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VFLMonitor: Defending One-Party Hijacking Attacks in Vertical Federated Learning

IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 4828-4843页

作者： Xiangrui Xu Yiwen Zhao Yufei Han Yongsheng Zhu Zhen Han Guangquan Xu Bin Wang Shouling Ji Wei Wang School of Information Science and Technology Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA INRIA Rennes Brittany France Institute of Computing Technologies China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd. Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK) College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Network and Data Security Hangzhou China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Zhejiang China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) is susceptible to various one-party hijacking attacks, such as Replay and Generation attacks, where a single malicious client can manipulate the model to produce attacker-specified results, thereby compromising its reliability in real-world deployments. In this paper, we first uncover the underlying mechanisms of these attacks and observe that successful attacks induce significant discrepancies in the embedding-label associations across different clients. We establish a theoretical framework demonstrating how these discrepancies can serve as reliable indicators for detecting hijacking attempts. Building upon this insight, we propose VFLMonitor, a robust defense mechanism that leverages these embedding-label discrepancies to detect and mitigate hijacking attacks. Specifically, VFLMonitor identifies suspicious queries by analyzing differences in label estimations from multiple clients and applies a majority voting rule to correct or filter out these malicious queries. Moreover, VFLMonitor introduces a novel regularization strategy during training to reduce intra-class variance in embeddings, thereby enhancing their discriminative power and improving defense effectiveness. Extensive experiments were conducted on 5 real-world datasets against 2 different attack types under 3 attack scenarios. The results demonstrate that VFLMonitor can effectively identify and exclude potential hijacked requests in all types of one-party hijacking attacks, while maintaining a meager false positive rate for legitimate queries.

关键词： Training Servers Electronic mail Artificial intelligence Reliability theory Predictive models Federated learning data models Computational modeling Collaboration

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WiViPose: A Video-aided Wi-Fi Framework for Environment-Independent 3D Human Pose Estimation

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年

作者： Zhang, Lei Ning, Haoran Tang, Jiaxin Chen, Zhenxiang Zhong, Yaping Han, Yahong Tianjin University College of Intelligence and Computing the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Network Technology and Application Tianjin300050 China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education China University of Jinan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Intelligent Computing the School of Information Science and Engineering Jinan250022 China Wuhan Sports University Sports Big-data Research Center Wuhan430079 China Tianjin University College of Intelligence and Computing the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Machine Learning Tianjin300350 China

The inherent complexity of Wi-Fi signals makes video-aided Wi-Fi 3D pose estimation difficult. The challenges include the limited generalizability of the task across diverse environments, its significant signal heterogeneity, and its inadequate ability to analyze local and geometric information. To overcome these challenges, we introduce WiViPose, a video-aided Wi-Fi framework for 3D pose estimation, which attains enhanced cross-environment generalization through cross-layer optimization. Bilinear temporal-spectral fusion (BTSF) is initially used to fuse the time-domain and frequency-domain features derived from Wi-Fi. Video features are derived from a multiresolution convolutional pose machine and enhanced by local self-attention. Cross-modality data fusion is facilitated through an attention-based transformer, with the process further refined under a supervisory mechanism. WiViPose demonstrates effectiveness by achieving an average percentage of correct keypoints (PCK)@50 of 91.01% across three typical indoor environments. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Multi-modal Self-perception Enhanced Large Language Model for 3D Region-of-Interest Captioning with Limited data

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年

作者： Shi, Lu Kan, Shichao Jin, Yi Zhang, Linna Cen, Yigang Bejing Jiaotong University and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology Institute of Information Science Beijing100044 China Central South University School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan Changsha0410083 China Beijing Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Ministry of Education and the School of Computer and lnformation Technology Beijing100044 China Guizhou University School of Mechanical Engineering Guiyang550025 China

3D Region-of-Interest (RoI) Captioning involves translating a model's understanding of specific objects within a complex 3D scene into descriptive captions. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in this area. Existing methods capture the visual information from RoIs as input tokens for LLMs. However, this approach may not provide enough detailed information for LLMs to generate accurate region-specific captions. In this paper, we introduce Self-RoI, a Large Language Model with multi-modal self-perception capabilities for 3D RoI captioning. To ensure LLMs receive more precise and sufficient information, Self-RoI incorporates Implicit Textual Info. Perception to construct a multi-modal vision-language information. This module utilizes a simple mapping network to generate textual information about basic properties of RoI from vision-following response of LLMs. This textual information is then integrated with the RoI's visual representation to form a comprehensive multi-modal instruction for LLMs. Given the limited availability of 3D RoI-captioning data, we propose a two-stage training strategy to optimize Self-RoI efficiently. In the first stage, we align 3D RoI vision and caption representations. In the second stage, we focus on 3D RoI vision-caption interaction, using a disparate contrastive embedding module to improve the reliability of the implicit textual information and employing language modeling loss to ensure accurate caption generation. Our experiments demonstrate that Self-RoI significantly outperforms previous 3D RoI captioning models. Moreover, the Implicit Textual Info. Perception can be integrated into other multi-modal LLMs for performance enhancement. We will make our code available for further research. © 1999-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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A Lightweight Collaborative Target Recognition Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cluster

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Cao, Mingsheng Yin, Yiyang Zhang, Li Li, Weizhuang Liu, Ziqiang Zhu, Ruizheng Zhao, Yang University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Information and Software Engineering Chengdu611731 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ChengDu Research Institute Chengdu610054 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics School of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing210001 China

This paper aims to explore a reliable target recognition technique for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clusters, and proposes a lightweight collaborative target recognition methods based on multiple viewpoints. In the proposed method, the UAVs are divided into the leaf node UAVs and the head node UAVs. Leaf node UAVs are used for multi-view image acquisition and image feature extraction by utilizing a lightweight feature extraction model. The head node UAVs realize efficient feature fusion from the collected image features by using graph convolutional network and graph coarsening techniques. Based on the above lightweight technologies, the proposed method can realize the efficient and accurate target recognition and reduce the demand for limited computing resources and communication resources in UAV clusters. Experimental results show that, compared with existing multi-view object recognition method, the proposed method has less computing cost and communication overhead while ensuring reliable recognition accuracy. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Optimal spectral transport of non-Hermitian systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Mingtao Gong, Zongping Yi, Wei CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Department of Applied Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Network University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics Hefei230026 China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230088 China Anhui Center for Fundamental Sciences in Theoretical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

The optimal transport problem seeks to minimize the total transportation cost between two distributions, thus providing a measure of distance between them. In this work, we study the optimal transport of the eigenspectrum of one-dimensional non-Hermitian models as the spectrum deforms on the complex plane under a varying imaginary gauge field. Notably, according to the non-Bloch band theory, the deforming spectrum continuously connects the eigenspectra of the original non-Hermitian model (with vanishing gauge field) under different boundary conditions. It follows that the optimal spectral transport should contain key information of the model. Characterizing the optimal spectral transport through the Wasserstein metric, we show that, indeed, important features of the non-Hermitian model, such as the (auxiliary) generalized Brillouin zone, the non-Bloch exceptional point, and topological phase transition, can be determined from the Wasserstein-metric calculation. We confirm our conclusions using concrete examples. Our work highlights the key role of spectral geometry in non-Hermitian physics, and offers a practical and convenient access to the properties of non-Hermitian models. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Gages

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Towards an Ontology of Traceable Impact Management in the Food Supply Chain

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gajderowicz, Bart Fox, Mark S. Gao, Yongchao Urban Data Centre School of Cities University of Toronto Toronto Canada Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China

The pursuit of quality improvements and accountability in the food supply chains, especially how they relate to food-related outcomes, such as hunger, has become increasingly vital, necessitating a comprehensive approach that encompasses product quality and its impact on various stakeholders and their communities. Such an approach offers numerous benefits in increasing product quality and eliminating superfluous measurements while appraising and alleviating the broader societal and environmental repercussions. A traceable impact management model (TIMM) provides an impact structure and a reporting mechanism that identifies each stakeholder’s role in the total impact of food production and consumption stages. The model aims to increase traceability’s utility in understanding the impact of changes on communities affected by food production and consumption, aligning with current and future government requirements, and addressing the needs of communities and consumers. This holistic approach is further supported by an ontological model that forms the logical foundation and a unified terminology. By proposing a holistic and integrated solution across multiple stakeholders, the model emphasizes quality and the extensive impact of championing accountability, sustainability, and responsible practices with global traceability. With these combined efforts, the food supply chain moves toward a global tracking and tracing process that not only ensures product quality but also addresses its impact on a broader scale, fostering accountability, sustainability, and responsible food production and consumption. © 2025, CC BY.

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DRL-Based Time-Varying Workload Scheduling With Priority and Resource Awareness

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IEEE Transactions on network and Service Management 2025年

作者： Liu, Qifeng Fan, Qilin Zhang, Xu Li, Xiuhua Wang, Kai Xiong, Qingyu Chongqing University School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing400044 China Chongqing University Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of Ministry of Education Chongqing400044 China Nanjing University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing210023 China Haihe Laboratory of Information Technology Application Innovation Tianjin300072 China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Weihai264209 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Network Security Weihai264209 China

With the proliferation of cloud services and the continuous growth in enterprises' demand for dynamic multi-dimensional resources, the implementation of effective strategy for time-varying workload scheduling has become increasingly significant. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based method for time-varying workload scheduling, aiming to allocate resources efficiently across servers in the cluster. Specifically, we integrate a classifier and queue scorer to construct a priority queue that exploits temporal resource utilization patterns across different workload classes. Then, we design parallel graph attention layers to capture the dimensional features and temporal dynamics of cloud server cluster. Moreover, we propose a DRL algorithm to generate scheduling strategies that can adapt to dynamic environments. Validation on real-world traces from Google cluster demonstrates that our method outperforms existing approaches in key metrics of cloud server cluster management. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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Quantum-based Variational Approach for Solving Graph Isomorphism Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Yukun Shen, Yingtong Zhang, Zhichao Wan, Linchun Beijing Key Laboratory of Petroleum Data Mining China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing100190 China School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China School of Computer and Information Science Southwest University Chongqing400715 China

The graph isomorphism problem remains a fundamental challenge in computer science, driving the search for efficient decision algorithms. Due to its ambiguous computational complexity, heuristic approaches such as simulated annealing are frequently used to explore the solution space selectively. These methods often achieve high probabilities of identifying solutions quickly, avoiding the exhaustive enumeration required by exact algorithms. However, traditional simulated annealing usually struggles with low sampling efficiency and reduced solution-finding probability in complex or large graph problems. In this study, we integrate the principles of quantum technology to address the graph isomorphism problem. By mapping the solution space to a quantum many-body system, we developed a parameterized model for variational simulated annealing. This approach emphasizes the regions of the solution space that are most likely to contain the optimal solution, thereby enhancing the search accuracy. Artificial neural networks were utilized to parameterize the quantum many-body system, leveraging their capacity for efficient function approximation to perform accurate sampling in the intricate energy landscapes of large graph problems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heuristic methods

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ATEDU-NET: An Attention-Embedded Deep Unet for multi-disease diagnosis in chest X-ray images, breast ultrasound, and retina fundus

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 186卷 109708-109708页

作者： Ejiyi, Chukwuebuka Joseph Qin, Zhen Agbesi, Victor K. Ejiyi, Makuachukwu Bennedith Chikwendu, Ijeoma A. Bamisile, Oluwatoyosi F. Onyekwere, Favour Ezinne Bamisile, Olusola O. College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Sichuan 610059 China Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Pharmacy Department University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nsukka Nigeria School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

In image segmentation for medical image analysis, effective upsampling is crucial for recovering spatial information lost during downsampling. This challenge becomes more pronounced when dealing with diverse medical image modalities, which can significantly impact model performance. Plain and standard skip connections, widely used in most models, often fall short of maintaining high segmentation accuracy across different modalities, because essential spatial information transferred from the encoder to the decoder is lost. Inspired by these limitations, the Attention-Embedded Deep UNet (ATEDU-Net) is presented here, an innovative framework designed and tested on diverse medical image modalities, including X-ray, breast ultrasound, and retinal fundus images. ATEDU-Net features a unique architecture that combines progressive context refinement modules (PCRM) and global context modules (GCM) within a U-shaped network structure with Convgroup blocks which facilitate the integration of convolutional operations. This allows ATEDU-Net to autonomously capture rich spatial details and crucial contextual information from input images. The GCM captures essential contextual information for informed decision-making, while the PCRM enhances feature attention, resulting in precise and robust segmentation. The experimentation and analysis demonstrate that ATEDU-Net promises to be a powerful tool for medical professionals, aiding in the early detection of chest-related diseases, accurate localization of breast tumors, and early identification of eye diseases. This, in turn, contributes significantly to the formulation of optimal therapeutic strategies, enhancing patient care and outcomes. The versatility of ATEDU-Net is further highlighted by its ability to analyze medical images across various modalities, making it well-suited for the complex task of medical image analysis in diverse clinical scenarios. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Image segmentation

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Postoperative Recovery Assessment for Parkinson's Patients via Light-weighted Topological Pose Estimation

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IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2025年

作者： Ma, Zeping Qin, Zhiyao Jiang, Botao Zhu, Guosong Qin, Zhen Geng, Ji Alenazi, Mohammed J.F. Kumari, Saru University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu611731 China Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Chaudhary Charan Singh University Department of Mathematics Uttar Pradesh Meerut India

The UPDRS III scale plays a critical role in diagnosing the progression of Parkinson's disease. Current methods often involve doctors guiding patients through specific actions on the scale, recording their performance, and assigning scores. However, this approach has several drawbacks, including the lengthy time required for doctorpatient communication, the high costs of patients traveling to hospitals for follow-up visits, and the reliance on subjective judgments from doctors, which lack standardized criteria. With advancements in artificial intelligence, many traditional processes have been partially automated. To help patients reduce diagnosis time, lower medical costs, and provide more accurate and objective evaluation results, this paper proposes a Transformer-based pose estimation model for assessing UPDRS III scale actions. By integrating skeleton-based evaluations from the network with a series of post-processing operations, the model enables patients to perform self-assessments of their post-treatment recovery at home, saving doctors significant time. This work introduces a cascaded graph self-attention module, SGAM (Spatial-Graphical Attention Module), to enhance the network's understanding of human topology. Additionally, it proposes a lightweight convolutional block, Chi-block, which employs a novel approach leveraging the attribute invariance of filters to interpret model performance and guide compression. This approach reduces computational costs and model parameters while preserving accuracy. The proposed method demonstrates robust performance on human pose estimation (HPE) datasets and showcases impressive lightweight performance on benchmark datasets such as ImageNet-1K and CIFAR-10. These results demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence in enabling automated remote diagnosis and treatment for Parkinson's patients. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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