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Effectiveness of specific scapular therapeutic exercises in patients with shoulder pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis

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JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2024年第2期4卷 161-174页

作者： Melo, Ana S.C. Moreira, Juliana S. Afreixo, Vera Moreira-Gonçalves, Daniel Donato, Helena Cruz, Eduardo B. Vilas-Boas, J. Paulo Sousa, Andreia S.P. Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR) Escola Superior de Saúde Instituto Politécnico do Porto Porto Portugal Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física Saúde e Lazer (CIAFEL) Faculdade de Desporto Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Laboratório de Biomecânica do Porto (LABIOMEP) Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Aplicada em Saúde (CIIAS) Escola Superior de Saúde Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal Setúbal Portugal Department of Mathematics Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications – CIDMA University of Aveiro Portugal ITR Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health Porto Portugal Documentation and Scientific Information Department Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Departamento de Fisioterapia Escola Superior de Saúde Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal Setúbal Portugal Centro de Investigação Integrada em Saúde (CHRC) Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Centro de Investigação Formação Inovação e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D) Faculdade de Desporto Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal

Background: Therapeutic exercise has been considered a useful tool to rehabilitate shoulder pain, namely through its influence on scapular dynamics. Accordingly, the effectiveness of scapular therapeutic exercise needs to be explored. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of scapular therapeutic exercises in shoulder pain and to identify the most effective exercise type (focal or multijoint) and ways of delivering them (as dose and progression). Methods: Search was conducted at EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and trial registration databases. The meta-analysis considered randomized controlled/crossover trials that compared the effect of scapular exercises against other types of intervention in the shoulder pain, shoulder function, scapular motion, and/or muscular activity. The risk of bias was assessed through the PEDro scale. Results: From the 8318 records identified, 8 (high to low risk of bias– scoring from 4 to 8 on the PEDro scale) were included. The overall data, before sensitivity analysis, indicated that the scapular therapeutic exercises are: a) more effective than comparators in improving shoulder function (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.52 [95% Cl: 0.05, 0.99], P = .03, I² = 76%);and b) as effective as comparators in reducing shoulder pain (SMD = 0.32 [95% Cl: −0.09, 0.73], P = .13, I² = 70%). Subgroup analysis revealed that scapular exercises are more effective in improving shoulder function when the program duration is equal to or higher than 6 weeks (SMD = 0.43 [95% Cl: 0.09, 0.76] P = .01, I² = 21%) and/or when the maximum number of exercise repetitions per session is lower than 30 (SMD = 0.79 [95% Cl: 0.15, 1.42], P = .01, I² = 77%). Only 1 study considered scapular motion as an outcome measure, revealing therapeutic exercise effectiveness to improve scapular range of motion. Conclusions: Intervention programs invo

关键词： Function Kinematics Level II Muscular activity Pain Rehabilitation Scapular muscles Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis

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Injective hulls of quantale-enriched multicategories

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Martinelli, Eros Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications Department of Mathematics University of Aveiro Portugal

In this communication we generalize some recent results of Rump to categories enriched in a commutative quantale V. Using these results, we show that every quantale-enriched multicategory admits an injective hull. Finally, we expose a connection between the Isbell adjunction and the construction of injective hulls for topological spaces made by Banaschewski in 1973. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Kerr black holes with synchronised axionic hair

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Delgado, Jorge F.M. Herdeiro, Carlos A.R. Radu, Eugen Departamento de Matemática Universidade de Aveiro Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications CIDMA Campus de Santiago Aveiro3810-183 Portugal

We construct and analyse Kerr black holes (BHs) with synchronised axionic hair. These are the BH generalisations of the recently constructed rotating axion boson stars [1]. Such BHs are stationary, axially symmetric, asymptotically flat solutions of the complex Einstein-Klein-Gordon theory with a QCD axion-like potential. They are regular everywhere on and outside the event horizon. The potential is characterised by two parameters: the mass of the axion-like particle, ma and the decay constant fa. The limit fa → ∞ recovers the original example of Kerr BHs with synchronised scalar hair [2]. The effects of the non-linearities in the potential become important for fa . 1. We present an overview of the parameter space of the solutions together with a study of their basic geometric and phenomenological properties, for an illustrative value of the coupling that yields a non-negligible impact of the self-interactions. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stars

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Shadows and lensing of black holes immersed in strong magnetic fields

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Physical Review D 2021年第4期104卷 044018-044018页

作者： Haroldo C. D. Lima Junior Pedro V. P. Cunha Carlos A. R. Herdeiro Luís C. B. Crispino Faculdade de Física Universidade Federal do Pará 66075-110 Belém PA Brazil Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) Campus de Santiago 3810-183 Aveiro Portugal

We investigate the null geodesic flow and in particular the light rings (LRs), fundamental photon orbits (FPOs) and shadows of a black hole (BH) immersed in a strong, uniform magnetic field, described by the Schwarzschilld-Melvin electrovacuum solution. The empty Melvin magnetic Universe contains a tube of planar LRs. Including a BH, for weak magnetic fields, the shadow becomes oblate, whereas the intrinsic horizon geometry becomes prolate. For strong magnetic fields (overcritical solutions), there are no LRs outside the BH horizon, a result explained using topological arguments. This feature, together with the light confining structure of the Melvin universe yields panoramic shadows, seen (almost) all around the equator of the observer’s sky. Despite the lack of LRs, there are FPOs, including polar planar ones, which define the shadow edge. We also observe and discuss chaotic lensing, including in the empty Melvin universe, and multiple disconnected shadows.

关键词： Classical black holes General relativity

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Piercing of a solitonic boson star by a black hole

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Physical Review D 2023年第8期108卷 084051-084051页

作者： Zhen Zhong Vitor Cardoso Taishi Ikeda Miguel Zilhão CENTRA Departamento de Física Instituto Superior Técnico—IST Universidade de Lisboa—UL Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal Niels Bohr International Academy Niels Bohr Institute Blegdamsvej 17 2100 Copenhagen Denmark Dipartimento di Fisica “Sapienza” Universitá di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) Campus de Santiago 3810-183 Aveiro Portugal

Recently, the piercing of a mini boson star by a black hole was studied, with tidal capture and the discovery of a “gravitational atom” being reported [Cardoso et al., Phys. Rev. D 106, 044030 (2022).]. Building on this research, we extend the study by including a hexic solitonic potential and explore the piercing of a solitonic boson star by a black hole. Notably, the solitonic boson star can reach higher compactness, which one might expect could alter the dynamics in this context. Our findings suggest that even when the black hole’s size approaches the test particle limit, the solitonic boson star is easily captured by the black hole due to an extreme tidal capture process. Regardless of the black hole initial mass and velocity, our results indicate that over 85% of the boson star material is accreted. Thus, the self-interaction does not alter the qualitative behavior of the system.

关键词： Dark matter Gravitation Gravitational waves

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Improving production systems with lean: A case study in a medium-sized manufacturer

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International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering 2019年第2期33卷 162-180页

作者： Vieira, Sérgio Manuel Oliveira Lopes, Rui Borges DEGEIT University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro3810-193 Portugal CIDMA - Center for Research and Development in Mathematics Applications/DEGEIT University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro3810-193 Portugal

Lean principles and tools have been increasingly employed in companies across several sectors, with numerous successful implementations both inside and outside production environments. In the case of Portuguese companies, few works have reported the application and corresponding results of lean, and even fewer focusing on small and medium sized companies. This work presents a case study of an implementation of several lean principles and tools in the production sector of a Portuguese medium-sized screw cap manufacturer. Visual management, A3 thinking, and single-minute exchange of die (SMED) were employed to identify and reduce inefficiencies and waste in the shop floor. The implementation of these principles and tools is detailed, showcasing the necessary adjustments for being correctly embedded in the company's culture. Qualitative and quantitative results are presented concerning the case study, where a continuous improvement culture was adhered to and a significant gain in productivity could be observed. Copyright © 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Bottles

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Deconstructing scaling virial identities in general relativity: Spherical symmetry and beyond

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Physical Review D 2022年第2期106卷 024054-024054页

作者： Carlos A. R. Herdeiro João M. S. Oliveira Alexandre M. Pombo Eugen Radu Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) Campus de Santiago 3810-183 Aveiro Portugal Centro de Matemática Universidade do Minho 4710-057 Braga Portugal Departamento de Física Instituto Superior Técnico—IST Universidade de Lisboa—UL Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal

Derrick-type virial identities, obtained via dilatation (scaling) arguments, have a variety of applications in field theories. We deconstruct such virial identities in relativistic gravity showing how they can be recast as self-evident integrals of appropriate combinations of the equations of motion. In spherical symmetry, the appropriate combination and gauge choice guarantee the geometric part can be integrated out to yield a master form of the virial identity as a nontrivial energy-momentum balance condition, valid for both asymptotically flat black holes and self-gravitating solitons, for any matter model. Specifying the matter model we recover previous results obtained via the scaling procedure. We then discuss the more general case of stationary, axisymmetric, asymptotically flat black hole or solitonic solutions in general relativity, for which a master form for their virial identity is proposed, in a specific gauge but regardless of the matter content. In the flat spacetime limit, the master virial identity for both the spherical and axial cases reduces to a balance condition for the principal pressures, discussed by Deser.

关键词： Classical black holes General relativity General relativity formalism

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Can fermion-boson stars reconcile multimessenger observations of compact stars?

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Physical Review D 2022年第6期105卷 063005-063005页

作者： Fabrizio Di Giovanni Nicolas Sanchis-Gual Pablo Cerdá-Durán José A. Font Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica Universitat de València Carrer del Doctor Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) Campus de Santiago 3810-183 Aveiro Portugal Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València Catedrático José Beltrán 2 46980 Paterna (València) Spain

Mixed fermion-boson stars are stable, horizonless, everywhere-regular solutions of the coupled Einstein-(complex, massive) Klein-Gordon-Euler system. While isolated neutron stars and boson stars are uniquely determined by their central energy density, mixed configurations conform to an extended parameter space that depends on the combination of the number of fermions and (ultralight) bosons. The wider possibilities offered by fermion-boson stars could help to explain the tension in the measurements of neutron star masses and radii reported in recent multimessenger observations and nuclear physics experiments. In this work, we construct equilibrium configurations of mixed fermion-boson stars with realistic equations of state for the fermionic component and different percentages of bosonic matter. We show that our solutions are in excellent agreement with multimessenger data, including gravitational-wave events GW170817 and GW190814 and x-ray pulsars PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620, as well as with nuclear physics constraints from the PREX-2 experiment.

关键词： Fluids & classical fields in curved spacetime General relativity equations & solutions General relativity formalism Particle astrophysics Particle dark matter Neutron stars & pulsars Solitons Numerical relativity

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Rotating Axion Boson Stars

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Delgado, Jorge F.M. Herdeiro, Carlos A.R. Radu, Eugen Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications CIDMA Campus de Santiago Aveiro3810-183 Portugal

We construct and study rotating axion boson stars (RABSs). These are the spinning generalisations of the spherical gravitating solitons recently introduced in [1]. RABSs are asymptotically flat, stationary, axially symmetric, everywhere regular solutions of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon theory, in the presence of a periodic scalar potential arising in models of axion-like particles. The potential is characterised by two parameters: the mass of the scalar field ma and the decay constant fa. We present an overview of the solution space, for different values of fa, and analyse some of their phenomenological properties. For large decay constants the solutions become identical to the standard spinning mini boson stars. For small decay constants, on the other hand, the solutions develop distinctive features. In particular, we analyse their compactness, the emergence of ergoregions, light rings and the distribution of stable and unstable equatorial timelike circular orbits, including the innermost stable circular orbit. We also establish the occurrence of violations of the strong energy condition for physical observers, for some RABSs. We observe some analogy between RABSs and spinning gravitating Q-balls. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bosons

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Uniformly distributed-order wave equation in higher dimensions

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2849卷

作者： N. Vieira M. M. Rodrigues M. Ferreira CIDMA-Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications Department of Mathematics-University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal School of Technology and Management-Polytechnic of Leiria Campus 2 Morro do Lena – Alto do Vieiro P-2411-901 Leiria Portugal

In this short paper, we obtain the eigenfunctions of the uniformly distributed-order wave equation in ℝn× ℝ+, as Laplace integral of Fox H-functions. For the particular case of the first fundamental solution, the fractional moment of second order of the fundamental solution is studied using the Tauberian Theorem.

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