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Electronics Design Automation (ISEDA), International Symposium of

作者： Yantao Yu Zepeng Li Jiarui Chen Xing Huang Genggeng Liu Ning Xu College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xian China School of Information Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9798350352030

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352047

In modern very large-scale integration (VLSI) design, the solution quality of the bus routing is a crucial factor that determines the timing and power of circuit, and finally affects the performance and yield of chips. Taking bus deviation as the main optimization objective, an effective multi-strategy bus deviation-driven layer assignment algorithm is proposed to solve the timing-matching problem of bus routing. First, a net priority determination method that integrates multiple features is presented to determine the layer assignment order, thus obtaining a routing sequence which can weigh the wirelength and bus deviation well. Second, an effective single net layer assignment algorithm is proposed to assign each net based on dynamic programming, thus reducing the number of vias. Third, a layer shifting strategy based on the bus lookup table is designed to effectively balance total wirelength and bus deviation by sacrificing a certain number of vias. Experimental results, compared to existing work, show that the proposed algorithm can achieve significant optimization on the bus deviation and total wirelength, and finally obtain the best results in terms of the bus deviation, which is the most important optimization objective for bus routing.

关键词： Design automation Heuristic algorithms Very large scale integration Routing Timing Pins Dynamic programming

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A Robust key Exchange and Tamper-Resistant Protocol for HAN and NAN networks in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan The University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Jinan250353 China

Smart Grids (SG) rely on Home Area networks (HAN) and Neighborhood Area networks (NAN) to ensure efficient power distribution, real-time monitoring, and seamless communication between smart devices. Despite these advantages, the use of public communication channels in HAN and NAN networks introduces critical challenges, such as vulnerability to impersonation, physical tampering, and scalability issues in resource-constrained environments. These issues compromise the stability, reliability, and security of SG environments. Existing protocols often fail to adequately address these challenges, particularly in ensuring resistance to physical tampering of supply lines and impersonation attacks. Additionally, they struggle to minimize the computation, communication, and energy costs associated with securing a resource-constrained SG environment. Therefore, we propose a robust key exchange and tamper-resistant protocol for HAN and NAN networks to address these limitations. The proposed protocol leverages the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) mechanism to offer physical tampering resistance to smart meters. We validate our protocol formally using the Random or Real (RoR) model, which confirms its security robustness. Additionally, our informal security analysis highlights the protocol's resilience against impersonation, physical tampering attacks, etc. We analyze and compare the performance of the proposed protocol, which further demonstrates our protocol's effectiveness and security compared to competing protocols. Moreover, the proposed protocol achieves resource efficiency with 45.99% and 58.85% substantial reductions in computation overhead and energy overhead, respectively, compared to competing protocols. These results showcase the protocol's enhanced security and practicality for resource-constrained SG environments. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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FLAP: Federated Learning Aggregation Scheme Based on Privileged Secret Sharing

FLAP: Federated Learning Aggregation Scheme Based on Privile...

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International Conference on networking and network Applications (NaNA)

作者： Xianyu Mu Youliang Tian Jinbo Xiong Shuai Wang Boxiang Gong State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang China the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology College of Computer and Cyber Security Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China Guizhou Xishan Technology Co. Ltd

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that trains models on client devices and only uploads new model gradients to servers for aggregation. However, transmitting the true gradients introduces the risk of reverse inference attack, which can compromise client privacy. To address this issue, we present the federated learning aggregation scheme based on privileged secret sharing (FLAP). Firstly, we present privileged secret sharing by combining the one-time pad with shamir secret sharing. Secondly, we introduce game theory to generate games between servers to resist collusion attacks. Finally, the analysis demonstrates that FLAP enables the server to successfully update the global gradient while ensuring the utmost protection of client privacy and FLAP achiev the effect of resisting collusion attack and reverse inference attack. We have proved through experiments that FLAP is 26.42% more efficient than the current scheme, and has strong robustness to drop out.

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Detection and mitigation of RFI in SBRS observation data

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第8期21卷 111-123页

作者： Zhen-Ping Qiang Jun Cheng Zhen-Hong Shang Kai-Fan Ji Fei Dai Hui Liu College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China CAS Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical ObservatoriesBeijing 100101China Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650504China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China

In view of the inconsistency of channel gains and a large amount of interference noise in Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer(SBRS) observation data,they will seriously affect the analysis of SBRS *** this paper,a method of Radio Frequency Interference(RFI) detection and mitigation for SBRS observation data is ***,the SBRS observation data are preprocessed,a part of the observation data was selected to calculate the mean and variance to achieve the normalization of the entire observation data,which can avoid the influence of strong noise on the normalization ***,we proposed an adaptive threshold RFI detection method based on fusion wavelet transform reconstruction and an RFI elimination method based on neighborhood weighted *** is worth mentioning that to detect RFI interference signals of different magnitudes,we adopted an iterative approach to the RFI detection and mitigation *** qualitative analysis of real observation data and quantitative analysis of simulated data,it is shown that the method proposed in this paper can effectively eliminate RFI in SBRS observation data,and improve the quality of observation data for further scientific analysis.

关键词： spectrographs:SBRS techniques:image processing and spectroscopic Sun:radio radiation

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Bridging Queries and Tables through Entities in Table Retrieval

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Da Bi, Keping Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology ICT CAS China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Table retrieval is essential for accessing information stored in structured tabular formats;however, it remains less explored than text retrieval. The content of the table primarily consists of phrases and words, which include a large number of entities, such as time, locations, persons, and organizations. Entities are well-studied in the context of text retrieval, but there is a noticeable lack of research on their applications in table retrieval. In this work, we explore how to leverage entities in tables to improve retrieval performance. First, we investigate the important role of entities in table retrieval from a statistical perspective and propose an entity-enhanced training framework. Subsequently, we use the type of entities to highlight entities instead of introducing an external knowledge base. Moreover, we design an interaction paradigm based on entity representations. Our proposed framework is plug-and-play and flexible, making it easy to integrate into existing table retriever training processes. Empirical results on two table retrieval benchmarks, NQ-TABLES and OTT-QA, show that our proposed framework is both simple and effective in enhancing existing retrievers. We also conduct extensive analyses to confirm the efficacy of different components. Overall, our work provides a promising direction for elevating table retrieval, enlightening future research in this area. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge engineering

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Structural characterization of SARS-CoV-2 dimeric ORF9b reveals potential fold-switching trigger mechanism

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science China(Life sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 152-164页

作者： Xiyue Jin Xue Sun Yan Chai Yu Bai Ying Li Tianjiao Hao Jianxun Qi Hao Song Catherine CL Wong George F.Gao School of Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Peking University First Hospital Peking UniversityBeijing 100034China Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Network of Immunity and Health(RNIH) Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

The constant emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants indicates the evolution and adaptation of the *** innate immune evasion through increased expression of viral antagonist proteins,including ORF9b,contributes to the improved transmission of the Alpha variant;hence,more attention should be paid to these viral ***9b is an accessory protein that suppresses innate immunity via a monomer conformation by binding to ***,we solved the dimeric structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b with a long hydrophobic tunnel containing a lipid molecule that is crucial for the dimeric conformation and determined the specific lipid ligands as monoglycerides by conducting a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis,suggesting an important role in the viral life ***,a long intertwined loop accessible for host factor binding was observed in the *** phosphorylated residues in ORF9b were identified,and residues S50 and S53 were found to contribute to the stabilization of dimeric ***,we proposed a model of multifunctional ORF9b with a distinct conformation,suggesting that ORF9b is a fold-switching protein,while both lipids and phosphorylation contribute to the ***,the ORF9b monomer interacts with Tom70 to suppress the innate immune response,whereas the ORF9b dimer binds to the membrane involving mature virion *** results provide a better understanding of the multiple functions of ORF9b.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b immune escape viral antagonist membrane association fold switch lipid binding

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Provably Secure Efficient key-Exchange Protocol for Intelligent Supply Line Surveillance in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Alenazi, Mohammed J.F. Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu12599 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250353 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan 250353 China

Intelligent supply line surveillance is critical for modern smart grids. Smart sensors and gateway nodes are strategically deployed along supply lines to achieve intelligent surveillance. They collect data continuously and transmit it to the control centre in real-time. It enables real-time monitoring, fault detection, and efficient energy management across distribution networks. This advanced surveillance system ensures continuous monitoring of supply lines, detecting anomalies, and optimizing operations to maintain the stability and reliability of the smart grid. However, the reliance of all participating nodes on public communication channels to transmit supply line surveillance data exposes these systems to critical cyber attacks. These cyber attacks include impersonation, physical tampering, ephemeral secret leakage, and desynchronization attacks. To address these issues, existing key-exchange protocols often fail to ensure robust security while imposing high computation and communication overheads, limiting their practicality for resource-constrained environments. Therefore, we propose a secure and efficient key exchange and tamper-resistant authentication protocol using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). The PUF mechanism provides robust resistance against physical tampering and cloning attacks, ensuring enhanced physical security for supply line devices. We validate the security robustness of the devised protocol using the Random or Real (ROR) model. Furthermore, informal security analysis demonstrates the protocol's robustness in rigorously resisting various attacks, including physical tampering, impersonation, ephemeral secret leakage and desynchronization. Moreover, we determine the performance evaluation that reveals the protocol's superior efficiency compared to competing protocols, achieving significant reductions of 28.64% in computation overhead and 9.96% in communication overhead. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Multi-Scale Adaptive Transformer for Image Deblurring in Magnetic Particle Imaging

Multi-Scale Adaptive Transformer for Image Deblurring in Mag...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Fan Yang Liwen Zhang Jiaxin Zhang Zechen Wei Xin Yang Jie Tian Hui Hui CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Institute of Automation Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Beijing China School of Engineering Medicine School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350313338

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313345

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel medical imaging technology, which uses the nonlinear magnetization response of super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIOs) to describe the distribution of SPIOs in the target region. X-space method is a widely used image reconstruction method of MPI, which directly reconstruct in spatial domain. However, due to its inherent limitation of disregarding the physical properties of real systems, native X-space reconstructed MPI images are usually very blurry which limits the subsequent clinical use. In this study, we propose a novel multi-scale adaptive transformer (MSA-transformer) for image deblurring and recover the detail information. We perform experiments on both simulated datasets and real data to evaluate of our method. The experimental result shows, our method outperforms existing methods including methods used in MPI and some prevalent restoration methods used in computer vision.

关键词： Magnetic particle imaging Magnetic particles Magnetization Transformers Iron Image restoration data mining

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Efficient quantum digital signatures over long distances with likely bit strings

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第2期21卷 024012-024012页

作者： Ji-Qian Qin Zong-Wen Yu Xiang-Bin Wang State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Data Communication Science and Technology Research Institute Beijing 100191 China Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology SAICT Jinan 250101 China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Physics Department Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084 China

Quantum digital signatures (QDSs) can provide information-theoretic security of messages against forgery and repudiation. Compared with previous QDS protocols that focus on signing one-bit messages, hash function–based QDS protocols can save quantum resources and are able to sign messages of arbitrary length. Using the idea of likely bit strings, we propose an efficient QDS protocol with hash functions over long distances. Our method of likely bit strings can be applied to any quantum key distribution–based QDS protocol to significantly improve the signature rate and dramatically increase the secure signature distance of QDS protocols. In order to save computing resources, we propose an improved method where Alice participates in the verification process of Bob and Charlie. This eliminates the computational complexity relating to the huge number of all likely strings. We demonstrate the advantages of our method and our improved method with the example of sending-or-not-sending QDS. Under typical parameters, both our method and our improved method can improve the signature rate by more than 100 times and increase the signature distance by about 150km compared with hash function–based QDS protocols without likely bit strings.

关键词： Quantum cryptography Quantum protocols

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Distinguishing Mixed MNPs in Handheld Magnetic Particle Imaging Using Multiple Excitation Waveforms

Distinguishing Mixed MNPs in Handheld Magnetic Particle Imag...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Bo Zhang Haoran Zhang Yu An Hui Hui Jie Tian School of Engineering Medicine and School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Beijing China CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an innovative imaging technique with significant potential applications. Hand-held MPI, owing to its unique portability, is poised to be at the forefront of clinical applications. When addressing practical clinical challenges, the ability to simultaneously differentiate between two distinct magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) adds more functionality to MPI detection. Recently, differentiation of various magnetic nanoparticles has been achieved through a magnetic particle spectroscopy, but there hasn’t been a method specifically designed for mixed particle detection in handheld MPI. In this paper, we present the design of a handheld MPI device capable of generating multiple excitation waveforms. We establish the system function between the harmonic ratio of received signals and mixed particles, enhancing detection accuracy through diverse excitation waveforms. Experimental results demonstrate that the constructed system function achieves a coefficient of determination above 0.96, with a sample detection accuracy exceeding 95%. This provides an effective tool for clinical detection of various MNPs using handheld MPI.

关键词： Magnetic particle imaging Spectroscopy Accuracy Magnetic particles Atmospheric measurements Imaging Magnetic nanoparticles Size measurement Particle measurements Harmonic analysis

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