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Evaluation of dynamic inter-well connectivity by using the state-variable-capacitance model

Petroleum Science 2025年

作者： Li-Wen Guo Shi-Yuan Qu Yuan-Yuan Lei Zhi-Hong Kang Shuo-Liang Wang School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing 100083 China

during oilfield development, a comprehensive model for assessing inter-well connectivity and connected volume within reservoirs is crucial. Traditional capacitance (TC) models, widely used in inter-well data analysis, face challenges when dealing with rapidly changing reservoir conditions over time. Additionally, TC models struggle with complex, random noise primarily caused by measurement errors in production and injection rates. To address these challenges, this study introduces a dynamic capacitance model (SV-dC) based on state variables. By integrating the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, the SV-dC model provides more flexible predictions of inter-well connectivity and time-lag efficiency compared to the TC model. The robustness of the SV-dC model is verified by comparing relative errors between preset and calculated values through Monte Carlo simulations. Sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the model performance with the benchmark, using the Qinhuangdao Oilfield as a case study. The results show that the SV-dC model accurately predicts water breakthrough times. Increases in the liquid production index and water cut in two typical wells indicate the development time of ineffective circulation channels, further confirming the accuracy and reliability of the model. The SV-dC model offers significant advantages in addressing complex, dynamic oilfield production scenarios and serves as a valuable tool for the efficient and precise planning and management of future oilfield developments.

关键词： Capacitance model Inter-well connectivity Time-lag coefficient Connected volume reservoir simulation

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Properties,combustion behavior,and kinetic triplets of coke produced by low-temperature oxidation and pyrolysis:Implications for heavy oil in-situ combustion

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Petroleum Science 2021年第5期18卷 1483-1491页

作者： Shuai Zhao Wan-Fen Pu Lei Su Ce Shang Yang Song Wei Li Hui-Zhuo He Yi-Gang Liu Zhe-Zhi Liu State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China Post-Doctorate R&D Base Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China E&D Research Institute of Liaohe Oilfield CNPC PanjinLiaoning124000China School of Oil and Gas Engineering Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China

This work aimed at investigating the crucial factor in building and maintaining the combustion front during in-situ combustion(ISC),oxidized coke and pyrolyzed *** surface morphologies,elemental contents,and non-isothermal mass losses of the oxidized and pyrolyzed cokes were thoroughly *** results indicated that the oxidized coke could be combusted at a lower temperature compared to the pyrolyzed coke due primarily to their differences in the molecular polarity and *** triplets of coke combustion were determined using iso-conversional models and one advanced integral master plots *** activation energy values of the oxidized and pyrolyzed cokes varied in the range of 130-153 k J/mol and 95-120 kJ/mol,*** most appropriate reaction model of combustion of the oxidized and pyrolyzed cokes followed three-dimensional diffusion model(d_(3)) and random nucleation and subsequent growth model(F_(1)),*** observations assisted in building the numerical model of these two types of cokes to simulate the ISC process.

关键词： Oxidized coke Pyrolyzed coke Heavy oil In-situ combustion Kinetic triplets

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Understanding hydraulic fracture propagation behavior in tight sandstone–coal interbedded formations: an experimentalinvestigation

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Petroleum Science 2019年第1期16卷 148-160页

作者： Peng Tan Yan Jin Liang Yuan Zhen-Yu Xiong Bing Hou Mian Chen Li-Ming Wan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited SINOPEC Shanghai O shore Oil & Gas Company

Whether hydraulic fractures could connect multiple gas zones in the vertical plane is the key to fracturing treatment to jointly exploit coalbed methane and tight sandstone gas through integrative hydraulic fracturing in tight sandstone–coal interbedded formations. Laboratory true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted on layered specimens with di erent combination types of natural sandstone and coal to simulate the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures. The effects of the fracture initiation position, fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate were discussed. The results showed that di erent fracture morphologies could be found. When initiating from coal seams, three patterns of fracture initiation and propagation were obtained:(1) The main hydraulic fracture initiated and propagated along the natural fractures and then diverged due to the effects of in situ stress and formed secondary fractures.(2) The hydraulic fracture initiated and propagated in the direction of the maximum horizontal stress.(3) Multiple fractures initiated and propagated at the same time. With the same fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate, the hydraulic fractures initiating in sandstones had greater chances than those in coal seams to penetrate interfaces and enter neighboring layers. Excessively small or large fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate would do harm to the vertical extension height of the induced fracture and improvement of the stimulated reservoir volume. Compared with operation parameters(fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate), the natural weak planes in coals were considered to be the key factor that a ected the fracture propagation path. The experimental results would make some contributions to the development of tight sandstone–coal interbedded reservoirs.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Fracture propagation Sandstone-coal interbed Layered formation

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Prediction of indoor radio propagation using deep neural network

Prediction of indoor radio propagation using deep neural net...

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Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

作者： Takayuki Nakanishi Kenya Shimizu Kenzaburo Hitomi Yasuhiro Nishioka Yoshio Inasawa Information Technology R&D Center Mitsubishi Electric Corparation Kamakura-shi Kanagawa Japan Mitsubishi Electric Engineering Company Limited Kamakura-shi Kanagawa Japan

radio propagation prediction is important for improving the stability and reliability of wireless communication systems. However, propagation loss prediction models by multiple regression based on measured data have problems in setting appropriate parameters and function types. This paper evaluates a radio propagation model that applies machine learning for indoor environments. The proposed neural network has the input parameters of the environmental characteristics such as floor area, ceiling height, and materials, and a dropout layer that disables the network units randomly is inserted to improve generalization performance. The rMSE (root mean squared error) by the proposed model is less than 5 dB for both training and test data and the proposed model can predict the indoor propagation more accurately than conventional models.

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dynamic Bubble Tracking in Fluidized Beds Via Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography

SSRN

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SSrN 2023年

作者： Watson, Brigham Lindmüller, Lennard Heinrich, Stefan Theuerkauf, Jörg Yao, Yuan Fan, Yi Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology Denickestraße 15 Hamburg21073 Germany Engineering and Process Science Core R&D The Dow Chemical Company Lake JacksonTX United States

This work sets forth the development of a novel, dynamic bubble detection algorithm for use with electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) sensors for bubbling fluidized beds. Starting with an in-depth review of existing bubble detection methods, the novel phase detection method was developed to address the shortcomings of the other published methods by more fully utilizing the three-dimensional capability of the sensors. After the sensor parameters were optimized to verify capability of bubble detection, measurements were made with glass beads and quartz sand. A range of air velocities in a 10 cm diameter bubbling fluidized bed were used. The results largely agree with the fundamentals of bubbling fluidization and results from publications with similar experimental setups. Within each measurement the bubble dimensions, velocities and frequencies over the axial and radial position could be evaluated. due to the three-dimensional nature of the novel bubble detection technique, insight into the directional tendencies of detected bubbles was gained. For example, bubble migration toward the radial center of the bed, radial and axial bubble coalescence, and splitting are more evident from the trends that are producible with this method. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fluidized beds

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Performance Analysis of the Modified Flux-Coupling-Type SFCL in VSC-HVdC System

Performance Analysis of the Modified Flux-Coupling-Type SFCL...

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Iranian Conference on Electrical engineering (ICEE)

作者： Mohammad Khakroei Ashkan Mirzaei rajeooni Mahdi rahimi Pirbasti Hossein Heydari MAPNA Electric & Control Engineering & Manufacturing Company (MECO) Alborz Iran Department of Engineering and R&D MAPNA Generator Engineering and Manufacturing Company (PARS) Alborz Iran Department of Electrical Engineering (Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation) Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Tehran Iran

Although Voltage Source Converters based on HVdC (VSC-HVdC) systems have several advantages, they are vulnerable to dC fault currents. Concerning the inherent characteristics of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) material, using HTS in the fault current limiter could be a solution to limit the current in VSC-HVdC. The present paper seeks to provide an elaborately better solution to the problem mentioned above of the fault currents than what has previously been proposed. The object of this research is a modified flux coupling type superconductor fault current limiter (MFC-SFCL) to attenuate the fault current in VSC-HVdC network. The principle mechanism and operation of the SFCL and VSC-HVdC systems are modeled in detail, involving interplay or synergy between electrical and thermal properties. The simulation results demonstrate that the purposed MFC-SFCL has the proper function to mitigate the fault current.

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Numerical study on stress wave and viscosity dominated dynamic fracture in granular material 27

Numerical study on stress wave and viscosity dominated dynam...

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27th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2021

作者： dong, Jingnan Wang, Xiangyang Zhao, Zhigang Zhu, Feifei Liu, Yifan Qiao, Lei CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206 China China National Petroleum Corporation Jilin Oilfield Songyuan Gas Production Plant China Equipment Monitoring Center Zhongyuan Oil Field Branch Sinopec Sinopec Star Henan New Energy Development Co. Ltd

ISBN: (纸本)9788378807995

Wave propagation plays an important role in the propagation of dynamic fracture. Inertia force, rate-dependent behaviour, and stress waves are three primary features present in the dynamic fracture. In this studied, the viscosity behaviour and reflected stress waves in the dynamic crack of granular material are investigated using particle flow code. A series of dynamic fracture simulations are performed based on a double cantilever beam configuration. Energy transition, crack growth length, and crack velocity during the dynamic crack propagation are investigated. results show that under certain circumstances, the crack propagates in a jumping manner in dCB specimen as the reflected stress waves reinitiate and accelerate the crack several times. However, the reflected stress waves only trigger the re-initiation. Most of the driving force comes from the bond break of the contacts. The viscosity damping force significantly reduces the crack velocity. The maximum crack velocity in the viscosity-free system is as high as 0.96 times the rayleigh wave speed. Whereas under the same normalized initial input energy, the maximum crack velocity in the critically damped system is only half the maximum crack velocity in the viscosity-free system. Most of the viscosity energy is dissipated in the vicinity of the running crack. The stress wave propagation in the relatively far field only dissipates a very small amount of the total energy compared to the energy dissipated in the vicinity of the crack during propagation. The surface energy has a positive correlation with the crack velocity, which is significantly reduced by viscosity damping force. The simulation provides a better understanding of the stress wave and viscosity dominated dynamic crack propagation of granular material. © "Advances in Acoustics, Noise and Vibration - 2021" Proceedings of the 27th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Viscosity

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Investigation of hydraulic fracture propagation in conglomerate reservoirs using discrete element method

Investigation of hydraulic fracture propagation in conglomer...

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ArMA-CUPB Geothermal International Conference 2019

作者： Shentu, Junjie Lin, Botao dong, Jingnan Yu, Huiyong Shi, Shanzhi Ma, Junxiu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting and College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China PetrolChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Engineering Technology Research Institute Karamay834000 China

Hydraulic fracturing has been widely used in the development of conglomerate reservoirs in the Karamay oilfield Xinjiang, China. Understanding the influences of large and irregular conglomerate particles on the fracture propagation behavior is crucial for the fracturing design of reservoirs of this type. This study numerically captured the associated fracturing process and thoroughly analyzed the impact of conglomerate particles by adopting the discrete element method. The simulation results indicated that the existence of conglomerate particles conspicuously increase the breakdown pressure of the conglomerate formations. Several scenarios were designed to investigate the influence of content and strength of conglomerate particles, respectively. It was found the fitting relationship was nonlinear between breakdown pressure and particle content and was linear between breakdown pressure and particle strength. Conglomerate particles affected fracture behavior in two patterns, namely penetration and circumvention. However, under certain in-situ stress condition, the conglomerate particles had negligible impact on the principal direction of fracture propagation. The simulation results are advantageous to instruct the field fracturing operations, such as the selection of hydraulic fracturing site and injection parameters. Copyright © ArMA-CUPB Geothermal International Conference *** rights reserved.

关键词： Fracture

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In-situ proppant: Beads, microproppant, and channelized-proppant

In-situ proppant: Beads, microproppant, and channelized-prop...

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Abu dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference 2019, AdIP 2019

作者： Huang, Jiangshui Gong, Wei Lin, Lijun Yin, Congbin Liu, Fuchen Zhou, Han Bai, Litao Song, Lulu Yang, Zhengzhou CNPC USA United States CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Ltd China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613996720

Tight oil reservoirs need stimulation in order to produce the trapped oil. The most common form of stimulation used by the oil and gas industry is hydraulic fracturing. Fracturing operations tend to create fractures including primary fractures and microfractures. The objective of this study is to develop a fracturing fluid which can be converted into microproppant, beads, and channelized-proppant as desired in-situ during a fracturing operation to enhance the hydraulic conductivity of the microfractures and the primary fractures, and simplify the hydraulic fracturing operation, where the channelized-proppant is defined as the pillars surrounded by channels. resin, curing agents, surfactants, and aqueous phase were mixed together to form O/W emulsion to serve as fracturing fluid. After curing process, resin and curing agent would react and form proppant in-situ. The parameters affect the proppant formation such as the curing temperatures, pressure, mixing strength, surfactant concentration, and size control additives were all studied and thus through controlling the parameters, microproppant, beads, and channelized-proppant can form in-situ as desired. The particle size distribution, sphericity, roundness, conductivity, acid solubility, and crush strength were tested. Through controlling the experimental parameters and adding size control additives, fracturing fluid can be converted into microproppant, beads, and channelized-proppant as desired at a temperature from 30° C to 90° C. Almost 100% of the resin and the curing agents were converted into proppant with a specific density of 1.09g/ml. For the beads, both the sphericity and roundness are over 0.9, less than 2% fines were generated after being loaded to 15 kpsi, the acid solubility is 2.37%, and the conductivity of the beads of 20/40 mesh tested with proppant loading of 1 lb/ft2 at 4000 psi at room temperature was 227 md-ft. For the microproppant, both the sphericity and roundness are close to 1 with d50 about

关键词： Particle size

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A method to experimentally investigate injection-induced activation of fractures

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2020年第6期12卷 1326-1332页

作者： Changdong ding Yang Zhang Qi Teng dawei Hu Hui Zhou Jianfu Shao Chuanqing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla841000China University of Lille LaMcubeCNRS FRE 201659000LilleFrance

Natural fractures are generally well developed in most hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs,which can produce complex fracture networks due to the activation of fractures during hydraulic *** present paper is devoted to developing a method to investigate the activation characteristics of fracture under injection-shearing coupled condition at laboratory *** fluid is injected into the single-fractured granite until the fracture is activated based on the triaxial direct shear *** results show that injection process can significantly influence the shear stress distribution field,resulting in release of shear stress and relative slip between the opposite sides of the fractured *** injectioninduced activation of fracture is strongly dependent on the stress *** the normal stress increases,the injection-induced activation pressure increases,and the comparatively high normal stress can restrain the fracture *** fracture deformation mechanisms during fluid injection are also discussed preliminarily with the experimental *** sensitivity of shear stress to fluid injection increases with increase of shear stress level,while it decreases under high normal *** results can facilitate our understanding of the natural fracture activation behavior during fluid pressure stimulation.

关键词： Natural fracture Fluid injection Induced activation Triaxial direct shear test Hydraulic fracturing

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