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Hydrocarbon generation and pore evolution in marine organic-rich shales across maturation stages

Fuel 2025年 402卷

作者： Xueying Wang Kun Zhang Zhenxue Jiang Yanhua Lin Yan Song Chengzao Jia Shu Jiang Lin Jiang Hulin Niu Jing Li Yunbo Zhang Xingmeng Wang Xinyang He Jingru Ruan Weishi Tang Hengfeng Gou Fengli Han Xuejiao Yuan Yuanyuan Wang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan 610500 China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan 610500 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Oil and Gas Survey China Geological Survey Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China China National Petroleum Corporation Limited Beijing 100007 China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 China International Company of China Petroleum Logging Company CNPC Beijing 100101 China Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited China National Petroleum Corporation Chengdu Sichuan 610051 China Exploration and Development Research Institute Southwest Oil & Gas Branch of SINOPEC Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China Shengli Oilfield Production Plant of SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Company Dongying Shandong 257051 China No.1 Gas Production Plant of PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company Golmud Qinghai 816000 China

To investigate the hydrocarbon generation and pore evolution mechanisms of marine organic-rich shales at different maturity stages, representative shale samples from different regions in China were analyzed. Semi-closed system thermal simulation experiments on low-maturity samples identified hydrocarbon products at different evolutionary stages. Pore structures were characterised using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) imaging, CO 2 and N 2 adsorption, and high-pressure mercury intrusion, while spontaneous imbibition tests assessed connectivity and wettability. At the early maturity stage (Ro < 1.3 %), diagenesis primarily controls pore development, with interparticle and intraparticle pores dominating (78.98 %), mainly exhibiting slit-like morphologies. High-viscosity liquid hydrocarbons clog pores, reducing pore number, surface porosity, pore volume, and specific surface area, resulting in water-wet characteristics. As thermal evolution progresses (Ro: 1.3–3.3 %), hydrocarbon generation governs pore evolution. Kerogen pyrolysis (Ro < 1.6 %) and cracking gas from retained hydrocarbons/asphaltenes (Ro: 1.6–3.3 %) form a relay-type gas supply model. Organic matter pores become the primary storage space (86.17 %), and ink-bottle-shaped pores enhance connectivity and storage capacity, leading to oil-wet characteristics. At Ro > 3.3 %, organic carbonisation and compaction dominate. Pores return to slit-like morphologies with reduced connectivity. Further cracking of residual hydrocarbons occurs, while organic matter pores remain primary storage space, and the shale reverts to water-wet. These findings provide insights into high-maturity shale reservoir formation mechanisms and offer guidance for favorable exploration targets.

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True 3D Fracture Simulation with Geology-engineering Integration of Volume Modification in Jimsar Shale Oil

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第2期714卷

作者： Kui Zhang Yang Xiao Leiming Cheng Shouyu Liu Junchao Wang Mingqiang Xu Engineering Technology Research Institute Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Karamay China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China School of Energy Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu China Chengdu Institute of Technology Sunshine Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Chengdu China Shale oil Project Management Department Development Company PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay China

The main characteristics of Jimsar shale oil reservoir are of complex structure, strong heterogeneity and great difficulty in fracturing. It is mainly produced by volume fracturing technology, which is easy to form complex fracture networks. At present, the design and parameter optimization of fracturing scheme are not targeted, and the true 3D fracture simulation with geology-engineering integration is particularly important. On the basis of 3D geological modeling, the 3D geo-mechanical parameter distribution is determined by seismic data, logging data, experimental data, etc to simulate the stress environment in which the overburden pressure, surrounding rock pressure and lower strata pressure. And the 3D geo-mechanical parameter model is established by combining simulated analysis of the stress. On the basis of geological model, geomechanical model and natural fracture model, the natural fractures and faults determined by seismic, logging or discrete fracture modeling are integrated into the geomechanical model to complete the true 3D simulation of artificial fracture network based on true 3D geo-mechanical model. This simulation is the practice and improvement of the geology-engineering integration of shale oil reservoirs volume modification technology in Jimsar, which will deepen the geological understanding and strengthens the engineering technology supporting, provides reference basis for the optimization design of fracturing process and the maximization of the volume, and finally realizes the efficient development of shale oil in Jimsar.

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Casing shear deformation based on micro seismic data

Casing shear deformation based on micro seismic data

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Chinese Materials Conference, 2018

作者： Zeng, Yijin Xi, Yan Ding, Shidong Li, Jun Hao, Xinyu Li, Fangyuan Wang, Haitao Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute Beichen Times Building Chaoyang District Beijing100101 China 18 Fuxue Road Changping Beijing102249 China CNPC Xi Bu Drilling Engineering Company Limited Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute Economic and technological development zones UrumchiXinjiang830011 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783035713848

Casing shear deformation, which is caused by fault slipping, is the main morphology of casing deformation occurred during multistage fracturing. In order to determine the relationship between fault slipping and casing shear deformation, the micro seismic data collected from engineering field which can reflect the reality of the formations were analyzed. A new numerical model was developed, and the influential factors on casing shear deformation were studied, including the fault slip distance of lower and upper interface, fault dip angle, the thickness of cement sheath and casing. The results show that: (1) Fault is easily activated by fracturing, which was the main reason of casing shear deformation;(2) The greater the fault dip angel, the slip distance, the greater the casing shear deformation;(3) Increasing the wall thickness of casing or cement sheath is beneficial to decrease the degree of the shear deformation;(4) Two ways can be used to avoid and control the casing shear deformation, one is keeping the designed horizontal segment of well trajectory keep away from fracture-developed area, or be parallel to natural fracture, the other is using stage cementing technology. research results can provide important reference for design and control of casing integrity during multistage fracturing in shale gas wells. © 2019 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Seismic response

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Formulation and evaluation of β-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres for improved HTHP filtration control in water-based drilling fluids

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2020年 313卷

作者： Hanyi Zhong Xin Gao Zhengsong Qiu Chong Zhao Xianbin Zhang Baoyu Guo Gongrang Li Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development China University of Petroleum (East China) Ministry of Education Qingdao 266580 China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580 China Drilling Fluid Technology Services of CNPC BoHai Drilling Engineering Company Limited Dagang Tianjin 300280 China Drilling Technology Research Institute Shengli Petroleum Engineering Corporation Limited of SINOPEC Donying 257064 China

β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP) microspheres were investigated as high temperature resistant filtration reducers for water-based drilling fluid in this study. The microspheres were synthesized by crosslinking reaction between β-CD and epichlorohydrin with inverse emulsion polymerization. The structural and morphological characteristics of the prepared microspheres were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution measurement, and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The filtration control properties of the microsphere were evaluated via American Petroleum Institute (API) filtration test and high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) filtration test. The results indicated that β-CDP microspheres could effectively reduce the filtration of bentonite suspension both before and after thermal aging at 200 °C without significant influence on drilling fluid's rheology. A substantially enhanced filtration control behavior was observed after thermal aging, which was contrary with conventional filtration reducers. The β-CDP microspheres could absorb a large number of water and became swellable and deformable, which enhanced the compressibility of filter cake. What is more, hydrothermal reaction occurred for part of β-CDP microspheres under high temperature environment, resulting in the formation of numerous carbon spheres ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The β-CDP microspheres, bentonite particles and small carbon spheres in combination contributed to form a dense and compact filter cake with low permeability. β-CDP microspheres were potential candidates as environmental friendly and high temperature filtration reducers in deep well drilling.

关键词： Water-based drilling fluid High temperature Filtration β-Cyclodextrin Microsphere

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A novel cementing technique in mid-deep heavy oil reservoirs

A novel cementing technique in mid-deep heavy oil reservoirs

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SPE Thermal Well Integrity and Design Symposium

作者： Wang, Lei Liu, Huiqing Pang, Zhanxi Cen, Xueqi Xia, Jing Wen, Liangfan Wang, Hao Guan, Yuting Chen, Yihe Wang, Jun Department of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development China China Petroleum Technology and Development Corporation China Research Institute of Drilling Engineering and Technology CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613994306

At present, thermal recovery is an important method for developing heavy oil reservoirs effectively. However, the leakage of cement slurry into the formation during cementing and steam leakage through cement in the annular space around a cemented casing during production have become a problem to be urgently solved in heavy oil reservoir thermal recovery production. The solutions to these problems are usage of two-stage cement slurry system and the dynamic vibration cementing. The well section from 100 metres above the top of oil layer to the wellhead is cemented by a novel foam cement slurry system, and the rest of the barefoot interval is cementedby the good thermal-stability cement slurry system by using the dynamic vibration cementing technique. The objective of usage of two-stagecement slurry system is to reduceannulus fluid column pressure, and the objective of the dynamic vibration cementing is to achieve a stable hydraulic seal. The consequences of the pressure reduction in the cement columnare evident. Not only the difficulty of leakage in cementing is settled by applying the low-density foam cement slurry, of which the density is 1.40 g/cm3, but also the heat loss of wellbore is decreased because of reduction of thermal conductivity. The performance of thermal-stability hardened cement paste before and aftersteam vapor curing was compared by lab experiments. The result shows that the compression strength, tensile strength and shear stress of hardened cement paste and of hardened cement pastehad little change. SEM photographs indicate that the microstructure of hardening cement after vibration action is more compact. These results had been validated on site test. Through the comparison and analysis of cementing quality of two wells in the same block, it has proved that the well with this novel cementing technique is better quality than the other one. The CBL/VDL test report revealed that acoustic amplitude value of the well is less than 10%. The formation wa

关键词： Cements

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Improving the physical properties of nano-cellulose through chemical grafting for potential use in enhancing oil recovery

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2016年第4期1卷 186-191页

作者： Qinzhi Li Bing Wei Yan Xue Yangbing Wen Jing Li State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin300457China Geological Exploration&Development Research Institute CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company LimitedChengdu610051China

The performance of nano-cellulose fluid as a"green"flooding agent in enhancing oil recovery was evaluated in our previous *** upon our prior findings,in this study the physical properties of nano-cellulose were further improved through chemical grafting with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer(AMPS)and alkyl *** electron microscopy(SEM)observation indicated that the morphology of the nano-cellulose maintained fibrillar and was not altered after the chemical *** thermal stability of the AMPS and alkyl chain grafted nano-cellulose was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).A similar thermal response behavior was observed for the three evaluated *** to the non-grafted nano-cellulose,the grafted nano-cellulose remained homogenous in an electrolyte solution against storage time,suggesting a superior *** analysis also proved the advanced viscoelastic properties of the nano-cellulose dispersion.

关键词： nano-cellulose chemical grafting thermal stability dispersity rheological behavior

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Hydrothermal Dolomite in the Upper Sinian (Upper Proterozoic) Dengying Formation, East Sichuan Basin, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1466-1487页

作者： LIU Shugen HUANG Wenming JANSA Luba F. WANG Guozhi SONG Guangyong ZHANG Changjun SUN Wei MA Wenxin State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology Geological Exploration & Development Research Institute CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited Geological Survey of Canada-Atlantic Dartmouth. N.S. & Earth Science Department Dalhousie University Petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology

Hydrothermal Dolomite （HTD） is present in the Upper Sinian （Upper Proterozoic） Dengying Formation, east Sichuan Basin, China. The strata are comprised by primary dolomite. The HTD has various textures, including zebra dolomite, subhorizontal sheet-like cavities filled by saddle dolomite and breccias cemented by saddle dolomites as well occur as a fill of veins and fractures. Also co-occur MVT type lead-zinc ores in the study area. The δ13C and δ18O isotopes of HTD in the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation are lighter than those of the host rocks, while STSr/86Sr is higher. The apparent difference in carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopes, especially the large difference in S7Sr/S6Sr isotopes ratio indicate crystallization from hot basinal and/or hydrothermal fluids. Saddle dolomite was precipitated at temperatures of 270-320℃. The diagenetic parasequences of mineral assemblage deposited in the Dengying Formation are：（1） dolomite host rock →sphalerite-galena-barite-fluorite; （2） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →quartz; （3） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite→bitumen; （4） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →barite. The mean chemical composition of the host dolomite matrix and HTD didn＇t change much during hydrothermal process. The fluids forming the HTDs in the Dengying Formation were mixtures of freshwater from the unconformity at the top of Sinian, fluids from diagenetic compaction and hydrocarbon generation ＆ expulsion from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation mudstones or the Doushantuo Formation silty mudstones, and hydrothermal fluids from the basement. The hydrocarbon reservoirs associated with the HTD were mostly controlled by the basement faults and fractures and karsting processes at the unconformity separating Sinian and Cambrian strata. The hydrocarbon storage spaces of HTD included dissolved cavities and intercrystalline pores. Dissolution cavities are extensive at the top of Dengying Formation, up to about 46m below the unconformity between Sinian an

关键词： Hydrothermal dolomite （HTD） Upper Sinian Series Dengying Formation Sichuan basin

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The Feasibility of Fluorine Ammonium Compounds for Sandstone Formation Matrix Acidizing: Laboratory Study and Discussion

The Feasibility of Fluorine Ammonium Compounds for Sandstone...

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2013 International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy & Environment(MREE 2013)

作者： Li Fu Wu Anlin Xia Minmin Liu Hongxian Zhang Tingting No1 Production Plant of Xinjiang Oilfield Co.Karamay CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited Oil Production Technology Institute Dagang Oilfield Co.PetroChina Exploration and Development Research Institute of Xinjiang Oilfield Co Oil and Gas Accumulation Conveyance Company of Xinjiang Oilfield Co

ISBN: (纸本)9783037857908

As a preferred technology to enhance oilfield energy production, well stimulation has and will continue to have an important role in fulfilling the world's future energy needs. Mud acid is a conventional acid system that reacts with most injurants and removes damages. However, fast reaction rate with minerals will lead to high leak-off velocity, great possibility of secondary and tertiary precipitation, lower effect of corrosion inhibitor in high temperature as well as short efficient operating range. Therefore, new kinds of acid system are required to cope with these problems above. This paper proposed three acid system with the similarity of fluorine ammonium compounds for sandstone acidizing — ammonium hydrogen fluoride(AHF), ammonium fluotitanate(AFT), and ammonium fluoroborate system(AFB). Chemical structures, acidity test and solubility tests have proved the feasibility. Then, performance comparisons are conducted to prove the advantages over mud acid system.

关键词： Ammonium Fluorine Mud acid Matrix acidizing Laboratory study Comparison

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Design and control of an optical alignment system using a parallel XXY stage and four CCDs for micro pattern alignment

Design and control of an optical alignment system using a pa...

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Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS

作者： Hau-Wei Lee Chien-Hung Liu Yu-Ying Chiu Te-Hua Fang Department of Software and Advanced Technology Research Chiuan-Yan Technology Company Limited Changhua Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Development of Mechanical Engineering Graduate Institute of Mechanical and Precision Engineering Kaohsiung Taiwan

Recently, as the requirements of manufacture or inspection of semiconductor, MEMS, LED, LCD, touch panel and so on, vision servo and multi-Degree-of-Freedoms (DOF) alignment/compensation stage are integrated for high precise alignment. The general alignment method uses two CCDs to capture the image of the pattern, and the central positions of the pattern on the CCD are determined using computer, DSP or microprocessor etc. In this paper, the proposed system includes four CCDs, two alignment objects and a novel design three-DOF parallel stage. The alignment displacements represented δ x , δ y and δ Θ are analyzed using forward kinematic analysis. A novel design three-DOF parallel stage called XXY stage uses to move the alignment displacement. Experiment results show that resolution of the used CCD is about 7 μm per pixel and the linear and angular positioning repeatability of the XXY stage are better than 1 μm and 20 arcsec. Alignment error is about ±1 pixel. Time of three times alignment is about 1.25 second.

关键词： Charge coupled devices Cameras Pattern matching software Lamination Publishing Equations

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Design and application of business oriented model based on meet-in-the-middle method

Design and application of business oriented model based on m...

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International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC)

作者： Liusun Fu Shiwei Ma Chaozu Liang School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology Shanghai University Shanghai China Research and Development Department Shanghai Hongking Software Technology Company Limited Shanghai China

The BOA framework in which BOM is the basis has attracted much attention in developing ERP system of SMEs for solving the problem of information combination. In this paper, in order to provide VSP in BOA framework with large grain reusable module, to improve developing efficiency and reduce development and maintenance costs of ERP systems, a BOM based reconfigurable developing method is presented. According to the idea of BOA and convergent evolution, a design principle to develop BOM by using the approach of meet-in-the-middle formatting is proposed. A rapid VSP developing process by managing BOM and configuring BOM instances has also put forward. At the end of the paper, the feasibility of the reusable development method is illustrated with an application example.

关键词： Bills of materials Industries Marketing and sales XML Analytical models Libraries

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