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A novel critical velocity model for the incipient motion of non-spherical particles on cuttings bed in extended reach wells

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Particuology 2025年第2期97卷 193-206页

作者： Wei Hu Ning Guan Jinya Zhang Binggui Xu Hongwu Zhu College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

Accurately predicting the minimum velocity required to initiate particles movement on a cuttings bed surface during drilling operations is crucial for efficient and cost-effective removal of deposited ***,current models neglect the influence of particle shape on the drag coefficient and static friction coefficient during rolling and sliding on a cuttings ***,this study developed an experimental setup for cuttings transport and employed both theoretical analysis and experimental methods to investigate the critical velocity for the incipient motion of particles under various operational conditions.A novel semi-mechanical criterion model was developed for the incipient motion of particles,incorporating a shape correction factor for non-spherical particles.A balance equation for the threshold Shields number,determined by particle driving forces and resistances,was established,and a numerical procedure was formulated to determine the critical velocity for the incipient motion of *** model predictions show strong agreement with experimental *** study found that higher eccentricity,inclination,and fluid viscosity increased the difficulty of initiating particle movement on the cuttings bed surface,thus requiring higher annular velocities for effective cuttings ***,increasing particle size facilitated easier removal of the cuttings *** to non-Newtonian fluids,Newtonian fluids proved more effective in cuttings *** findings of this study are significant for optimizing hole cleaning parameters and improving the efficiency of cuttings removal.

关键词： Cuttings transport Critical velocity Predictive model Particle shape effect Experimental study

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Curing kinetics and plugging mechanism of high strength curable resin plugging material

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3446-3463页

作者： Jing-Bin Yang Ying-rui Bai Jin-Sheng Sun Kai-He Lv School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

Lost circulation, a recurring peril during drilling operations, entails substantial loss of drilling fluid and dire consequences upon its infiltration into the formation. As drilling depth escalates, the formation temperature and pressure intensify, imposing exacting demands on plug materials. In this study, a kind of controllable curing resin with dense cross-network structure was prepared by the method of solution stepwise ring-opening polymerization. The resin plugging material investigated in this study is a continuous phase material that offers effortless injection, robust filling capabilities, exceptional retention, and underground curing or crosslinking with high strength. Its versatility is not constrained by fracture-cavity lose channels, making it suitable for fulfilling the essential needs of various fracture-cavity combinations when plugging fracture-cavity carbonate rocks. Notably, the curing duration can be fine-tuned within the span of 3-7 h, catering to the plugging of drilling fluid losing of diverse fracture dimensions. Experimental scrutiny encompassed the rheological properties and curing behavior of the resin plugging system, unraveling the intricacies of the curing process and establishing a cogent kinetic model. The experimental results show that the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging material has a tight chain or network structure. When the concentration of the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system solution remains below 30%, the viscosity clocks in at a meager 10 mPa·s. Optimum curing transpires at 60℃, showcasing impressive resilience to saline conditions. remarkably, when immersed in a composite saltwater environment containing 50000 mg/L NaCl and 100000 mg/L CaCl_(2), the urea-formaldehyde resin consolidates into an even more compact network structure, culminating in an outstanding compressive strength of 41.5 MPa. Through resolving the correlation between conversion and the apparent activation energy of the non-isothermal dSC curing reac

关键词： Urea-formaldehyde resin rheological property Curing property Curing kinetics Plugging mechanism

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Study on Perforation Erosion in Hydraulically Fractured Shale Gas Wells Through downhole Video Imaging and Computational Fluid dynamic Modelling

Study on Perforation Erosion in Hydraulically Fractured Shal...

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2024 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, APOGCE 2024

作者： Yuan, L. Hu, S.L. Mu, L.Y. Wang, d.L. Yang, X.T. CNPC Oilfield Service Company Limited China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025269

The limited-entry technology was a key technology in the multistage fracturing of shale oil and gas horizontal wells to help distribute fracture fluid among multiple perforation clusters evenly. However, perforations could be eroded and enlarged because of high-speed and continuous abrasion by the proppants, resulting in unequal inflow and uneven cracks propagation between perforation clusters, which caused low efficiency of the fracture treatment. Considering that the perforation erosion has not been fully understood yet, special attention should be paid to this aspect of research. In this work, post-fracturing perforations erosion images were collected by the downhole video imaging technology, which was employed to qualitatively analyze the geometrical morphology. Then, the erosion data (perforation diameter & perforation area) at different phases were utilized to quantitatively summarize the perforation erosion & chambering laws. Finally, perforation erosion models were built using computational fluid dynamics (CFd) to simulate the distribution of the flow field when high-speed fracturing fluid with proppants injected perforations, which would help interpret the analysis of the results. Based on above technics, the erosional pattern of perforation would be clearly revealed. One thousand and two perforation erosion images from medium to deep shale gas wells in Sichuan and Chongqing regions demonstrated that post-fracturing perforations appeared in four different geometrical morphology, including round (under-erosion, 10%), droplets (normal-erosion, 52%), near-droplets (over-erosion, 25%) and irregularity (abnormal-erosion,13%). due to the influence of the proppant concentration profile, perforations located near the downside of the horizontal wellbore suffered more severe erosion, for example, the most eroded perforation was near phase 180 degree with an average diameter of 18.4 mm which was 1.8 times larger than that of perforations near phase 0 degree (10.4 mm).

关键词： Proppants

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development and performance evaluation of high temperature resistant strong adsorption rigid blocking agent

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2650-2662页

作者： Zhe Xu Jin-Sheng Sun Jing-Ping Liu Kai-He Lv Xiao-dong dong Zong-Lun Wang Tai-Feng Zhang Yuan-Wei Sun Zhi-Wen dai School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

As drilling wells continue to move into deep ultra-deep layers,the requirements for temperature resistance of drilling fluid treatments are getting higher and *** them,blocking agent,as one of the key treatment agents,has also become a hot spot of *** this study,a high temperature resistant strong adsorption rigid blocking agent(QW-1)was prepared using KH570 modified silica,acrylamide(AM)and allyltrimethylammonium chloride(TMAAC).QW-1 has good thermal stability,average particle size of 1.46μm,water contact angle of 10.5.,has a strong hydrophilicity,can be well dispersed in *** experimental results showed that when 2 wt%QW-1 was added to recipe A(4 wt%bentonite slurry+0.5 wt%dSP-1(filtration loss depressant)),the API filtration loss decreased from 7.8to 6.4 m *** aging at 240.C,the API loss of filtration was reduced from 21 to 14 m L,which has certain performance of high temperature loss of *** the same time,it is effective in sealing 80-100mesh and 100-120 mesh sand beds as well as 3 and 5μm ceramic sand *** the same conditions,the blocking performance was superior to silica(5μm)and calcium carbonate(2.6μm).In addition,the mechanism of action of QW-1 was further *** results show that QW-1 with amide and quaternary ammonium groups on the molecular chain can be adsorbed onto the surface of clay particles through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction to form a dense blocking layer,thus preventing further intrusion of drilling fluid into the formation.

关键词： High adsorption rigid microsphere High temperature resistance Blocking performance

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Numerical Investigation on Energy Loss Characteristics in Irregular Annulus Based on Entropy Production Method

Numerical Investigation on Energy Loss Characteristics in Ir...

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2024 SPE Gas and Oil technology Conference, GOTECH 2024

作者： Zhou, Y.S. Qu, C.F. Jiang, L. Zhang, H.W. Zhang, X.B. Huang, Z. Li, J.P. Zhou, C.Y. Cheng, S.d. Li, Y. CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025405

The actual downhole annulus is irregular, a variable cross-section geometry, due to the difference between the diameter of tool joints or downhole tools and the inner pipes. With the increasing of well depth, inevitable energy loss caused by contraction or expansion geometry is high in irregular annular flow. However, the energy loss generation mechanism for such irregular annulus flow is still unclear. The entropy production theory is considered as an excellent method for energy loss analysis, which is widely used in fluid machinery flow field. Therefore, the main purpose in this work is to reveal the energy loss generation mechanism caused by contraction and expansion geometry in irregular annulus based on entropy production method. In this paper, the spatial distribution of entropy production rate in irregular annular flow was depicted first. Then the inlet velocity and contraction-expansion ratio influence on different entropy production were discussed. Finally, we identified the high entropy production area and its main energy loss sources by quantitative analysis. The results show that 1) The high entropy production was mainly occurred at the entrance, downstream of the variable cross-section structure and near the wall. The proportion of time-average entropy production rate was relatively small and can be ignored. 2) The main energy loss areas were in narrow annulus and downstream of the variable cross-section structure, which the entropy production portion was about 55.8%~62.0% and 23.4%~26.4% separately. The main energy loss were wall and turbulent entropy production in these two areas. 3) The energy loss generated in downstream of the variable cross-section in annulus was more than that in upstream. Copyright © 2024, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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downhole vibration analysis based on near bit measurement data 7

Downhole vibration analysis based on near bit measurement da...

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7th International Conference on downhole Measurement and Control, ICdMC 2024

作者： Pang, Haibo Xu, Zhaohui Fang, Chao Fan, Jinchao Lin, Zili CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China

The efficiency of down-hole drilling has always been a focus of attention in real time drilling field. With the number of deep and ultra deep wells increasing, real time drilling environment has become exceptionally complex, and the decrease of drilling efficiency has always been a difficult problem that troubles drilling field construction. The working status of bits is closely related to factors such as drilling parameters, drilling encountered lithology, and drilling tool wear. However, due to the limited working conditions underground, it is difficult to evaluate the working status of bit in a timely manner. In the article, by analyzing the near bit data measured by down-hole tools, we explore the vibration of drilling tools under different drilling conditions, analyze the vibration intensity of drilling tools at different time periods, statistically analyze the vibration types and intensities of drilling tools, and explore the correlation between drilling parameters, analyzing the impact of drilling parameters on drilling tool vibration. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithology

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Abnormal Events detection during drilling Based on Knowledge Embedded real Time data Analysis

Abnormal Events Detection During Drilling Based on Knowledge...

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2025 International Petroleum technology Conference, IPTC 2025

作者： Shi, X.Y. Ji, Y. Cui, M. Guo, W.H. Tian, Y.M. Wu, d. Jing, L.Z. Yang, X.Y. CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025436

recognizing the signs of abnormal events during drilling at an earlier time and adopting appropriate action can greatly reduce non-productive time and improve drilling safety. However, due to the complexity of the drilling system and the uncertainty of data measurement, detecting abnormal events accurately and timely is not a trivial task. This paper proposes an early abnormal events detection approach based on real time data mining and knowledge reasoning. Based on the theoretical analysis, field experience and historical data analysis, main indicators of abnormal events (e.g. kick, mud losses and pipe stuck) under different drilling operations are identified, and this knowledge is represented as logical rules embedded in an event detection model. Various time series analysis and machine learning algorithms are utilized to extract the data characterization, capture the subtle change trends, and recognize the change patterns of multidimensional time series. The proposed model combines both the prior knowledge and data variation characterizations to detect the early signs of the abnormal events. Furthermore, when the events are detected, the model takes the context of the drilling operations, which are automatically calculated in real time, into account to reduce the false alarms. An early abnormal event detection software tool is built, which is able to detect kick, mud losses and pipe stuck incidents during drilling. The tool used as input both real-time and archived drilling data, and provides alarms when event indicators are detected. More than 50 wells' historical drill data are used as input to the tool for model verification. The results show that the tool can automatically detect all 25 kick incidents, 4 loss incidents and 21 stuck pipe incidents in the data set. The kick detection time is about 4 mins earlier than the field recorded time by average, the mud losses detection time is about 1 mins earlier by average, and the pipe stuck detection time is about 4

关键词： Mud logging

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A hybrid machine learning optimization algorithm for multivariable pore pressure prediction

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 535-550页

作者： Song deng Hao-Yu Pan Hai-Ge Wang Shou-Kun Xu Xiao-Peng Yan Chao-Wei Li Ming-Guo Peng Hao-Ping Peng Lin Shi Meng Cui Fei Zhao School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164JiangsuChina Tubular Goods Research Institute of CNPC Beijing102249China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

Pore pressure is essential data in drilling design,and its accurate prediction is necessary to ensure drilling safety and improve drilling *** methods for predicting pore pressure are limited when forming particular structures and *** this paper,a machine learning algorithm and effective stress theorem are used to establish the transformation model between rock physical parameters and pore *** study collects data from three *** 1 had 881 data sets for model training,and Wells 2 and 3 had 538 and 464 data sets for model *** this paper,support vector machine(SVM),random forest(rF),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),and multilayer perceptron(MLP)are selected as the machine learning algorithms for pore pressure *** addition,this paper uses the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm,particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,sparrow search algorithm(SSA),and bat algorithm(BA)to establish a hybrid machine learning optimization algorithm,and proposes an improved grey wolf optimization(IGWO)*** IGWO-MLP model obtained the minimum root mean square error(rMSE)by using the 5-fold cross-validation method for the training *** the pore pressure data in Well 2 and Well 3,the coefficients of determination(r^(2))of SVM,rF,XGB,and MLP are 0.9930 and 0.9446,0.9943 and 0.9472,0.9945 and 0.9488,0.9949 and *** achieves optimal performance on both training and test data,and the MLP model shows a high degree of *** indicates that the IGWO-MLP is an excellent predictor of pore pressure and can be used to predict pore pressure.

关键词： Pore pressure Grey wolf optimization Multilayer perceptron Effective stress Machine learning

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development of Sealing Joint for Collecting Slip ring 13th

Development of Sealing Joint for Collecting Slip Ring

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13th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEdC 2023

作者： Qiao, Han Han, Fei Hu, Zhi-Jian Wang, Ai-Guo Cheng, Jin CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819702558

The cable from the collecting slip ring is connected with the cable from the coiled tubing drum union, and the power supply from the surface to the downhole electric drilling tool and signal transmission are delivered via the cable passing through the coiled tubing. The high-pressure sealing at the coiled tubing drum and the reliable suspension of the cable inside the coiled tubing are two key factors affecting the safe and reliable operations of the coiled tubing electric drilling tool system. Given this, the sealing joint for collecting slip rings is developed for the annulus sealing and cable suspension of the coiled tubing-through cable near the bottom diameter of the drum. The tool is mainly composed of the bayonet, bayonet seat, sealing packing, upper joint and lower joint. The testing of the pressure bearing and suspension capacities of the tool shows that the developed sealing joint meets the requirements of 70 MPa sealing pressure and 10 ton cable suspension weight. The tool delivers high-pressure reliable sealing via "manual + packing" operations, and moreover, it offers a high suspension capacity by tightly clamping the separated armor steel wires of the cable. The development of this tool is of great significance to the safe and reliable operations of the surface coiled tubing drum for the coiled tubing electric drilling tool. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Electric power systems

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Current Status and Trends in Shale Oil and Gas drilling engineering technology development at Home and Abroad

Current Status and Trends in Shale Oil and Gas Drilling Engi...

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International Petroleum and Petrochemical technology Conference 2024, IPPTC 2024

作者： Jing, Yu Bo, Zhou Pingliang, Fang Bing, Li Wenchao, Sun Long, Chang CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

Shale oil and gas is an important component of unconventional oil and gas, and the United States has achieved energy independence through the shale revolution. China has abundant unconventional oil and gas resources, and the vigorous development of shale oil and gas is a necessary path for the development of China's oil and gas industry. By systematically analyzing the developmental characteristics of shale oil and gas major countries, represented by North America, this study compares domestic and foreign shale oil and gas drilling engineering technologies from the perspectives of development process, well construction cycle, drilling parameters, and other aspects. It clarifies the advantages and challenges of Chinese shale oil and gas drilling engineering technology and provides targeted recommendations. The drilling mode for shale oil and gas in China has progressed from single horizontal wells to large-scale platform factory operations, significantly reducing costs and increasing efficiency. However, due to the complex geological conditions of shale formations and poor surface environment, China's shale oil and gas wells have a horizontal section length about 1000 meters shorter than those in North America, and the well construction cycle is 2-3 times longer. There are still certain gaps in drilling efficiency and operating costs compared to foreign countries. By systematically analyzing the development process and parameter characteristics of shale oil and gas drilling engineering technology at home and abroad, this study clarifies the current status of drilling engineering technology, providing references for the integration and promotion of mature technologies, demonstration of key core technology breakthroughs, and exploration of cutting-edge technology research and development. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gas industry

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