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The international surface temperature initiative

AIP Conference Proceedings 2013年第1期1552卷

作者： P. W. Thorne J. H. Lawrimore K. M. Willett R. Allan R. E. Chandler A. Mhanda M. de Podesta A. Possolo J. Revadekar M. Rusticucci P. A. Stott G. F. Strouse B. Trewin X. L. Wang A. Yatagai C. Merchant A. Merlone T. C. Peterson E. M. Scott Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen Norway NOAA's National Climatic Data Center Asheville NC USA Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom Department of Statistical Science University College London London United Kingdom African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development Niamey Niger National Physical Laboratory Teddington United Kingdom National Institute for Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA Center for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom National Institute for Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Australia Climate Research Division Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada Toronto ON Canada Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto Japan School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Italy NOAA's National Climatic Data Center Asheville NC USA School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom

The aim of International Surface Temperature Initiative is to create an end-to-end process for analysis of air temperature data taken over the land surface of the Earth. The foundation of any analysis is the source data. Land surface air temperature records have traditionally been stored in local, organizational, national and international holdings, some of which have been available digitally but many of which are available solely on paper or as imaged files. Further, economic and geopolitical realities have often precluded open sharing of these data. The necessary first step therefore is to collate readily available holdings and augment these over time either through gaining access to previously unavailable digital data or through data rescue and digitization activities. Next, it must be recognized that these historical measurements were made primarily in support of real-time weather applications where timeliness and coverage are key. At almost every long-term station it is virtually certain that changes in instrumentation, siting or observing practices have occurred. Because none of the historical measures were made in a metrologically traceable manner there is no unambiguous way to retrieve the true climate evolution from the heterogeneous raw data holdings. Therefore it is desirable for multiple independent groups to produce adjusted data sets (so-called homogenized data) to adequately understand the data characteristics and estimate uncertainties. Then it is necessary to benchmark the performance of the contributed algorithms (equivalent to metrological software validation) through development of realistic benchmark datasets. In support of this, a series of successive benchmarking and assessment cycles are envisaged, allowing continual improvement while avoiding over-tuning of algorithms. Finally, a portal is proposed giving access to related data-products, utilizing the assessment results to provide guidance to end-users on which product is the most suited to

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Online evaluation of a changes detection algorithm for depth of anesthesia signals ?

Online evaluation of a changes detection algorithm for depth...

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8th IFAC Symposium on Biological and Medical Systems, BMS 2012

作者： Sebastião, Raquel Silva, Margarida M. Rabiço, Rui Gama, João Mendonça, Teresa LIAAD-INESC Porto L.A. Universidade Do Porto Rua de Ceuta 118 6 4050-190 Porto Portugal Dep. de Matemática Fac. Ciências da Universidade Do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal Div. Systems and Control Dep. Information Technology Uppsala University Box 337 SE-751 05 Uppsala Sweden Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications Departamento de Matemática Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos Porto Portugal Fac. Economia da Universidade Do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-464 Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823106

The detection of changes in the signals used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia of patients undergoing surgery is of foremost importance. This detection allows to decide how to adapt the doses of hypnotics and analgesics to be administered to patients for minimally invasive diagnostics and therapeutic procedures. This paper presents an algorithm based on the Page-Hinkley test to automatically detect changes in the referred depth of anesthesia signals of patients undergoing general anesthesia. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated online using data from patients subject to surgery. The results show that most of the detected changes are in accordance with the actions of the clinicians in terms of times where a change in the hypnotic or analgesic rates had occurred. This detection was performed under the presence of noise and sensor faults. The results encourage the inclusion of the proposed algorithm in a decision support system based on depth of anesthesia signals. © 2012 IFAC.

关键词： Surgery

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Online evaluation of a changes detection algorithm for depth of anesthesia signals

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2012年第18期45卷 343-348页

作者： Raquel Sebastião Margarida M. Silva Rui Rabiço João Gama Teresa Mendonça LIAAD-INESC Porto L.A. Universidade do Porto Rua de Ceuta 118 6 4050-190 Porto Portugal Dep. de Matemática Fac. Ciěncias da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal Div. Systems and Control Dep. Information Technology Uppsala University Box 337 SE-751 05 Uppsala Sweden Center for Research & Development in Mathematics and Applications Departamento de Matemática Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos Porto Portugal Fac. Economia da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-464 Porto Portugal

关键词： Adaptive systems Changes detection algorithms Data flow analysis Dynamic behavior

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A compartmental model-based control strategy for NeuroMuscular Blockade level

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2011年第1期44卷 599-604页

作者： J. Almeida M.M. Silva T. Mendonça P. Rocha Departamento de Matemática Faculdade de Ciěncias da Universidade do Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal Division of Systems and Control Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Box 337 SE-751 05 Uppsala Sweden Dep. Matemática FCUP and CIDMA Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal and CIDMA Dep. Matemática FCUP and Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) Dep. Matemática Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal

Abstract This paper presents a compartmental model-based control strategy to drive the NeuroMuscular Blockade level of patients undergoing general anesthesia to a predefined target. For that purpose, a compartmental realization of a minimally parameterized nonlinear Wiener model was derived and used on an adapted version of the standard compartmental control law for linear systems. The identification of the model parameters was recursively performed by one Extended Kalman Filter during the initial bolus induction period and stopped afterwards. To overcome the fact that this identification is stopped during the closed-loop control period, uncertainties in the parameters are assumed to be present and included in the control law. Information taken from the identification of real collected cases was used to tune the parameter uncertainties. The feasibility of the whole strategy was evaluated in a bank of simulated models, giving rise to good reference tracking results even in the presence of noise.

关键词： Automatic control systems Positive feedback Compartmental Systems Anesthesia

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Prediction Error identification of minimally parameterized Wiener models in anesthesia

Prediction Error identification of minimally parameterized W...

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作者： Martins Da Silva, Margarida Division of Systems and Control Department of Information Technology Uppsala University SE-751 05 Uppsala Sweden Dep. Matemática Faculdade de Ciências Universidade Do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications Dep. Matemática Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783902661937

Patient modeling is a necessary step towards the achievement of successful control strategies that guarantee adequate drug dosing in patients subject to anesthesia. In this paper, Prediction Error Method algorithms for the identification of Wiener models describing the effect of drugs in those patients are derived. The proposed methods are general for cases where the effect of drugs in the human body is modeled by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models. In order to exemplify the performance of the proposed Prediction Error Method algorithms a database with real records collected from patients undergoing general anesthesia is used. The two parameters of a SISO Wiener model describing the effect of the muscle relaxant atracurium in the NeuroMuscular Blockade are identified. Regarding the Depth of Anesthesia, the four parameters of a MISO Wiener model describing the joint effect of the hypnotic propofol and the opioid remifentanil in the Bispectral Index are also identified. The results show that the identified parameters give rise to predicted output signals that follow the main trends of the real signals, discarding the noise that highly corrupts the measurements. This fact supports the use of these minimally parameterized models to model the aforementioned systems since they correctly describe the real dynamics of the systems. © 2011 IFAC.

关键词： Forecasting

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Prediction error identification of minimally parameterized Wiener models in anesthesia *

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2011年第1期44卷 5615-5620页

作者： Margarida Martins da Silva Division of Systems and Control Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Box 337 SE-751 05 Uppsala Sweden Dep. Matemática Faculdade de Ciěncias da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal Center for Research & Development in Mathematics and Applications Dep. Matemática Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal

Abstract Patient modeling is a necessary step towards the achievement of successful control strategies that guarantee adequate drug dosing in patients subject to anesthesia. In this paper, Prediction Error Method algorithms for the identification of Wiener models describing the effect of drugs in those patients are derived. The proposed methods are general for cases where the effect of drugs in the human body is modeled by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models. In order to exemplify the performance of the proposed Prediction Error Method algorithms a database with real records collected from patients undergoing general anesthesia is used. The two parameters of a SISO Wiener model describing the effect of the muscle relaxant atracurium in the NeuroMuscular Blockade are identified. Regarding the Depth of Anesthesia, the four parameters of a MISO Wiener model describing the joint effect of the hypnotic propofol and the opioid remifentanil in the Bispectral Index are also identified. The results show that the identified parameters give rise to predicted output signals that follow the main trends of the real signals, discarding the noise that highly corrupts the measurements. This fact supports the use of these minimally parameterized models to model the aforementioned systems since they correctly describe the real dynamics of the systems.

关键词： Identification algorithms Prediction Error Method Wiener models biomedical systems NeuroMuscular Blockade Bispectral Index anesthesia

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Wiener‐Hopf plus Hankel Operators with Almost Periodic Symbols on Weighted Lebesgue Spaces

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1301卷 77-84页

作者： L. P. Castro A. S. Silva Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications Department of Mathematics University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal

We obtain an invertibility characterization for Wiener‐Hopf plus Hankel operators with almost periodic symbols on weighted Lebesgue spaces Lp(R+,w), where 1<p<∞ and w belongs to a subclass of Muckenhoupt weigh...

We obtain an invertibility characterization for Wiener‐Hopf plus Hankel operators with almost periodic symbols on weighted Lebesgue spaces Lp(R+,w), where 1

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Bounds for the Kernel Dimension of Singular Integral Operators with Carleman Shift

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1301卷 68-76页

作者： L. P. Castro E. M. Rojas Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications Department of Mathematics University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal

Upper bounds for the kernel dimension of singular integral operators with orientation‐preserving Carleman shift are obtained. This is implemented by using some estimates which are derived with the help of certain explicit operator relations. In particular, the interplay between classes of operators with and without Carleman shifts have a preponderant importance to achieve the mentioned bounds.

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The Broad Institute-Six Years Later

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CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2010年第4期17卷 311-312页

作者： McCarthy, Alice Main Text “In June 2003 the scientific and medical communities at MIT Harvard University and its affiliated hospitals and the Whitehead Institute banded together as collaborating partners to form the Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute based in Cambridge MA. The Broad Institute established with initial funding from a $100 million philanthropic donation from the Los Angeles-based Broad family was primarily viewed as a marriage between the Whitehead Institute's Center for Genome Research (WICGR) and the Harvard Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology (ICCB). Eli Broad founder and chairman of AIG SunAmerica Inc. explained “the purpose of the Broad Institute is to create a new type of research institute to build on the accomplishments of the human genome project and to move to clinical applications to both prevent and cure diseases.” Every Thursday morning we meet with perhaps 20 faculty members and 100 other researchers to discuss what we're all doing and should be doing next. -David Altschuler This paragraph was written five years ago when the Broad Institute was in its very earliest days as a life science research community (McCarthy 2005). Since that time “the Broad” as it's known has kept true to Eli Broad's vision having attracted a talented group of researchers faculty trainees and professional staff. This 1600 person research community known internally as “Broadies” includes faculty staff and students from throughout the MIT and Harvard biomedical research communities and beyond with collaborations spanning over a hundred private and public institutions in more than 40 countries worldwide. “What is special about the Broad is that we have people from Harvard MIT and the Harvard hospitals come together and work on problems of shared interest that could not be solved in their own individuals labs” explains David Altshuler M.D. Ph.D. Deputy Director and one of the Broad's six core faculty members. “These problems require expertise beyond any one principal investigator and in

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An application of cartesian-grid and volume-of-fluid methods to numerical ship hydrodynamics

An application of cartesian-grid and volume-of-fluid methods...

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9th International Conference on Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, NSH 2007

作者： Dommermuth, Douglas G. O'Shea, Thomas T. Wyatt, Donald C. Ratcliffe, Toby Weymouth, Gabriel D. Hendrikson, Kelli L. Yue, Dick K.P. Sussman, Mark Adams, Paul Valenciano, Miguel Naval Hydrodynamics Division Science Applications International Corporation 10260 Campus Point Drive MS 35 San Diego CA 92121 United States Carderock Division Naval Surface Warfare Center West Bethesda MD 20817 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Mathematics Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 United States U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg MS 39180 United States

A combination of cartesian-grid methods and volume-offluid methods is used to simulate breaking waves around ships and the resulting hydrodynamic forces. A surface panelization of a ship hull is used as input to automatically generate an immersed-boundary representation of the geometry on a cartesian grid. No additional gridding beyond what is already used in potential-flow methods and hydrostatics calculations is required. The volumeof- fluid portion of the numerical algorithm is used to capture the free-surface interface, including the breaking of waves, the formation of spray, and the entrainment of air. The numerical scheme is implemented on a parallel computer. The numerical simulations are compared to analytical solutions and experimental measurements. Together, the ease of input and usage, the ability to model and resolve complex free-surface phenomena, and the speed of the numerical algorithm provide a robust capability for simulating the free-surface disturbances near a ship.

关键词： Hulls (ship)

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