nanobomb based on the self-assembly of NIRII AIE polymer PBPTV and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier polymer mPEG(CO). This smart nanobomb can be exploded in a tumor microenvironment in which hydrogen peroxide is overexpressed and release CO into cancer cells to significantly inhibit the expression of HSPs and hence improve the antitumor efficiency of the low-temperature PTT.
We systematically analyze X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South survey. On the longest timescale (≈ 17 years), we find only weak (if any) dependence of X-ray variabil...
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We investigate the population of high-redshift (3 6 z * regime (logLX . 44), poorly sampled by previous works using shallower data, and the obscured population. Taking fully into account the individual photometric-red...
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Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwa...
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Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm 2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this
We study the X-ray variability properties of distant AGNs in the Chandra Deep Field-South region over 17 years, up to z ∼ 4, and compare them with those predicted by models based on local samples. We use the results ...
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