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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chen, Huiqiang Zhu, Tianqing Wang, Linlin Yu, Xin Gao, Longxiang Zhou, Wanlei Faculty of Data Science City University of Macau China School of Computer Science University of Queensland QLD Australia Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

Large-scale text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have revolutionized image generation, enabling the synthesis of highly detailed visuals from textual descriptions. However, these models may inadvertently generate inappropriate content, such as copyrighted works or offensive images. While existing methods attempt to eliminate specific unwanted concepts, they often fail to ensure complete removal—allowing the concept to reappear in subtle forms. For instance, a model may successfully avoid generating images in Van Gogh’s style when explicitly prompted with "Van Gogh", yet still reproduce his signature artwork when given the prompt "Starry Night". In this paper, we propose SAFER, a novel and efficient approach for thoroughly removing target concepts from diffusion models. At a high level, SAFER is inspired by the observed low-dimensional structure of the text embedding space. The method first identifies a concept-specific subspace Sc associated with the target concept c. It then projects the prompt embeddings onto the complementary subspace of Sc, effectively erasing the concept from the generated images. Since concepts can be abstract and difficult to fully capture using natural language alone, we employ textual inversion to learn an optimized embedding of the target concept from a reference image. This enables more precise subspace estimation and enhances removal performance. Furthermore, we introduce a subspace expansion strategy to ensure comprehensive and robust concept erasure. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SAFER consistently and effectively erases unwanted concepts from diffusion models while preserving generation quality. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Embeddings

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A Robust key Exchange and Tamper-Resistant Protocol for HAN and NAN networks in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan The University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Jinan250353 China

Smart Grids (SG) rely on Home Area networks (HAN) and Neighborhood Area networks (NAN) to ensure efficient power distribution, real-time monitoring, and seamless communication between smart devices. Despite these advantages, the use of public communication channels in HAN and NAN networks introduces critical challenges, such as vulnerability to impersonation, physical tampering, and scalability issues in resource-constrained environments. These issues compromise the stability, reliability, and security of SG environments. Existing protocols often fail to adequately address these challenges, particularly in ensuring resistance to physical tampering of supply lines and impersonation attacks. Additionally, they struggle to minimize the computation, communication, and energy costs associated with securing a resource-constrained SG environment. Therefore, we propose a robust key exchange and tamper-resistant protocol for HAN and NAN networks to address these limitations. The proposed protocol leverages the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) mechanism to offer physical tampering resistance to smart meters. We validate our protocol formally using the Random or Real (RoR) model, which confirms its security robustness. Additionally, our informal security analysis highlights the protocol's resilience against impersonation, physical tampering attacks, etc. We analyze and compare the performance of the proposed protocol, which further demonstrates our protocol's effectiveness and security compared to competing protocols. Moreover, the proposed protocol achieves resource efficiency with 45.99% and 58.85% substantial reductions in computation overhead and energy overhead, respectively, compared to competing protocols. These results showcase the protocol's enhanced security and practicality for resource-constrained SG environments. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Bridging Queries and Tables through Entities in Table Retrieval

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Da Bi, Keping Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology ICT CAS China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Table retrieval is essential for accessing information stored in structured tabular formats;however, it remains less explored than text retrieval. The content of the table primarily consists of phrases and words, which include a large number of entities, such as time, locations, persons, and organizations. Entities are well-studied in the context of text retrieval, but there is a noticeable lack of research on their applications in table retrieval. In this work, we explore how to leverage entities in tables to improve retrieval performance. First, we investigate the important role of entities in table retrieval from a statistical perspective and propose an entity-enhanced training framework. Subsequently, we use the type of entities to highlight entities instead of introducing an external knowledge base. Moreover, we design an interaction paradigm based on entity representations. Our proposed framework is plug-and-play and flexible, making it easy to integrate into existing table retriever training processes. Empirical results on two table retrieval benchmarks, NQ-TABLES and OTT-QA, show that our proposed framework is both simple and effective in enhancing existing retrievers. We also conduct extensive analyses to confirm the efficacy of different components. Overall, our work provides a promising direction for elevating table retrieval, enlightening future research in this area. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge engineering

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Provably Secure Efficient key-Exchange Protocol for Intelligent Supply Line Surveillance in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Alenazi, Mohammed J.F. Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu12599 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250353 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan 250353 China

Intelligent supply line surveillance is critical for modern smart grids. Smart sensors and gateway nodes are strategically deployed along supply lines to achieve intelligent surveillance. They collect data continuously and transmit it to the control centre in real-time. It enables real-time monitoring, fault detection, and efficient energy management across distribution networks. This advanced surveillance system ensures continuous monitoring of supply lines, detecting anomalies, and optimizing operations to maintain the stability and reliability of the smart grid. However, the reliance of all participating nodes on public communication channels to transmit supply line surveillance data exposes these systems to critical cyber attacks. These cyber attacks include impersonation, physical tampering, ephemeral secret leakage, and desynchronization attacks. To address these issues, existing key-exchange protocols often fail to ensure robust security while imposing high computation and communication overheads, limiting their practicality for resource-constrained environments. Therefore, we propose a secure and efficient key exchange and tamper-resistant authentication protocol using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). The PUF mechanism provides robust resistance against physical tampering and cloning attacks, ensuring enhanced physical security for supply line devices. We validate the security robustness of the devised protocol using the Random or Real (ROR) model. Furthermore, informal security analysis demonstrates the protocol's robustness in rigorously resisting various attacks, including physical tampering, impersonation, ephemeral secret leakage and desynchronization. Moreover, we determine the performance evaluation that reveals the protocol's superior efficiency compared to competing protocols, achieving significant reductions of 28.64% in computation overhead and 9.96% in communication overhead. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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MSPL: Multi-modal Statistical Prompt Learning for New Energy Equipment Defect Recognition

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Wang, Zhenwei Wang, Pengfei Han, Guangjie Zhou, Chengjie Lin, Qing Zhang, Jianxin Fan, Guangjie Zhang, Qiang Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian116024 China Dalian116024 China Shenyang Huayan Electric Technology Co Ltd Shenyang110180 China Hohai University Key Laboratory of Maritime Intelligent Network Information Technology Ministry of Education China Deputy Director of the Yantai Big Data Center and Senior Engineer Yantai264003 China Dalian Minzu University School of Computer Science and Engineering Dalian116600 China

Monitoring renewable energy devices is crucial for the timely detection of faults and the improvement of system stability, making it a key component of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. However, existing intelligent algorithms and IoT methods rely on edge devices with limited computational capacity, which requires balancing real-time performance and accuracy. Additionally, most methods require initial training on large-scale data using cloud platforms or high-performance servers, leading to high initial costs. To address these challenges, we propose Multi-modal Statistical Prompt Learning (MSPL) for new energy equipment defect recognition on IoT edge devices. This method enables rapid learning with only a few samples, avoiding the need for large-scale centralized training. Specifically, MSPL uses the pre-trained Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training model as its backbone, leveraging text-based conceptual information to enhance the understanding of visual inputs. A Statistical Query (SQ) module is implemented at the end of the backbone to extract distinctive features from the outputs, integrating these features with soft prompts to customize them for the defect recognition task. Since the learnable parameters are limited to soft prompts added at the end of the backbone, MSPL restricts gradient backpropagation to this point. This improves parameter and memory efficiency, making it more suitable for scenarios with limited computational capacity on IoT edge devices. Experimental results of MSPL on two renewable energy equipment defect datasets and edge devices indicate that it meets real-time processing requirements while maintaining high accuracy, outperforming other methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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Robust Dynamic Broadcasting for Multi-Hop Wireless networks Under Time-Varying Connectivity and Dynamic SINR

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Tian, Xiang Yu, Jiguo Luo, Chuanwen Yu, Dongxiao Wang, Guijuan Feng, Bin Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Jinan250353 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Software Engineering Chengdu610054 China Qilu University of Technology Big Data Institute Jinan250353 China Beijing Forestry University School of Information Science and Technology Beijing100083 China Shandong University School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong Qingdao266237 China Taishan University School of Information Science and Technology 271000 China

Throughput-optimal dynamic broadcasting is an essential cornerstone for the efficient operation of Multi-hop Wireless networks (MWNs). Most existing algorithms for this problem were developed assuming static interference environments and network connectivity. However, wireless interference environments and network connectivity are inherently time-varying in real-world scenarios, primarily due to uncontrollable interference sources and unreliable links. Such time-varying characteristics make these existing algorithms less robust. In this paper, we study the robust throughput-optimal dynamic broadcasting for MWNs with multi-dimensional time-varying characteristics in terms of interference environments, network connectivity, and data arrival. We model the time-varying link existence states using a random process and characterize the time-varying interference environments through a dynamic variant of the classical Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) model. In this variant, the SINR model parameters are dynamically adjusted over time by an adversary. Based on this, we first design a Robust Throughput-optimal Dynamic Broadcast (RTDB) algorithm which makes efficient slot-based max-weight link scheduling, power allocation, and data forwarding decisions in each time slot. We then prove its throughput-optimality in time-varying acyclic directed MWNs under the dynamic SINR model. The effectiveness of RTDB is validated via numerous simulations. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Semantic and Emotional Dual Channel for Emotion Recognition in Conversation

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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 2025年

作者： Yang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhibo Cheng, Yuhu Zhang, Tong Wang, Xuesong Jinan250353 China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Big Data Applied Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Technology Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Jinan250353 China China University of Mining and Technology Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space Ministry of Education Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data School of Information and Control Engineering Xuzhou221116 China South China University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Cyberspace Information School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou510006 China Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510335 China Engineering Research Center Ministry of Education on Health Intelligent Perception and Paralleled Digital-Human Guangzhou China

Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) aims at accurately identifying emotional states expressed in conversational content. Existing ERC methods, although relying on semantic understanding, often encounter challenges when confronted with incomplete or misleading semantic information. In addition, when dealing with the interaction between emotional and semantic information, existing methods are often difficult to effectively distinguish the complex relationship between the two, which affects the accuracy of emotion recognition. To address the problems of semantic misdirection and emotional cross-talk encountered by traditional models when confronted with complex conversational data, we propose a semantic and emotional dual channel (SEDC) strategy for emotion recognition in conversations to process emotional and semantic information independently. Under this strategy, emotion information provides an auxiliary recognition function when the semantics are unclear or lacking, enhancing the accuracy of the model. Our model consists of two modules: the emotion processing module accurately captures the emotional features of each utterance through contrastive learning, and then constructs a dialogue emotion propagation map to simulate the emotional information conveyed in the dialogue;the semantic processing module combines an external knowledge base to enhance the semantic expression of the dialogue through knowledge enhancement strategies. This divide-and-conquer approach allows us to more deeply analyze the emotional and semantic dimensions of complex dialogues. Experimental results on the IEMOCAP, EmoryNLP, MELD, and DailyDialog datasets show that our approach significantly outperforms existing techniques and effectively improves the accuracy of dialogue emotion recognition. Our code is available at https://***/r/SEDC-FCF1. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Unifying Perplexing Behaviors in Modified BP Attributions through Alignment Perspective

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zheng, Guanhua Sang, Jitao Xu, Changsheng The University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China The School of Computer and Information Technology The Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The National Lab of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation CAS Beijing100190 China The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Attributions aim to identify input pixels that are relevant to the decision-making process. A popular approach involves using modified backpropagation (BP) rules to reverse decisions, which improves interpretability compared to the original gradients. However, these methods lack a solid theoretical foundation and exhibit perplexing behaviors, such as reduced sensitivity to parameter randomization, raising concerns about their reliability and highlighting the need for theoretical justification. In this work, we present a unified theoretical framework for methods like GBP, RectGrad, LRP, and DTD, demonstrating that they achieve input alignment by combining the weights of activated neurons. This alignment improves the visualization quality and reduces sensitivity to weight randomization. Our contributions include: (1) Providing a unified explanation for multiple behaviors, rather than focusing on just one. (2) Accurately predicting novel behaviors. (3) Offering insights into decision-making processes, including layer-wise information changes and the relationship between attributions and model decisions. © 2025, CC BY.

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ATHENA: An In-vehicle CAN Intrusion Detection Framework Based on Physical Characteristics of Vehicle Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Kai Sun, Zhen Wang, Bailing Fan, Qilin Li, Ming Zhang, Hongke School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai China Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Network Security China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing China Jinan Key Laboratory of Distributed Databases Shandong Inspur Database Technology Co. Ltd Jinan China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China

With the growing interconnection between In-Vehicle networks (IVNs) and external environments, intelligent vehicles are increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated external network attacks. This paper proposes ATHENA, the first IVN intrusion detection framework that adopts a vehicle-cloud integrated architecture to achieve better security performance for the resource-constrained vehicular environment. Specifically, in the cloud with sufficient resources, ATHENA uses the clustering method of multi-distribution mixture model combined with deep data mining technology to generate the raw Payload Rule Bank of IVN CAN messages, and then improves the rule quality with the help of exploitation on the first-principled physical knowledge of the vehicle system, after which the payload rules are periodically sent to the vehicle terminal. At the vehicle terminal, a simple LSTM component is used to generate the Time Rule Bank representing the long-term time series dependencies and the periodic characteristics of CAN messages, but not for any detection tasks as in traditional usage scenarios, where only the generated time rules are the candidates for further IVN intrusion detection tasks. Based on both the payload and time rules generated from cloud and vehicle terminal, ATHENA can achieve efficient intrusion detection capability by simple rule-base matching operations, rather than using complex black-box reasoning of resource-intensive neural network models, which is in fact only used for rule logic generation phase instead of the actual intrusion detection phase in our framework. Comparative experimental results on the ROAD dataset, which is current the most outstanding real-world in-vehicle CAN dataset covering new instances of sophisticated and stealthy masquerade attacks, demonstrate ATHENA significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art IVN intrusion detection methods in detecting complex attacks. We make the code available at https://***/wangkai-tech23/ATHENA. Copyright

关键词： network intrusion

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Bidirectionally Guided Large Language Models for Consumer-Centric Personalized Recommendation

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Yu, Linfang Xiao, Peng Xu, Liqun Kumari, Saru Alenazi, Mohammed J.F. Industrial Research Institute Chengdu610213 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu610054 China Chengdu University of Technology School of Computer and Network Security Chengdu China Industrial Research Institute Chengdu610213 China Chaudhary Charan Singh University Department of Mathematics Uttar Pradesh Meerut250004 India Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia

With the increasing abundance of consumer electronics, consumers are facing the challenge of information overload, making personalized recommendation systems (RSs) crucial for enhancing consumer experience and promoting sales. Recently, LLM-driven RSs have attracted widespread attention. Nevertheless, the application of LLMs in recommendation still encounters challenges: how to effectively integrate user/item content (CT) and collaborative filtering (CF) information;how to effectively process heterogeneous token sequences;and how to efficiently generate recommendations. Therefore, we propose BGLLM4Rec, a bidirectionally guided LLM for recommendation. Specifically, a bidirectionally guided pre-training strategy is proposed to extend user/item ID tokens into the vocabulary of the pre-trained LLM, and leverage both CF LLM and CT LLM to learn their embedding representations. Meanwhile, a heterogeneous-homogeneous (Het-Hom) prompting strategy is proposed to decompose the input sequence into heterogeneous prompt and homogeneous main text parts, performing language modeling solely on the latter to enhance modeling effectiveness and stability. Finally, a recommendation-specific masked prompting fine-tuning strategy is employed to further refine the pre-trained CF LLM, enabling the efficient generation of multiple recommended items without hallucinations. Extensive experiments conducted on three public datasets have demonstrated that BGLLM4Rec exhibits exceptional performance in recommendation tasks. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Collaborative filtering

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