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International Conference on Distributed computing in Sensor systems (DCOSS)

作者： Rui Reis Pedro M. Santos Mário J. Sousa Nuno Martins Joana Sousa Luis Almeida Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Portugal Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP) Portugal CISTER Research Center in Real-Time & Embedded Computing Systems Portugal NOS Inovação Portugal

Edge computing is poised to greatly boost Industry 5.0 by providing a computing substrate that can run highly specialized applications with minimal latency, reducing the requirements on computational resources at the end-user and allowing the sharing of resources between multiple end-users. The intended services and workflows need to be designed, configured and deployed at target edge devices, and during operation their status needs to be monitored. There are several industrial frameworks that provide such functionalities, but often there is little support to execute them simultaneously over many target devices. In this paper we present the LEM tool, a tool that enables the management (monitor, configure, deploy) of workflows in a large number of edge devices. The tool connects to existing industrial frameworks to provide these functionalities, abstracting the low level configuration aspects of each framework and enabling simultaneous configuration of multiple devices, a feature that many frameworks do not support. The tool offers a web-based GUI that allows the infrastructure manager to conveniently check the status of all devices and flows running in each device, deploy new flows on selected devices, and start and stop flows. Experimental measurements show residual response time overhead as the number of devices increases.

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Machine Learning-Aided Operations and Communications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Contemporary Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kurunathan, Harrison Huang, Hailong Li, Kai Ni, Wei Hossain, Ekram CISTER - Research Centre in Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems Porto Portugal The Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Sydney Australia The University of Manitoba Canada

Over the past decade, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have provided pervasive, efficient, and cost-effective solutions for data collection and communications. Their excellent mobility, flexibility, and fast deployment enable UAVs to be extensively utilized in agriculture, medical, rescue missions, smart cities, and intelligent transportation systems. Machine learning (ML) has been increasingly demonstrating its capability of improving the automation and operation precision of UAVs and many UAV-assisted applications, such as communications, sensing, and data collection. The ongoing amalgamation of UAV and ML techniques is creating a significant synergy and empowering UAVs with unprecedented intelligence and autonomy. This survey aims to provide a timely and comprehensive overview of ML techniques used in UAV operations and communications and identify the potential growth areas and research gaps. We emphasize the four key components of UAV operations and communications to which ML can significantly contribute, namely, perception and feature extraction, feature interpretation and regeneration, trajectory and mission planning, and aerodynamic control and operation. We classify the latest popular ML tools based on their applications to the four components and conduct gap analyses. This survey also takes a step forward by pointing out significant challenges in the upcoming realm of ML-aided automated UAV operations and communications. It is revealed that different ML techniques dominate the applications to the four key modules of UAV operations and communications. While there is an increasing trend of cross-module designs, little effort has been devoted to an end-to-end ML framework, from perception and feature extraction to aerodynamic control and operation. It is also unveiled that the reliability and trust of ML in UAV operations and applications require significant attention before full automation of UAVs and potential cooperation between UAVs and humans come to fruit

关键词： Data acquisition

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Cooperative Vehicle Platoon Intra-communications over Space-time Correlated Rice fading Channels with co-channel Interference

Cooperative Vehicle Platoon Intra-communications over Space-...

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IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

作者： Ramiro Sámano-Robles Research Centre in Real-time and Embedded Computing Systems Porto Portugal

This paper investigates the performance of vehicle platoon intra-communications in the presence of node relaying cooperation. In the proposed scenario, all nodes are allowed to relay the signals of other entities towards the next/final destination. This improves channel conditions by mimicking large scale (virtual) antennas, thereby achieving the concept of cooperative diversity. The scenario considers a platoon of J vehicles assisted by a set of relay nodes. These potential relays include the same vehicles of the platoon, as well as base stations (BSs) and/or road-side units (RSUs). The objective is to evaluate the delay experienced by a packet transmitted by the leader towards all the vehicles of the formation. Each vehicle and each relayingable node is considered to relay the correctly received message to the remaining entities, but most importantly to all the vehicles of the platoon. We consider that if a given transmission attempt is not successfully received by all entities, then the transmitter and relays with a correct copy of the transmission engage in a persistent retransmission scheme that stops only when the packet has been correctly received by all the vehicles. Instantaneous and ideal feedback is used in all calculations. The criterion used to consider a packet correctly received by the destination is that the instantaneous signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) surpasses a reception threshold. It is assumed that the destination nodes store a copy of all the received transmissions over consecutive time slots and antenna elements. These signals are processed using ideal maximum-ratio combining (MRC) to obtain a more reliable copy of the information (i.e. using time and/or retransmission diversity). Multiple antennas are used by all the vehicles and nodes of the network under analysis. Novel spatial and temporal correlation tools are introduced in the channel model with Rice fading statistics and co-channel interference. Results suggest that RSUs

关键词： Fading channels Correlation Road side unit Diversity reception Transmitting antennas Receiving antennas Delays

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Differentially Private Energy Sharing Among Smart Grid-Powered Base Stations

Differentially Private Energy Sharing Among Smart Grid-Power...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Liwan Qi Bochun Wu Fei Wang Kai Li Wei Ni Abbas Jamalipour State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Fudan University Shanghai China College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering Hexi University Zhangye China University of Cambridge Cambridge U.K. Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems Research Centre (CISTER) Porto Portugal Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Sydney NSW Australia School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (数字)9798331517786

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517793

Allowing for energy sharing among base stations (BSs), we investigate a distributed BS system equipped with renewable power units and energy storage batteries. While offering significant benefits, this raises concerns about privacy protection. By leveraging the Laplace mechanism, our differential privacy (DP)-based method safeguards energy consumption data related to processing data tasks from different BSs. To address a long-term average cost minimization problem, we propose a distributed online algorithm for efficient energy sharing. We demonstrate that the boundary constraints of energy storage batteries can still be satisfied by choosing parameters appropriately. We provide a theoretical bound for the optimality gap and validate the effectiveness of our theoretical results. Numerical results indicate our algorithm can potentially reduce the average costs of BSs by up to 34%.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Privacy Energy consumption Base stations Vehicular and wireless technologies Costs Batteries Smart grids Protection Optimization

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An Experimental Study of Two-way Ranging Optimization in UWB-based Simultaneous Localization and Wall-Mapping systems

An Experimental Study of Two-way Ranging Optimization in UWB...

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International Wireless Communications and Mobile computing Conference, IWCMC

作者： Kai Li Wei Ni Bo Wei Mohsen Guizani Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems Research Centre (CISTER) Porto Portugal Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Sydney Australia Computer and Information Sciences Northumbria University UK Computer Science and Engineering Department Qatar University Doha Qatar

In this paper, we propose a new ultra-wideband (UWB)-based simultaneous localization and wall-mapping (SLAM) system, which adopts two-way ranging optimization on UWB anchor and tag nodes to track the target's real-time movement in an unknown area. The proposed UWB-based SLAM system captures time difference of arrival (TDoA) of the anchor nodes' signals over a line-of-sight propagation path and reflected paths. The real-time location of the UWB tag is estimated according to the real-time TDoA measurements. To minimize the estimation error resulting from background noise in the two-way ranging, a Least Squares Method is implemented to minimize the estimation error for the localization of a static target, while Kalman Filter is applied for the localization of a mobile target. An experimental testbed is built based on off-the-shelf UWB hardware. Experiments validate that a reflector, e.g., a wall, and the UWB tag can be located according to the two-way ranging measurement. The localization accuracy of the proposed SLAM system is also evaluated, where the difference between the estimated location and the ground truth trajectory is less than 1 meter.

关键词： Location awareness Estimation error Simultaneous localization and mapping Target tracking real-time systems Distance measurement Trajectory

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Work-In-Progress: a DSL for the safe deployment of Runtime Monitors in Cyber-Physical systems

Work-In-Progress: a DSL for the safe deployment of Runtime M...

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real-time systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： Giann Spilere Nandi David Pereira José Proença Eduardo Tovar CISTER - Research Centre in Real-Time & Embedded Computing Systems Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9781728183244

ISBN: (纸本)9781728183251

Guaranteeing that safety-critical Cyber-Physical systems (CPS) do not fail upon deployment is becoming an even more complicated task with the increased use of complex software solutions. To aid in this matter, formal methods (rigorous mathematical and logical techniques) can be used to obtain proofs about the correctness of CPS. In such a context, Runtime Verification has emerged as a promising solution that combines the formal specification of properties to be validated and monitors that perform these validations during runtime. Although helpful, runtime verification solutions introduce an inevitable overhead in the system, which can disrupt its correct functioning if not safely employed. We propose the creation of a Domain Specific Language (DSL) that, given a generic CPS, 1) verifies if its real- time scheduling is guaranteed, even in the presence of coupled monitors, and 2) implements several verification conditions for the correct-by-construction generation of monitoring architectures. To achieve it, we plan to perform statical verifications, derived from the available literature on schedulability analysis, and powered by a set of semi-automatic formal verification tools.

关键词： Runtime Tools Cyber-physical systems Safety DSL Proposals Monitoring

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A Novel Framework of Horizontal-Vertical Hybrid Federated Learning for EdgeIoT

IEEE Networking Letters

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IEEE Networking Letters 2025年

作者： Li, Kai Liang, Yilei Yuan, Xin Ni, Wei Crowcroft, Jon Yuen, Chau Akan, Ozgur B. Group Department of Engineering University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0FA United Kingdom Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems Research Centre CISTER Porto4249-015 Portugal The Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0FA United Kingdom Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO SydneyNSW2122 Australia The School of Computing Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Australia Nanyang Technological University SG 639798 Singapore Group Division of Electrical Engineering Department of Engineering University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0FA United Kingdom The Center for neXt-generation Communications CXC Koç University Istanbul34450 Turkey

This letter puts forth a new hybrid horizontal-vertical federated learning (HoVeFL) for mobile edge computing-enabled Internet of Things (EdgeIoT). In this framework, certain EdgeIoT devices train local models using the same data samples but analyze disparate data features, while the others focus on the same features using non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data samples. Thus, even though the data features are consistent, the data samples vary across devices. The proposed HoVeFL formulates the training of local and global models to minimize the global loss function. Performance evaluations on CIFAR-10 and SVHN datasets reveal that the testing loss of HoVeFL with 12 horizontal FL devices and six vertical FL devices is 5.5% and 25.2% higher, respectively, compared to a setup with six horizontal FL devices and 12 vertical FL devices. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Artificial Intelligence for Wireless Communications: The InSecTT perspective

IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society 2025年 6卷 802-819页

作者： Robles, Ramiro Samano Javanmardi, Gowhar Pilz, Christoph Kwapisiewicz, Przemyslaw Rzymowski, Mateusz Kulas, Lukasz Davoli, Luca Belli, Laura Ferrari, Gianluigi Wenning, Bernd-Ludwig Gonca, Bugra Prasad, R. Venkatesha Simha, Ashutosh Kiviranta, Markku Moilanen, Ilkka Robinson, Sean Cirill, Gennaro Soyturk, Mujdat Bostanci, Yavuz Selim Hormann, Leander B. Research Centre in Real-time and Embedded Computing Systems Porto Portugal University of Porto Faculty of Engineering Portugal Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH Graz Austria Gdansk University of Technology Poland Lab Department of Engineering and Architecture Parma Italy Rome Italy Munster Technological University Cork Ireland NuRD Innovation Center Turkey Technical University of Delft Netherlands VTT Research Corporation Finland F-Secure Corporation Finland Marmara University Istanbul Turkey 1Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH Linz Austria

This paper presents an overview of how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and edge technology have been used to improve wireless connectivity in multiple industrial Use Cases (UCs) of the EU project "Intelligent Secure Trustable Things"(InSecTT). We present a brief introduction of the InSecTT framework for crossdomain architecture design, which targets UCs assisted by reusable and-or interoperable technical Building Blocks (BBs). These BBs constitute the construction bricks containing AI and supporting components that were used to build different UCs. The framework consists of multiple stages based on the processing of UC-BB requirements (RQs). These stages include: i) collection, ii) harmonization, iii) refinement, iv) classification, v) architecture alignment, and vi) functionality modeling of RQs. The most relevant results of these stages are discussed here, with emphasis on the need for a refined granularity of technical components with common functionalities named sub-building blocks (SBBs), where collaboration and cross-domain reusability were optimized. The design process shed light on how AI and SBBs were implemented across different layers and entities of our reference architecture for the Internet-of-Things (IoT), including the interfaces used for information exchange. This detailed interface analysis is expected to reveal issues such as bottlenecks, constraints, vulnerabilities, scalability problems, security threats, etc. This will, in turn, contribute to identifying design gaps in AI-enabled IoT systems. The paper summarizes the SBBs related to wireless connectivity, including a general description, implementation issues, comparison of results, adopted interfaces, and conclusions across domains. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Reusability

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MAC-PRY cross-layer design for secure wireless avionics intra-communications 8

MAC-PRY cross-layer design for secure wireless avionics intr...

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8th International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies, EST 2019

作者： Samano-Robles, Ramiro Research Centre in Real-time and Embedded Computing Systems Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781728155463

This paper presents a framework for medium access control (MAC) and physical (PRY) cross-layer security design of wireless avionics intra-communications (WAICs). The paper explores the different options based on the latest results of MAC-PRY cross-layer design and the available standard technologies for WAICs. Particular emphasis is given to solutions based on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and recent developments towards a wireless technology with ultra-low latency and high reliability in the context of 5G and machine-type traffic support. One major objective is to improve WAICs technology and thus match the real-time, reliability and safety critical performance of the internal aeronautics bus technologies (e.g., ARINC 664). The main identified vulnerabilities and potential solutions are explored, as well as their impact on system design complexity and feasibility for wireless networks on-board aircraft. The solutions are presented in the context of the European project SCOTT (secure connected trustable things) using the recently released reference architecture for trusted IoT systems. Other aspects of SCOTT such as trust, privacy, security classes, and safety are also discussed here for the aeronautics domain. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Medium access control

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Special Issue on Nanopackaging: Part II

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IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019年第1期13卷 3-3页

作者： Yeow, John T. W. Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems Research Centre (CISTER) Porto Portugal

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.

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