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Comprehensive Evaluation of Geological and engineering Sweet Spots of Shale Gas reservoir: A Case Study of the Luzhou Block, Sichuan Basin

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第11期12卷 1021-1039页

作者： Yuan Wang Jianfa Wu Li Fu Haoyong Huang Gang Chen Cheng Chang CNPC Engineering Technology R & D Company Limited Beijing China Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company of CNPC Chengdu China

There is a huge amount of marine shale gas resources in the southern Sichuan Basin in China, and most of the resources are at the buried depth of 3500 - 4500 meters. At present, deep shale gas is in the early stage of exploration and development. In order to achieve large-scale efficient development, in addition to optimizing favorable blocks, it is also to identify the optimal target in the vertical direction combine geology, drilling, and fracturing. Therefore, Taking the Longmaxi formation shale in the Luzhou block as the research object, based on drilling, logging, and core experiment data, through single well and 3d geomechanical modeling methods, analyze the characteristics of organic matter abundance, porosity, pore pressure, collapse pressure, mineral composition and in-situ stress of different layers of shale in Longmaxi formation. Systematically summarized the main controlling factors of the “sweet spot” of deep shale gas and establish the comprehensive evaluation system of deep shale gas “sweet spots”, to clarify the optimal “sweet spots” of geology, drilling, and fracturing in the Longmaxi reservoir. results show that the total organic carbon content, porosity, and gas saturation of the long111 layer are higher than other layers. The Long111 layer has a low collapse pressure and a high compressive strength, the risk of wellbore instability is relatively low. The stress difference coefficient of All layers is less than 0.3, and the brittleness index of the Long111 layer is 62.35%. A complex fracture network is easier to form after fracturing. The conclusion shows that the Long111 layer is the optimal reservoir section of the Longmaxi Formation. Ensure the drilled rate of the Long111 layer and maximize the length of the horizontal section can obtain higher production.

关键词： deep Shale Gas Geological Sweet Spots engineering Sweet Spots Geomechanical Modeling

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Field Test of Lithium Extraction in Oilfield Associated Water: A Case Study of YQ Treatment Station

Field Test of Lithium Extraction in Oilfield Associated Wate...

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2024 Abu dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, AdIPEC 2024

作者： Miao, Xinyue Wen, Zhang ren, Yongcang Wang, Min Wang, Kelin Zhao, Zhiyong Liu, Zhiming Han, Guoqiang Ma, rui Chen, Xin Zhang, Lei deng, Qianxing Tarim Oilfield Company CNPC Xinjiang Province Korla City China Engineering Research Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang Province Korla City China R&D Center for Ultra Deep Complex Reservior Exploration and Development CNPC Xinjiang Province Korla City China Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Province Chengdu City China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-deep Oil and Gas Xinjiang Province Korla City China Shanghai Huiliyuan Technology Co. Ltd. Shanghai City China BGP CNPC Hebei Province China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025498

The oilfield associated water is complex in composition and poses significant hazards, necessitating treatment to prevent environmental pollution. Taking the Yingqian Treatment Station as an example, it processes approximately 2,400m3 of water daily. Sampling and testing revealed that the total hardness of the water exceeds 20,000mg/L, with a Mg2+ concentration of about 1,200mg/L. Most importantly, the Li+ concentration reached 150mg/L, meeting the requirements for economic development (≥50mg/L). Consequently, related research and experiments were promptly initiated. Owing to the associated water's high total hardness and low lithium content, which significantly differ from saturated brine, traditional lithium extraction techniques cannot be directly applied. In response, research has identified that manganese-based adsorbents offer the advantage of high adsorption capacity, but require concentrated acid for desorption. Conversely, bipolar membrane electrodialysis has the merit of producing lithium products with high purity;however, the byproduct concentrated acid is a hazardous chemical that necessitates proper disposal. Consequently, a combined technological approach has been proposed to leverage the strengths of both methods. The lithium extraction experiment from oil-gas field associated water at the YQ Treatment Station in China was conducted from May to June 2023, successfully producing 2.05kg of monohydrate lithium hydroxide from 116m3 of associated water. However, the experiment encountered numerous issues. For instance, the LiCl solution after a single desorption with HCl failed to meet the feed concentration requirements for subsequent processes. After extensive argumentation, the solution was adjusted by using a mixture of LiCl and HCl from the first desorption to replace HCl as the desorbent, and adjusting the desorption process from one stage to two, thereby increasing the LiCl concentration. The daily production of associated water in blocks such as Yi

关键词： Gas industry

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Application Practice of Low-Cost and Environmentally-Friendly Water-Based drilling Fluid technology in Continental Shale Gas Wells 12th

Application Practice of Low-Cost and Environmentally-Friendl...

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12th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEdC 2022

作者： Zhang, Wen-Zhe Sun, Jin-Sheng Shen, Feng Li, Wei Wang, Bo Luo, Hong-Fang Li, Cheng Shandong Qingdao266580 China Co. Ltd Shannxi Xi’an710075 China CNPC Engineering Technology R & D Co. Ltd Beijing102206 China Yan’an Vocational and Technical College Shaanxi Yan’an716000 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819919635

Yanchang Terrestrial shale gas resources is abundant, as "Yan'an National Terrestrial Shale Gas demonstration Zone" has been built. The geological conditions of the reservoir are complicated. In the horizontal well drilling, complex accidents such as well collapse and stuck drilling often occur. In order to maintain the stability of the well wall, oil-based drilling fluid is habitual used, while the oil-based drilling fluid is exposed to environmental protection and high cost. A new water-based drilling fluid system HPW was developed, which uses self-developed nanometer-scale pore sealing evaluation method to develop core treatment agents such as strong plugging agent YFd-1, high-efficiency cutting agent GTQ and organic molybdenum extreme pressure lubricant JM-1. The drilling fluid is guaranteed to have low viscosity and high shear, the dynamic plastic ratio is 0.56, the dynamic shear force is maintained above 10 Pa, the average extreme pressure lubrication coefficient is 0.0623, the density is adjustable from 1.17 to 1.40 g/cm3 when the performance remains stable, effectively solving the page, which effectively solves the problem that the wellbore is unstable, the debris is difficult to carry and the friction of the wellbore is large in the long horizontal section of the shale. The technical achievements completed the drilling of 10 horizontal wells in the Ordos Basin, and successfully replaced the oil-based drilling fluid in the "Yan’an National Terrestrial Shale Gas demonstration Zone". during the construction process, there were no complicated situations such as collapse and blockage, and other complications. The drilling fluid loss is 2.0-2.8 mL, the average diameter expansion rate isâ€‰≤â€‰8%, and the drilling cycle is reduced by 12 days. The well YYP-3 in the construction well has a high-yield industrial gas flow of 53,000 square meters per day. The cost is only 40% of the oil-based drilling fluid, while the environmental protection treatment is simple in the

关键词： Gases

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Understanding and research on the drilling fluid technology for shale gas horizontal wells in south Sichuan, China

Understanding and research on the drilling fluid technology ...

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International Petroleum technology Conference 2020, IPTC 2020

作者： Yan, Lili Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Jiaqi Cheng, rongchao Yang, Haijun Yang, Haowei CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613996751

recently, shale gas resource has been developed beneficially on a large scale in China. More than 400 shale gas horizontal wells have been drilled in south Sichuan since 2014. However, with the increasing buried depth of target stratum and the extension of horizontal intervals of shale-gas horizontal wells, the development of Chinese shale gas is becoming more and more difficult. Over the past four years, some wellbore instability related issues–stuck pipe and rotary steering system fish downhole occured during drilling the shale gas wells. The reason is particularly analyzed based on the drilling performance data of these horizontal wells, which will offer the establishment of general practice guidelines and recognition of opportunities for improvement in south Sichuan shale drilling. Oil-based drilling fluid (OBM) is a typical drilling fluid type currently used in the south Sichuan shale play. However, water-based mud (WBM) has also been used in more than 60 wells since 2015. It is analyzed the drilling performances of over four hundred horizontal south Sichuan shale wells drilled by 14 operators from 2014 to 2018, including overall drilling days, well depth, lateral length, as well as fish rotary steering systems. A comparative analysis is also made among different drilling fluid types of different operators to assess their performances and to identify the key challenges when drilling south Sichuan shale. The analyses contained formation characteristics, mud chemistry, mud rheological property, plugging property, solid content, stability, density and chloride and so on. Then, lots of experiments are carried out to solve the problems of borehole stability and hole cleaning. The analysis shows that the drilled well depth and the horizontal length are getting bigger and bigger. The overall performance of WBMs lags behind that of OBMs in south Sichuan shale drilling. Most fish rSS happened when the operations of back reaming, pick up stands and trip-out were carried

关键词： Horizontal wells

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Investigation of Acoustic Properties in Casing for Water-Filled Wells Pipe 24

Investigation of Acoustic Properties in Casing for Water-Fil...

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4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication technology, SPCT 2024

作者： Qu, Congfeng Liu, Binhui Guo, Xinchao Hu, Yuannong Chen, Jiandong Lin, Shengbo Wang, Zhongmiin China National Petroleum Corporation Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China Hangzhou Applied Acoustic Research Institute Zhejiang Hangzhou China Jilin University Jilin Changchun China Institute of Automation Qilu University of Technology Shandong Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710636

To enable long-distance communication within water injection well tubes, we leverage hydroacoustic communication technology for the required research. This study presents a theoretical analysis and experimental measurements of transmission attenuation in a steel pipe with a 110 mm diameter and 110 m length, fully filled with water. Based on the findings, it is recommended that acoustic signals be transmitted at frequencies no lower than 4346 Hz. Hydroacoustic signals were measured across frequency ranges of 2 kHz to 13 kHz and 4 kHz to 13 kHz, revealing average attenuation rates of 14 dB and 19 dB per 100 m, respectively. These values are lower than the geometric propagation attenuation observed in free space. As the frequency increases, attenuation also increases, in alignment with both theoretical predictions and empirical observations. The experimental results further demonstrate that the attenuation pattern in the frequency domain follows a logarithmic trend within the well pipe. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Injection (oil wells)

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Output Controllability Analysis of the Affine Nonlinear Systems

Output Controllability Analysis of the Affine Nonlinear Syst...

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Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC)

作者： Xia Xie Sixun Liu Qi Yuan Zhuo Wang CNPC Engineering Technology R & D Company Limited Beijing China School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering Beihang University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665465373

In this paper, the output controllability of a class of affine nonlinear systems are investigated, which containing a continuous-time and discrete-time cases, respectively. According to these model, the sufficient and necessary criteria of its global output controllability are provided under some basic assumptions. Moreover, the simulation for verifying the validity of these theorems are implemented.

关键词： Automation Controllability Trajectory Nonlinear systems

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A Novel Method to determine the drilling Fluid density for Gypsum-Salt Layer

A Novel Method to Determine the Drilling Fluid Density for G...

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2021 Abu dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, AdIP 2021

作者： Liu, Jitong Li, Wanjun Zhou, Haiqiu Gu, Yixin Jiang, Fuhua Zhang, Guobin Zhou, Shiying Liu, Haixiao Liao, Chao Wang, Shengqiang Zhou, Zhifeng CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China National Offshore Oil Corporation China Xibu Drilling Directional Well Co. Ltd

ISBN: (纸本)9781613998342

The reservoir underneath the salt bed usually has high formation pressure and large production rate. However, downhole complexities such as wellbore shrinkage, stuck pipe, casing deformation and brine crystallization prone to occur in the drilling and completion of the salt bed. The drilling safety is affected and may lead to the failure of drilling to the target reservoir. The drilling fluid density is the key factor to maintain the salt bed's wellbore stability. The in-situ stress of the composite salt bed (gypsum-salt -gypsum-salt-gypsum) is usually uneven distributed. Creep deformation and wellbore shrinkage affect each other within layers. The wellbore stability is difficult to maintain. Limited theorical reference existed for drilling fluid density selection to mitigate the borehole shrinkage in the composite gypsum-salt layers. This paper established a composite gypsum-salt model based on the rock mechanism and experiments, and a safe-drilling density selection layout is formed to solve the borehole shrinkage problem. This study provides fundamental basis for drilling fluid density selection for gypsum-salt layers. The experiment results show that, with the same drilling fluid density, the borehole shrinkage rate of the minimum horizontal in-situ stress azimuth is higher than that of the maximum horizontal in-situ stress azimuth. However, the borehole shrinkage rate of the gypsum layer is higher than salt layer. The hydration expansion of the gypsum is the dominant reason for the shrinkage of the composite salt-gypsum layer. In order to mitigate the borehole diameter reduction, the drilling fluid density is determined that can lower the creep rate less than 0.001, as a result, the borehole shrinkage of salt-gypsum layer is slowed. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the salinity, filter loss and plugging ability of the drilling fluid to inhibit the creep of the soft shale formation. The research results provide technical support for the safe drilling

关键词： Boreholes

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Investigating the Effect of Geological and engineering Parameters on the Fracture Height Growth in Naturally-Layered Shale reservoirs Using 3d Lattice Method

Investigating the Effect of Geological and Engineering Param...

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2023 Abu dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, AdIP 2023

作者： He, rui Zheng, Youcheng Chen, Weihua Lv, Zefei Zeng, Ji Yan, Jie Wang, Tao Wang, Yang Cao, Aiwu Engineering Technology Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company Sichuan Chengdu China PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company Sichuan Chengdu China Hydro-China Itasca R&D Center Zhejiang Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025078

Numerical investigation of the influence of different parameters on hydraulic fracture propagation is fundamental to guide the fracturing parameters optimization of naturally-layered shale reservoir. The shale reservoir contains a large number of bedding planes with lower strength, which have a great effect on the vertical growth of hydraulic fractures. It is believed that the interaction between hydraulic fractures (HF) and bedding planes (BP) has a significant impact on the fracture geometry. In this paper, we used 3d lattice method to establish the hydraulic fracture modelling with multiple horizontal bedding planes, and this model can consider fluid-mechanical coupling effect and the fluid flow in permeable bedding plane. Based on the model, a sensitivity analysis of the key influencing parameters such as vertical stress, cohesion of bedding plane, permeability of bedding plane, injection rate, and fracturing fluid viscosity on the fracture height growth is implemented. The fracture penetration coefficient and the area coefficient of vertical propagation are introduced to evaluate the penetrating ability, and the degree of influence of each factor on the penetrating ability is analyzed and ranked using grey relational analysis (GrA). The simulation results show that the hydraulic fracture tends to penetrate bedding planes under the condition of high vertical stress, high cohesion of bedding plane, low permeability of bedding plane, high injection rate, and high fracturing fluid viscosity. due to the existence of bedding planes, the morphology of hydraulic fracture is more complex, and the fracture shape presents several forms, typically including "I", "工", and "キ" shape. When the fracture penetration coefficient and the area coefficient of vertical propagation are higher, it is more likely that the hydraulic fracture penetrates the bedding plane directly. Otherwise, it will be arrested and turn to propagate along the bedding planes. Compared with other factors,

关键词： Shale

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Interpretable Metric Learning: A Weight distribution Optimization Perspective 11th

Interpretable Metric Learning: A Weight Distribution Optimiz...

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11th International Conference on Applications and Techniques in Cyber Intelligence, ATCI 2023

作者： Miao, Xinyue Xu, Le Wen, Zhang Zhang, Lei Wei, Zhiqiang Wu, Changtao Shang, Zhengkai Wang, Kelin deng, Qianxing Wei, Fuyuan Liu, Liyan R&D Center for Ultra Deep Complex Reservior Exploration and Development CNPC Xinjiang841000 China Network and Information Center Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Province Chengdu610500 China Tarim Oilfield Branch Company Petrochina Xinjiang841000 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China

Metric learning aims to reduce intra-class distance and expand inter-class distance. This paper proposes a distribution optimization algorithm that incorporates interpretable feature engineering (dOIFE). dOIFE explores the local interpretability of each instance, reconstructs the feature space of the training set with reverse weighting, and optimizes the feature space of the target domain to address metric issues. Our approach innovatively derives interpretability weights from the classifier's perspective and applies fine-grained weighting to the instances to optimize the spatial metric. For any classifier, we conduct local interpretability analysis on its results to obtain fine-grained sample weights. In the training space, we designed an interpretable feature engineering method to expand inter-class distance and reduce intra-class distance. For the test space, we developed a unified method that combines ensemble inference and distance metrics to optimize feature distribution. We conducted experiments on classical balanced datasets, long-tail datasets, and image datasets. Comparative experiments with nine distance metric learning algorithms demonstrated the superiority of our algorithm. Statistical tests show that our algorithm can be applied to various classification models, improve classification performance, and offer a certain level of interpretability. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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research and application of supramolecular gel plugging agent in abnormal pressure reservoir 10

Research and application of supramolecular gel plugging agen...

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10th Global Conference on Materials Science and engineering, CMSE 2021

作者： Baletabieke, B. Gu, Y.X. Zhou, T. duan, d.X. Liu, J.T. Kong, X.J. Qian, F. Li, W.J. Zhong, Z. Xiang, Y. Jing, N. Li, J.Y. CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206 China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation Beijing100034 China

The Aktobe project is the largest oil and gas producing area of PetroChina in Central Asia. However, after years of exploitation, the pressure of the reservoir has dropped, making it difficult to increase the production of a single well. Both the Kenkyak block and North Troyes block of the project have induced fractured leakage, and frequent leakage affects safe and efficient drilling and completion operations and production. Therefore, the research on leakage prevention and control technology is very necessary. This article focuses on the characteristics of the cracks in the high-pressure area of the Kenkyak block and the cracks in the low-pressure area of the North Troyes block. Aiming at the fracture characteristics of the high-pressure zone in the Kenkyak block and the low-pressure zone in North Troyes block, and taking advantage of the synergistic effect of supramolecules, a supramolecular plugging-while-drilling agent was developed based on the deformable fiber composite gel. It forms a strong adhesion plugging layer on the inner wall of the leakage channel through the strong adhesion force, and it achieves a good plugging effect. The 300-500md sand disc bearing pressure could reach 700psi when adding 3% agent, and the bearing pressure of 3-5d permeability sand disc could reach above 450psi. A supramolecular static plugging agent was also developed based on the dilatant gel. It is rich in strong shear reversible gel with supramolecular structure, which guarantees its pumpability and plugging performance. The effective rate of one-time plugging is over 80%, and the viscosity is greatly reduced after the gel is broken for 72hr, which benefits the reservoir protection. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adhesion

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