Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factor...
Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a
Target-level sentiment classification aims to identify the sentiment of multiple targets in a sentence. Although existing approaches based on neural network have achieved good performance in this task, we find that ma...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781728109626
ISBN:
(纸本)9781728109633
Target-level sentiment classification aims to identify the sentiment of multiple targets in a sentence. Although existing approaches based on neural network have achieved good performance in this task, we find that many approaches tend to give the same predictions for instances that have multiple targets, and this tendency can make a low accuracy for those instances that have different classes for different targets. Based on this observation, we propose MemNetAR, a memory network which can explicitly leverage the adversative relation among multiple targets in a sentence. Specifically, we add an adversative loss to the cross-entropy loss when there are adversative words between targets. The experimental results on public laptop and restaurant datasets prove that our model can improve 0.84% and 0.8% on total test dataset, and improve 2.97% and 2.68% on the dataset consisting of those instances with multiple targets but different classes by leveraging this new adversative information.
Reversible Boolean function is a one-to-one function which maps n-bit input to n-bit output. Reversible logic synthesis has been widely studied due to its relationship with low-energy computation as well as quantum co...
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Convolutional Neural networks (CNN) and the locally connected layer are limited in capturing the importance and relations of different local receptive fields, which are often crucial for tasks such as face verificatio...
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Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to study the pathogenesis of diseases. To enhance the interpretability of classical PCA, various improved PCA methods have been proposed to date. Among these, a typical...
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Assessing relevance between a query and a document is challenging in ad-hoc retrieval due to its diverse patterns, i.e., a document could be relevant to a query as a whole or partially as long as it provides sufficien...
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The robustness of cargo ship transportation networks is essential to the stability of the world trade system. The current research mainly focuses on the coarse-grained, holistic cargo ship transportation network while...
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The robustness of cargo ship transportation networks is essential to the stability of the world trade system. The current research mainly focuses on the coarse-grained, holistic cargo ship transportation network while ignoring the structural diversity of different sub-networks. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of the global cargo ship transportation network based on the most recent Automatic Identification System（AIS） data available. First, we subdivide three typical cargo ship transportation networks（i.e., oil tanker, container ship and bulk carrier） from the original cargo ship transportation network. Then, we design statistical indices based on complex network theory and employ four attack strategies, including random attack and three intentional attacks（i.e., degree-based attack, betweenness-based attack and flux-based attack） to evaluate the robustness of the three typical cargo ship transportation networks. Finally, we compare the integrity of the remaining ports of the network when a small proportion of ports lose their function. The results show that 1） compared with the holistic cargo ship transportation network, the fine-grain-based cargo ship transportation networks can fully reflect the pattern and process of global cargo transportation; 2） different cargo ship networks behave heterogeneously in terms of their robustness, with the container network being the weakest and the bulk carrier network being the strongest; and 3） small-scale intentional attacks may have significant influence on the integrity of the container network but a minor impact on the bulk carrier and oil tanker transportation networks. These conclusions can help improve the decision support capabilities in maritime transportation planning and emergency response and facilitate the establishment of a more reliable maritime transportation ***： The robustness of cargo ship transportation networks is essential to the stability of the world trade system. The current resear
Majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients are highly susceptible to several forms of cognitive impairments,particularly ***,the underlying neural mechanism of these cognitive impairments remains *** aimed to ...
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Majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients are highly susceptible to several forms of cognitive impairments,particularly ***,the underlying neural mechanism of these cognitive impairments remains *** aimed to investigate the correlation between whole brain resting state functional connections(RSFCs)and the cognitive status in 95 patients with *** constructed an elastic net model to estimate the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scores,which served as an index of the cognitive status of the patients,and to select the RSFCs for further ***,we utilized a machine learning technique to evaluate the discriminative ability of the connectivity pattern associated with the selected *** estimated and chronological MoCA scores were significantly correlated with R=0.81 and the mean absolute error(MAE)=***,cognitive impairments of patients with T2DM can be identified using the RSFC pattern with classification accuracy of 90.54%and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of *** connectivity pattern not only included the connections between regions within the default mode network(DMN),but also the functional connectivity between the task-positive networks and the DMN,as well as those within the task-positive *** results suggest that an RSFC pattern could be regarded as a potential biomarker to identify the cognitive status of patients with T2DM.
Understanding chest CT imaging of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will help detect infections early and assess the disease progression. Especially, automated severity assessment of COVID-19 in CT images plays ...
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With the rapid progress made by industry and academia, quantum computers with dozens of qubits or even larger size are being realized. However, the fidelity of existing quantum computers often sharply decreases as the...
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