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Policy network-Based Dual-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Resource Task Offloading in Multi-Access Edge Cloud networks

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China Communications 2024年第4期21卷 53-73页

作者： Feng Chuan Zhang Xu Han Pengchao Ma Tianchun Gong Xiaoxue School of Communications and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Institute of Intelligent Communication and Network Security Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

The Multi-access Edge Cloud(MEC) networks extend cloud computing services and capabilities to the edge of the networks. By bringing computation and storage capabilities closer to end-users and connected devices, MEC networks can support a wide range of applications. MEC networks can also leverage various types of resources, including computation resources, network resources, radio resources,and location-based resources, to provide multidimensional resources for intelligent applications in 5/***, tasks generated by users often consist of multiple subtasks that require different types of resources. It is a challenging problem to offload multiresource task requests to the edge cloud aiming at maximizing benefits due to the heterogeneity of resources provided by devices. To address this issue,we mathematically model the task requests with multiple subtasks. Then, the problem of task offloading of multi-resource task requests is proved to be NP-hard. Furthermore, we propose a novel Dual-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm with Node First and Link features(NF_L_DA_DRL) based on the policy network, to optimize the benefits generated by offloading multi-resource task requests in MEC networks. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the benefit of task offloading with higher resource utilization compared with baseline algorithms.

关键词： benefit maximization deep reinforcement learning multi-access edge cloud task offloading

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An In-Context Schema Understanding Method for Knowledge Base Question Answering

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Yantao Li, Zixuan Jin, Xiaolong Guo, Yucao Bai, Long Guan, Saiping Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

The Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) task aims to answer natural language questions based on a given knowledge base. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in language understanding and can be used to solve this task. In doing so, a major challenge for LLMs is to overcome the immensity and heterogeneity of knowledge base schemas. Existing methods bypass this challenge by initially employing LLMs to generate drafts of logic forms without schema-specific details. Then, an extra module is used to inject schema information to these drafts. In contrast, in this paper, we propose a simple In-Context Schema Understanding (ICSU) method that enables LLMs to directly understand schemas by leveraging in-context learning. Specifically, ICSU provides schema information to LLMs using schema-related annotated examples. We investigate three example retrieval strategies based on raw questions, anonymized questions, and generated SPARQL queries. Experimental results show that ICSU demonstrates competitive performance compared to baseline methods on both the KQA Pro and WebQSP datasets. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Knowledge based systems

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On the Effectiveness of Function-Level Vulnerability Detectors for Inter-Procedural Vulnerabilities 24

On the Effectiveness of Function-Level Vulnerability Detecto...

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44th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2024

作者： Li, Zhen Wang, Ning Zou, Deqing Li, Yating Zhang, Ruqian Xu, Shouhuai Zhang, Chao Jin, Hai Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Cluster and Grid Computing Lab National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hong Kong Jin YinHu Laboratory Wuhan China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China University of Colorado Colorado Springs Department of Computer Science Colorado Springs Colorado United States Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702174

Software vulnerabilities are a major cyber threat and it is important to detect them. One important approach to detecting vulnerabilities is to use deep learning while treating a program function as a whole, known as function-level vulnerability detectors. However, the limitation of this approach is not understood. In this paper, we investigate its limitation in detecting one class of vulnerabilities known as inter-procedural vulnerabilities, where the to-be-patched statements and the vulnerability-triggering statements belong to different functions. For this purpose, we create the first Inter -Procedural Vulnerability dataset (InterPVD) based on C/C++ open-source software, and we propose a tool dubbed VulTrigger for identifying vulnerability-triggering statements across functions. Experimental results show that VulTrigger can effectively identify vulnerability-triggering statements and inter-procedural vulnerabilities. Our findings include: (i) inter-procedural vulnerabilities are prevalent with an average of 2.8 inter-procedural layers;and (ii) function-level vulner-ability detectors are much less effective in detecting to-be-patched functions of inter-procedural vulnerabilities than detecting their counterparts of intra-procedural vulnerabilities. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Open source software

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Towards Robust Universal Information Extraction: Benchmark, Evaluation, and Solution

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhu, Jizhao Shi, Akang Li, Zixuan Bai, Long Jin, Xiaolong Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Computer Science Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China

In this paper, we aim to enhance the robustness of Universal Information Extraction (UIE) by introducing a new benchmark dataset, a comprehensive evaluation, and a feasible solution. Existing robust benchmark datasets have two key limitations: 1) They generate only a limited range of perturbations for a single Information Extraction (IE) task, which fails to evaluate the robustness of UIE models effectively;2) They rely on small models or handcrafted rules to generate perturbations, often resulting in unnatural adversarial examples. Considering the powerful generation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), we introduce a new benchmark dataset for Robust UIE, called RUIE-Bench, which utilizes LLMs to generate more diverse and realistic perturbations across different IE tasks. Based on this dataset, we comprehensively evaluate existing UIE models and reveal that both LLM-based models and other models suffer from significant performance drops. To improve robustness and reduce training costs, we propose a data-augmentation solution that dynamically selects hard samples for iterative training based on the model’s inference loss. Experimental results show that training with only 15% of the data leads to an average 7.5% relative performance improvement across three IE tasks. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information retrieval

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PNRITR:Research on Positive and Negative Entity Region Perception Methods for Image-Text Retrieval 36

PNRITR:Research on Positive and Negative Entity Region Perce...

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36th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, SEKE 2024

作者： Zhang, Zhiping Sun, Tao Zheng, Hongyan Liu, Hao Liu, Gengchen Yang, Zhi Wang, Xiaoyu Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Big Data Applied Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Technology Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)1891706594

The aim of cross-modal image-text retrieval is to heighten comprehension and to create robust associations between visual and textual content. This process entails a mutual querying and synchronization across various data formats. While conventional techniques have seen enhancements via attention-based approaches, they frequently miss the dynamics between corresponding and non-corresponding entity areas within image-text pairs. These techniques, often fixated on aligning image entities with textual terms, can overlook the congruence of entity characteristics, leading to less accurate localization. This research introduces PNRITR, an innovative strategy for cross-modal retrieval that leverages label learning to discern attributes absent from images, broadening the scope beyond just positive entity areas. PNRITR has delivered notable advancements on the Flickr30K and MS-COCO datasets. © 2024 Knowledge Systems institute Graduate School. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge based systems

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MORE: Multi-mOdal REtrieval Augmented Generative Commonsense Reasoning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cui, Wanqing Bi, Keping Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Since commonsense information has been recorded significantly less frequently than its existence, language models pre-trained by text generation have difficulty to learn sufficient commonsense knowledge. Several studies have leveraged text retrieval to augment the models' commonsense ability. Unlike text, images capture commonsense information inherently but little effort has been paid to effectively utilize them. In this work, we propose a novel Multi-mOdal REtrieval (MORE) augmentation framework, to leverage both text and images to enhance the commonsense ability of language models. Extensive experiments on the Common-Gen task have demonstrated the efficacy of MORE based on the pre-trained models of both single and multiple modalities. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Multi-View Graph Embedding Learning for Image Co-Segmentation and Co-Localization

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video technology 2024年第6期34卷 4942-4956页

作者： Huang, Aiping Li, Lijian Zhang, Le Niu, Yuzhen Zhao, Tiesong Lin, Chia-Wen Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou350108 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou350108 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Communication Engineering Chengdu611731 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering The Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Fuzhou350108 China Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

Image co-segmentation and co-localization exploit inter-image information to identify and extract foreground objects with a batch mode. However, they remain challenging when confronted with large object variations or complex backgrounds. This paper proposes a multi-view graph embedding (MV-Gem) learning scheme which integrates diversity, robustness and discernibility of object features to alleviate this phenomenon. To encourage the diversity, the deep co-information containing both low-layer general representations and high-layer semantic information is generated to form a multi-view feature pool for comprehensive co-object description. To enhance the robustness, a multi-view adaptive weighted learning is formulated to fuse the deep co-information for feature complementation. To ensure the discernibility, the graph embedding and sparse constraint are embedded into the fusion formulation for feature selection. The former aims to inherit important structures from multiple views, and the latter further selects important features to restrain irrelevant backgrounds. With these techniques, MV-Gem gradually recovers all co-objects through optimization iterations. Extensive experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that MV-Gem is capable of locating and delineating co-objects in an image group. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Semantic Structure Enhanced Event Causality Identification

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Hu, Zhilei Li, Zixuan Jin, Xiaolong Bai, Long Guan, Saiping Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Event Causality Identification (ECI) aims to identify causal relations between events in unstructured texts. This is a very challenging task, because causal relations are usually expressed by implicit associations between events. Existing methods usually capture such associations by directly modeling the texts with pre-trained language models, which underestimate two kinds of semantic structures vital to the ECI task, namely, event-centric structure and event-associated structure. The former includes important semantic elements related to the events to describe them more precisely, while the latter contains semantic paths between two events to provide possible supports for ECI. In this paper, we study the implicit associations between events by modeling the above explicit semantic structures, and propose a Semantic Structure Integration model (SemSIn). It utilizes a GNN-based event aggregator to integrate the event-centric structure information, and employs an LSTM-based path aggregator to capture the event-associated structure information between two events. Experimental results on three widely used datasets show that SemSIn achieves significant improvements over baseline methods. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modeling languages

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Class-Incremental Few-Shot Event Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhao, Kailin Jin, Xiaolong Bai, Long Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Event detection is one of the fundamental tasks in information extraction and knowledge graph. However, a realistic event detection system often needs to deal with new event classes constantly. These new classes usually have only a few labeled instances as it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to annotate a large number of unlabeled instances. Therefore, this paper proposes a new task, called class-incremental few-shot event detection. Nevertheless, this task faces two problems, i.e., old knowledge forgetting and new class overfitting. To solve these problems, this paper further presents a novel knowledge distillation and prompt learning based method, called Prompt-KD. Specifically, to handle the forgetting problem about old knowledge, Prompt-KD develops an attention based multi-teacher knowledge distillation framework, where the ancestor teacher model pre-trained on base classes is reused in all learning sessions, and the father teacher model derives the current student model via adaptation. On the other hand, in order to cope with the few-shot learning scenario and alleviate the corresponding new class overfitting problem, Prompt-KD is also equipped with a prompt learning mechanism. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets, i.e., FewEvent and MAVEN, demonstrate the superior performance of Prompt-KD. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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Selective Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hou, Zhongni Jin, Xiaolong Li, Zixuan Bai, Long Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG), which characterizes temporally evolving facts in the form of (subject, relation, object, timestamp), has attracted much attention recently. TKG reasoning aims to predict future facts based on given historical ones. However, existing TKG reasoning models are unable to abstain from predictions they are uncertain, which will inevitably bring risks in real-world applications. Thus, in this paper, we propose an abstention mechanism for TKG reasoning, which helps the existing models make selective, instead of indiscriminate, predictions. Specifically, we develop a confidence estimator, called Confidence Estimator with History (CEHis), to enable the existing TKG reasoning models to first estimate their confidence in making predictions, and then abstain from those with low confidence. To do so, CEHis takes two kinds of information into consideration, namely, the certainty of the current prediction and the accuracy of historical predictions. Experiments with representative TKG reasoning models on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CEHis. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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