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12th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEDC 2022

作者： Teng, Xin-Miao Yu, De-Zhou Tang, Xue-Ping Gao, Wen-Kai Ding, Hua-Hua Liu, Ke Chen, Wen-Yi CNPC Engineering Technology Research and Development Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819919635

The borehole size and shape are key engineering environmental parameters in terms of the drilling and completion engineering. In order to solve the issues of conventional wireline logging such as the poor real-time performance, a novel high-resolution imaging logging tool while drilling has been designed for monitoring the borehole quality and analyzing the rock mechanical characteristics in real time by measuring azimuth caliper and imaging borehole shape while drilling. A measurement method of 36-sector azimuth caliper is proposed in this paper to address the challenge of high-speed rotary while drilling, and guides the overall design of measurement and control circuit of imaging tool as well. For the shake of solving the problem of slow transmission rate while drilling, an intelligent algorithm of borehole echo characteristics recognition is developed, which automatically processes massive original waveform data by downhole measurement and control circuit, and only uploads imaging results with MWD, thus greatly reducing the amount of transmitted data. The external diameter of the tool is 172 mm, equipped with 4 ultrasonic transducers uniformly placed around the circumference of the drilling tool at an interval of 90º. The tool proposed in this paper has been successfully tested in Huabei Oilfield, and the caliper measurement accuracy is less than ±2 mm and realizes 36-sector high-resolution azimuth caliper measurement and borehole shape image while drilling. It is important for real-time analysis of wellbore stability and geomechanics analysis, which can effectively ensure the safe, efficient and refined exploration and development of oil and gas resources. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

关键词： Boreholes

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Analysis of Hydraulic Fracture Network Morphology in Stimulated Coal Reservoirs with Pre-Existing Natural Fractures

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Energy engineering 2025年第4期122卷 1491-1509页

作者： Weiping Ouyang Luoyi Huang Jinghua Liu Hongzhong Zhang National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil and Gas Fields CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company LimitedXi’an710018China Changqing Downhole Technology Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company LimitedXi’an710018China School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China

Hydraulic fracturing is a crucial technique for efficient development of coal *** rocks typically contain a high density of natural fractures,which serve as conduits for fracturing *** injection,the fluid infiltrates these natural fractures and leaks out,resulting in complex fracture *** prediction of hydraulic fracture network propagation for coal reservoirs has important practical significance for evaluating hydraulic *** study proposes a novel inversion method for predicting fracture networks in coal reservoirs,explicitly considering the distribution of natural *** method incorporates three distinct natural fracture opening modes and employs a fractal probability function to constrain fracture *** on thismethod,the study compares hydraulic fracture networkmorphologies in coal reservoirs with andwithout the presence of natural *** showthatwhile both reservoir types exhibitmulti-branch fracture networks,reservoirs containing natural fractures demonstrate greater branching and a larger stimulated reservoir volume(SRV).Additionally,the study employs a fractal dimension calculation method to quantitatively describe the geometric distribution characteristics of *** analysis reveals that the geometry and distribution of natural fractures,as well as reservoir geological parameters,significantly influence the fracture networkmorphology and fractal *** contact angle between natural and hydraulic fractures affects propagation direction;specifically,when the contact angle isπ/2,the fractal dimension of the hydraulic fracture network is ***,smaller lengths and spacings of natural fracture led to higher fractal dimensions,which can significantly increase the *** proposed method offers an effective tool for evaluating the hydraulic fracturing of coal reservoirs.

关键词： Coal reservoirs hydraulic fracturing natural fractures inversion and evaluation fracturing fluid flow fractal dimension

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A hybrid machine learning optimization algorithm for multivariable pore pressure prediction

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 535-550页

作者： Song Deng Hao-Yu Pan Hai-Ge Wang Shou-Kun Xu Xiao-Peng Yan Chao-Wei Li Ming-Guo Peng Hao-Ping Peng Lin Shi Meng Cui Fei Zhao School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164JiangsuChina Tubular Goods Research Institute of CNPC Beijing102249China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

Pore pressure is essential data in drilling design,and its accurate prediction is necessary to ensure drilling safety and improve drilling *** methods for predicting pore pressure are limited when forming particular structures and *** this paper,a machine learning algorithm and effective stress theorem are used to establish the transformation model between rock physical parameters and pore *** study collects data from three *** 1 had 881 data sets for model training,and Wells 2 and 3 had 538 and 464 data sets for model *** this paper,support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),and multilayer perceptron(MLP)are selected as the machine learning algorithms for pore pressure *** addition,this paper uses the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm,particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,sparrow search algorithm(SSA),and bat algorithm(BA)to establish a hybrid machine learning optimization algorithm,and proposes an improved grey wolf optimization(IGWO)*** IGWO-MLP model obtained the minimum root mean square error(RMSE)by using the 5-fold cross-validation method for the training *** the pore pressure data in Well 2 and Well 3,the coefficients of determination(R^(2))of SVM,RF,XGB,and MLP are 0.9930 and 0.9446,0.9943 and 0.9472,0.9945 and 0.9488,0.9949 and *** achieves optimal performance on both training and test data,and the MLP model shows a high degree of *** indicates that the IGWO-MLP is an excellent predictor of pore pressure and can be used to predict pore pressure.

关键词： Pore pressure Grey wolf optimization Multilayer perceptron Effective stress Machine learning

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Trend Analysis for Calibrated Active System Volume and Differential Flow Significantly Reduces False Positive Kick Alarm During Drilling

Trend Analysis for Calibrated Active System Volume and Diffe...

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2024 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, APOGCE 2024

作者： Ding, Danhong Mei, Yunyi Ge, Su Yong, Fengwei Lu, Yaozhong Ge, Yunhua CNPC National Elite Institute of Engineering Beijing China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company limited Beijing China CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing China Sino Science & Technology Company Limited Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025269

Rapid kick detection is an essential part of rig safety. Identifying potential kick events in time is valuable and is an urgent and critical task for rig personnel and remote Operation Support Center(OSC) users. A new monitoring system has been developed by firstly calibrating the active system volume for pipe and cuttings displacement during drilling and then by detecting a statistically significant trend in the observed data rather than to rely solely on absolute values and threshold crossing to maximize the sensitivity whilst minimizing the number of false alarms. More than hundreds of historical kick alarms were reviewed and the corresponding mud logging data before the events occurred were displayed in log format against time for clear identification of anomalies in three different tracks: one track for pit volume, one for flow-in and flow-out, the third hole depth, bit depth and block position. By applying an automated rule-based system, the states of rig activities are also displayed simultaneously by detection of bit movement, pump, rotation status and other elements. It is noticed that the data absolute value, data noise, and rig operations such as sudden string movements and flow transients has significant interference to the detection of kick event and that the differential flow is more sensitive early kick indicator than pit volume in most of the historical cases. A pit volume calibrated for drill pipe and cuttings displacement during drilling and a trend analysis by applying Page-Hinkley method for monitoring both active system volumes and differential flows are established and the monitoring system is updated. The system has been tested and refined with the data flows of the historical cases in labs to maximize the sensitivity whilst minimizing the number of false alarms. A significant reduction of false positive alarms is achieved by reducing triggering of 1-2 alarms per well per week while maintaining a 100% true positive identification rate by compa

关键词： Drill pipe

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research on the Recognition and Characterization of Fractures in Coal Rock Based on CT Scanning

Research on the Recognition and Characterization of Fracture...

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International Petroleum and Petrochemical technology Conference 2024, IPPTC 2024

作者： Ye, Zhilin Qu, Shiyuan Liu, Jianquan Gao, Xiang Jin, Yi CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development China

Coal rock fractures play a vital role as key channels for gas migration and storage in the exploration and development of coalbed methane. The characteristics of these fractures, such as porosity distribution, specific surface area, and connectivity, directly impact the adsorption, diffusion, and permeability behaviors of coal reservoirs. Therefore, a detailed analysis of coal rock fracture characteristics is vital in assessing the extractability of coalbed methane and during its exploration and development process. Currently, techniques like imaging logging, seismic detection, and micro-CT are employed for characterizing and studying fractures at various scales. Among these, high-resolution non-destructive CT scanning technology, by constructing three-dimensional data models of core samples, enables a quantitative analysis of fracture distribution features and size parameters. Traditional digital image processing methods, such as threshold segmentation and binary segmentation, though advantageous in computational speed, have limitations in the accuracy of fracture identification. With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology, deep learning-based image processing techniques have increasingly become significant tools for fracture detection due to their powerful feature extraction capabilities. This study conducted micrometer-level CT scanning experiments on coal rock samples, using CT image processing technology to construct a digitalized coal rock core model. Deep learning methods were applied for precise fracture identification, establishing an appropriate deep learning architecture and optimized parameters for coal rock fracture recognition. Furthermore, this paper provides a detailed quantitative characterization of the precisely identified fractures, offering robust technical support for the exploration and development of coalbed methane. The high-resolution nondestructive CT scanning technology and three-dimensional fracture network reconstruction

关键词： Computerized tomography

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Selection and Optimization of Floating Casing technology in Field Application 13th

Selection and Optimization of Floating Casing Technology in ...

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13th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEDC 2023

作者： Feng, Qiang Wang, Huai-Jing Zhan, Hong-Yun Ding, Ke-Yu Wu, Jie Engineering Technology Research Institute CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819702558

Since horizontal wells and large displacement wells arose, it is crucial that the casing can be safely tripped to the target depth. Floating casing technology is one of the most effective methods to guarantee the safe insertion of casing in horizontal wells, especially in large displacement horizontal well. This article aims at selecting and optimizing the floating casing technology in practice. Firstly, it determines the type of well by calculation in order to confirm that whether floating casing technology is needed and what kind of technology needs to be applied. Secondly, it determines the position and quantity of floating collar by trial algorithms, multi-factor analysis and other methods. Based on102 field applications, the following conclusions are driven: 1) The floating casing technology significantly improved the casing penetration capacity of horizontal wells and large displacement wells, and reduced the rate of accidents;2) Optimized calculating the position and quantity of the floating collar is needed, it was ensured that the opening pressure of the floating collar meet the designments so that the casing was smoothly tripped to the target depth;3) It guaranteed the casing operation safety and cementing operation success without repeated plugging. The constant pressure bursting disc sub-floating casing technology achieved the full diameter of the wellbore by optimizing the collar device. To sum up, the floating casing technology solves the problems of complex traditional process flow, poor sealing of the pipe string, and inability to achieve full bore by selecting and optimizing, it also facilitates the upcoming fracturing application. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Horizontal wells

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Digital Twin System Utilizing Hybrid Approach of Physics Model and Machine Learning for Pipe Stuck Early Identification and Warning Based on Real-Time Data

Digital Twin System Utilizing Hybrid Approach of Physics Mod...

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2024 Offshore technology Conference Asia, OTCA 2024

作者： Zhang, Jiawei Wang, Haige Ji, Guodong Zhuo, Lubin Zhao, Zhixue Liu, Xiaoao Chen, Weifeng CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute of CNPC Daqing Drilling Engineering Company Daqing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025030

Pipe stuck accident is one of the primary causes contributing to NPT (Non-Productive Time) in the drilling industry, incurring global financial losses amounting to hundreds of millions annually. For decades, Practices and techniques have been formulated and developed to avoid and tackle this downhole accident, while the early detection and proactive management are critical for effectively preventing this issue at its early stage. This paper presents the development and implementation of a novel digital Twin system, which amalgamates physics-based modeling and machine learning to facilitate real-time monitoring and early warning of pipe stuck while drilling. The system performs a real-time simulation of hook load, torque, and SPP (Standpipe Pressure) under various drilling states based on T&D and wellbore hydraulics models, which undergo verification and calibration within predefined computing cycles in order to enhance accuracy and reduce error margins. The PSRI (Pipe Stuck Risk), ranging from 0-100%, is based on ROC (Rate of change) of these three actual drilling parameters and the deviation of the simulated value from actual ones under different drilling states, is proposed to provide a comprehensive risk assessment over time series regardless of drilling state. A Continuous, real-time assessment of pipe stuck risk, categorized into low (green), medium (yellow), and high (red) levels, can be realized with thresholds for parameter deviation and ROC derived from historical data of wells with and without pipe stuck accidents and RFA (Random Forest Algorithm). The system is designed to alert users such as drillers or monitoring specialists with visual and auditory signals when a high-risk scenario is detected, prompting immediate preventative or corrective actions. Case studies have shown that the system could provide early warnings of high-risk of pipe stuck typically between 30 minutes to 2 hours ahead, particularly during back-reaming and tripping operation. This c

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A Comprehensive Well Productivity Evaluation Approach and Sensitivity Analysis for a HPHT Ultra-deep Water Gas Reservoir 13th

A Comprehensive Well Productivity Evaluation Approach and Se...

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13th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEDC 2023

作者： Zhang, Jin-Lin Wang, Rui-Feng Wang, Xiao-Feng Xu, Qing-Yan Xian, Bei-Nan Wei, Song-Ke Lin, Zi-Mo Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPC Beijing China CNPC Mozambique Maputo Mozambique CNPC Offshore Engineering Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819704637

Well testing in ultra-deep water reservoirs is crucial for well productivity evaluation, whereas well testing time is very limited due to rig days concerns, safety and drillship well testing equipment constraint, leading to uncertainties in the well productivity evaluation. Generally, simplified methods such as the conventional binomial, exponential, and "one point method" are commonly applied to evaluate the well productivity. And the above-mentioned methods could bring in abnormal phenomena like poor correlation on regression curves, negative binomial coefficients, and indices greater than 1 when applied in a high-temperature and high-pressure (HPHT) ultra-deep water gas reservoir with trace condensate. Those phenomena lacking physical significance should be further investigated and mitigated to improve the well productivity estimation. First, the impact of different simplified forms of pseudo-pressure on the calculation of open flow rate of gas well was studied. The evaluation of gas well productivity was then conducted by comprehensively integrating test well interpretation, leveraging the pseudo-pressure method and well test parameter method. In addition, the impact of condensate oil content on gas well productivity was analyzed through sensitivity analysis. At present, the simplified calculation applicable standard of the "Technical Specification for Natural Gas Well Testing SY/T 5440-2009", states that when the wellbore pressure is high (greater than 21 MPa), the pressure method can be used to calculate the open flow rate. The results indicate that the open flow rate obtained by the pressure square method is 7.2–18.8% smaller than that obtained by the pseudo pressure method, and the open flow rate obtained by the pressure method is 18.3–30.0% larger than that obtained by the pseudo-pressure method. Therefore, for ultra-deep water HPHT gas reservoirs with bottom hole pressure much greater than 21 MPa, the pseudo pressure method is currently the most suitable p

关键词： Well testing

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Safe Speed-Up Drilling technology for Ultra Deep Well Based on Geology-engineering Integration 12th

Safe Speed-Up Drilling Technology for Ultra Deep Well Based ...

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12th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEDC 2022

作者： Chen, Chang-Chang Ji, Guo-Dong Wang, Hai-Ge Huang, Hong-Chun Wu, Qiang Liu, Li CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum and Development Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819919635

Qiulitage tectonic belt in Tarim Basin has large reservoir burial depth and complex geological conditions, and challenges such as ultra deep, high temperature, high pressure and high stress lead to big problems related to well control safety, well construction timeliness and project quality. To solve these key technical problems that set barriers to the process of exploration and development, a set of drilling technology process geology-engineering integration is established with geomechanics as the bridge. And an integrated key drilling engineering technology for the safe speed up of ultra deep well was formed, integrating well location optimization, well trajectory optimization, stratum pressure prediction before drilling, stratum drillability evaluation, bit and speed-up tool design and optimization, so as to solve engineering problems. Combined with seismic data, logging data, structural characteristics, and lithology distribution characteristics, the rock mechanics data volume related to the 3D drilling resistance characteristics of the block was established for the first time, and the vertical and horizontal heterogeneity was quantitatively characterized, which provided a basis for bit design, improvement and optimization. Through field practice, the average drilling complexity rate was reduced from 12% to 4.6%, and the drilling cycle at 8500m depth was reduced from 326 days to 257 days, which were significantly better than those of the vertical wells deployed in the early stage without considering geology-engineering integration. It accumulated technology and experience for the efficient development of ultra deep complex oil and gas reservoirs. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

关键词： Integration

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Numerical analysis of hydraulic fracture propagation in deep shale reservoir with different injection strategies

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3558-3574页

作者： Yingjie Xia Mingyu Yao Tianjiao Li Hai Yang Chun'an Tang School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China Deep Underground Engineering Research Center Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited Chengdu610051China

Deep shale reservoirs are characterized by elevated breakdown pressures,diminished fracture complexity,and reduced modified volumes compared to medium and shallow ***,it is urgent to investigate particular injection strategies that can optimize breakdown pressure and fracturing efficiency to address the increasing demands for deep shale reservoir *** this study,the efficiency of various stimulation strategies,including multi-cluster simultaneous fracturing,modified alternating fracturing,alternating shut-in fracturing,and cyclic alternating fracturing,was ***,the sensitivity of factors such as the cycle index,shut-in time,cluster spacing,and horizontal permeability was ***,the flow distribution effect within the wellbore was *** results indicate that relative to multi-cluster simultaneous fracturing,modified alternating fracturing exhibits reduced susceptibility to the stress shadow effect,which results in earlier breakdown,extended hydraulic fracture lengths,and more consistent propagation despite an increase in breakdown *** alternating shut-in fracturing benefits the increase of fracture length,which is closely related to the shut-in ***,cyclic alternating fracturing markedly lowers breakdown pressure and contributes to uniform fracture propagation,in which the cycle count plays an important *** alternating fracturing demonstrates insensitivity to variations in cluster spacing,whereas horizontal permeability is a critical factor affecting fracture *** wellbore effect restrains the accumulation of pressure and flow near the perforation,delaying the initiation of hydraulic *** simulation results can provide valuable numerical insights for optimizing injection strategies for deep shale hydraulic fracturing.

关键词： Fracture propagation Numerical simulation Hydraulic fracturing Rock failure process analysis(RFPA) Injection strategy

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