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11th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEDC 2021

作者： Wang, Ru-yi Wang, Zhi-zhang Yang, Xiang-Tong Xu, Zhen-yong Guo, Fa-jun Downhole Operation Research Department CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum-Beijing Beijing China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Hua Bei Oilfield Company Shangqiu China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811921483

This primary goal of this study was to improve the accuracy of seismic identification of carbonate tidal channels and to achieve quantitative characterization of seismic facies. This paper is the first to present a co-training semi-supervised learning algorithm for use with seismic and drilling data to identify the sedimentary microfacies patterns of tidal channels within carbonate reservoirs. Co-training is a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm by which the feature dataset is split into two subsets, and a classifier is established for each feature subset. Each subset is re-trained based on the classification results of the other subset until the same classification results are obtained for most of the data in the two subsets. Taking the Mb1-3 subzone of the Mishrif Formation, West Qurna Oilfield-1 (Iraq) as an example, we employed zero-crossing-wrapping method to extract 18 seismic attributes of the target zone. The sliding window method was used to optimize 12 seismic attributes, and a hierarchical clustering algorithm based on correlation coefficients was used to group these seismic attributes. Using the two seismic attribute groups as feature data, we employed logistic regression, decision tree, and the k-nearest neighbor classifiers to conduct co-training semi-supervised learning for the classification and identification of tidal channels and lagoons. The results showed that the co-training semi-supervised learning algorithm improved the accuracy rate of each classifier, reduced background noise and clutter signals, and enhanced the continuity of the plane distribution of the tidal channel prediction results. In summary, the co-training semi-supervised learning algorithm significantly improved the efficiency of seismic facies identification of tidal channels. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Influence of Fractures on CO2 Huff-n-Puff Effect of Staged Fractured Horizontal Wells in Tight Oil Reservoirs 11th

Influence of Fractures on CO2 Huff-n-Puff Effect of Staged F...

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11th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEDC 2021

作者： Zhou, Tuo Zhong, Zhao Chen, Chi Yang, Hui Xiao, Yue Baletabieke, Bahedaer Kong, Xiang-ji Zhou, Chuan Xiang, Ying Gao, Qing-yun Tian, Yajie CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company Chengdu China China Petroleum Technical Service Corporation Limited Beijing China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd. Beijing China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811921483

Tight oil has become a new growth point for global oil and gas reserves and production. Conventional tight oil reservoirs are mainly developed in depletion mode, and water flooding cannot effectively supplement formation energy. CO2 has strong advantages in terms of elasticity, mutual solubility with crude oil, etc., and is considered to be an effective way to supplement energy. At present, staged fracturing of horizontal wells has gradually become the main development method for tight oil reservoirs, but it still fails to meet production requirements. In this paper, taking the Chang 8 tight oil reservoir in the Ordos Basin as an example, it is the first time to use a combination of physical simulation and numerical simulation, and use an original large-scale physical simulation experiment system to focus on the impact of fractures on the CO2 huff-n-puff effect of staged fractured horizontal wells in tight oil reservoirs. Through the original large-scale physical simulation experiment system (which can simulate a 50 * 50 * 6 cm core), using a combination of physical simulation and numerical simulation to analyze the impact of fractures on the CO2 huff-n-puff effect of horizontal wells with staged fracturing. Studies have shown that fracture length and fracture density are the main controlling factors that affect the CO2 huff-n-puff effect of staged fracturing horizontal wells, and reasonable fracture parameters are the key to improving development efficiency. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Fracture

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Thermodynamic Mechanism of Silica Modified Class G Well Cement Under High Temperature

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Huiting Li, Tong Zhang, Jiaying Xu, Pu Xia, Xiujian Yu, Yongjin Liu, Lin Chen, Huisu CNPC Engineering Technology Research and Development software Company Limited Beijing102206 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing211189 China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai University Nanjing210098 China

Under high temperatures, the strength retrogression caused by the formation of α-C2SH can be prevented by adding silica to generate tobermorite and xonotlite. However, the critical temperature and silica dosage for formations of α-C2SH, tobermorite, and xonotlite in well cement are unclear. A thermodynamic database is constructed for the CaO-SiO2-H2O system at high temperatures, and the critical temperature and silica dosage are investigated using a thermodynamic modeling technique based on the established database. The predicted phase assemblage of well cement at various temperatures and silica dosages is verified by XRD data from the literature and our experiments. The gel-space ratio, which is defined by Pichler as the ratio of the total volume of all hydration products over the volume of both all hydration products and capillary pores, is used to establish the relationship between phase composition and compressive strength. If combined with a well-built composition-structure-performance micromechanic model, the thermodynamic modeling technique can be used to guide the mix proportion design of well cement. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silica

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development of Temperature- and Salt-Resistant Viscosifier with Dual Skeleton Structure of Microcrosslinking and Hydrophobic Association Structures for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Dong, Xiaodong Sun, Jinsheng Huang, Xianbin Lv, Kaihe Geng, Yuan Liu, Fengbao Wang, Zonglun Zhang, Xianfa Qingdao266580 China Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development Ministry of Education Qingdao266580 China CNPC Engineering Technology Research and Development Company Limited China

In the process of developing deep oil and gas resources, the problem of high temperature and high salinity in deep strata has become a serious challenge faced by water-based drilling fluids. Under high temperature and high salinity conditions, drilling fluids must maintain good rheological properties to ensure safe and efficient drilling work. In this study, a temperature- and salt-resistant viscosifier (DASL) was synthesized using N, N-dimethylacrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, sodium p-styrene sulfonate, and lauryl methacrylate as monomers with a double backbone structure of micro crosslinking and hydrophobic association structures. The results of pyrene fluorescence probe test and transmission electron microscopy observation showed that DASL has an obvious hydrophobic associative structure. Moreover, due to the presence of microcrosslinked structure, DASL exhibits good shear thinning property and thixotropy in aqueous solution. Under the conditions of 200℃ and 35 wt% NaCl, the apparent viscosity of the drilling fluid with 2 wt% DASL added was 24.5 mPa⸱s, and the filtration was only 9.2 mL. In addition, mechanism studies have shown that the dual skeleton structure of DASL improves its temperature and salt resistance. DASL can adsorb and bridge with bentonite particles, increase the internal friction and structural viscosity of the drilling fluid, enhance the internal mesh structure of the drilling fluid, improve the colloidal stability of the drilling fluid, and maintain a reasonable particle size distribution of the bentonite particles, which enable DASL to significantly increase the viscosity of the drilling fluid while reducing the filtration loss of the drilling fluid. This work demonstrates that polymers with dual skeleton structures of micro crosslinking and hydrophobic association have good application effects as temperature- and salt-resistant viscosifier for water-based drilling fluids. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sodium chloride

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Simulation Experiment of Sediment Sealing in Old Well of Underground Gas Storage (Ugs)

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yuda Dong, Jingnan Liu, Tianen Guan, Yueyang Ban, Fansheng Yuan, Guangjie Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing100083 China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206 China National Engineering Laboratory of Petroleum Drilling Technology Beijing102206 China National Elite Institute of Engineering CNPC Beijing100096 China

UGS is the key place to ensure the stable supply of natural gas, and the plugging effect of old wells will be seriously affected due to its characteristics of strong and alternating injection and withdrawal. In order to study the plugging of old wells with fishing and buried by sediment, a full-scale wellbore sediment sealing simulation experiment and a small-scale core permeability experiment were designed. Considering the factors such as sediment composition, compaction degree and metal surface roughness, the compaction law of fillers and the change law of permeability with rock cuttings content under different top hydraulic conditions were analyzed. The experimental results show that there are two kinds of sealing failure in old wells. One is gas breakthrough, the breakthrough pressure difference is 1.3-2.7 MPa, the breakthrough time is about 30 s, and the dominant channel is the interface between sediment and casing and fishing. The other is gas leakage. The permeability range of the sediment is 0.0024-0.031 D, and the reservoir gas flows along the pore channel of the sediment. This study simulates the sediment plugging old wells in the range of gas storage site, and provides reference for the sealing failure process and mechanism of old wells. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sediments

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Simulation Experiment of Sediment Sealing in Old Well of Underground Gas Storage (Ugs)

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yuda Yuan, Guangjie Dong, Jingnan Liu, Tianen Guan, Yueyang Ban, Fansheng Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing100083 China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206 China National Engineering Laboratory of Petroleum Drilling Technology Beijing102206 China National Elite Institute of Engineering CNPC Beijing100096 China

关键词： Sediments

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research on the method of dynamic PDC cutters distribution 5

Research on the method of dynamic PDC cutters distribution

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5th International Conference on Energy engineering and Environmental Protection, EEEP 2020

作者： Peng, Qi Zhou, Yingcao Yang, Xiongwen Liu, Yu Cheng, Chris CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing China CNPC USA Corporation HoustonTX United States

PDC bit design, especially the design of the crown and cutters of PDC bit, is a relatively complex analysis process, which involves many factors such as the back-dip angle, cutting depth, cutting force, cutting power and other factors of PDC cutters. At present, the traditional design methods of PDC cutters distribution are mostly based on analysis of rock breaking efficiency of single cutter, which can only reflect the working state of the single cutter under the set parameters, and cannot fully reflect the differences of different positional cutters during the cutting process. In order to solve this problem, this article proposes a dynamic method through target formation lithology characteristics. The working parameters of all the PDC cutters are analyzed in detail basing on equal wear theory and bottom hole covering theory. The working parameters include static parameters (cutting position, back dip angle, cutting depth, effective cutting area.) and dynamic parameters (cutting force, cutting power, cutting torque and cutting energy etc.). The energy required by all the PDC cutters to break rock of per volume during drilling process is taken as the target constraint condition for iterative analysis. This design method can intuitively and effectively analyse the working parameters of cutters which located bit core, nose, shoulder and gauge area, and it provides a good reference for dynamic balance design of PDC bit. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Lithology

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Decision-making method of managed pressure drilling based on real-time calculation and analysis models

Decision-making method of managed pressure drilling based on...

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International Petroleum and Petrochemical technology Conference 2024, IPPTC 2024

作者： Yang, Yun Wei, Haifang Yan, Ronghui Xu, Zhaoyang Peng, Chi Gao, Guowang Wu, Lei Li, Jing Drilling & Production Technology Research Institute CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited Shaanxi Xi'an710018 China Engineering Technology Department Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company Shaanxi Xi'an710018 China Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Chengdu610500 China School of Electronic Engineering Xi’an Shiyou University Shaanxi Xi'an710065 China National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Fields Shaanxi Xi'an710018 China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Sichuan Chengdu610500 China

As petroleum exploration and development extend towards marginal, deep, and unconventional resources, drilling challenges such as narrow density windows and high wellbore control risks become increasingly prominent. Managed pressure drilling (MPD) proves effective in reducing drilling operational difficulties and well control risks in narrow safe-density window formations. However, existing MPD systems have limited capabilities for real-time calculation and analysis in the absence of downhole pressure measurement data, hindering accurate guidance for real-time calculation, analysis, and control decision recommendations in both conventional and precise MPD ***, based on on-site engineering logging, real-time data from MPD operations, a branch decision tree was established to automatically determine the operational conditions of MPD. This achieved real-time identification of 11 drilling conditions. Starting from the characteristics of two-phase fluid flow in the annulus, coupling wellbore pressure and formation fluid invasion, a predictive model for annular pressure distribution during MPD was established. This model facilitated the calculation, determination, and recommendation of the pre-control value for wellhead backpressure. Building upon theoretical research, a MPD calculation, analysis, and control decision system was developed. Field testing and validation indicated that the system could simulate and analyze wellbore pressure and wellhead backpressure values, automatically identify drilling conditions and downhole complexities. The average error between the calculated and measured values of the standpipe pressure was 1.88%. The accuracy of the predicted wellhead backpressure values based on safe operating conditions compared to the actual controlled values reached 89.8%. This system achieved real-time calculation, analysis, and control decision-making based on real-time engineering parameters, enhancing the reliability and timeliness of wellhe

关键词： Wellheads

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Achieving Improved Drilling Performance with Hole Cleaning technology in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells in Sichuan Basin of China

Achieving Improved Drilling Performance with Hole Cleaning T...

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2021 International Petroleum technology Conference, IPTC 2021

作者： Ji, Guodong Wang, Haige Huang, Hongchun Cui, Meng Yulong, Feixue Ma, Ying Sun, Xiaofeng CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina China Northeast Petroleum University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997314

The horizontal section length of shale gas horizontal wells in Sichuan Basin in the south-west of China generally exceeds 2000m. Cuttings are apt to accumulate and form cuttings beds along such long and curve horizontal sections due to low cuttings carrying capacity, which often results in excessive torque and drag or even stuck pipes during drilling process. According to the statistics dada inthe period of Jan. - Oct. 2019, more than 25 stuck pipe incidents and 15 rotary steering tools loss in borehole were reported due to inefficient cuttings transportation in the long horizontal wells in Sichuan Basin. This paper studies the cuttings transportation and cuttings bed formation in horizontal wells. A prediction model for the distribution of cuttings bed was established. A monitoring and analysis software for the cuttings bed and cuttings cleaner with V-shaped spiral blades that is used to agitate the cuttings bed wasdeveloped. The software calculates the distribution and thickness of the cuttings bed according to the well trajectory, wellbore structure, drilling fluid characteristics, etc., and provides the optimal operating parameters for the removal of the cuttings bed by the rotating and reciprocating drill string. Then, the drill cuttings remover in the drill string moves to the predicted position of the drill cuttings, scrapes the drill cuttings and creates a swirling flow during the pipe rotation. The combined application of software and makeup remover can effectively solve the issue of borehole cleaning in long horizontal wells. One of the field applications was carried out in the well Ning 209H12, a shale gas horizontal well in Sichuan Basin. The well experienced excessive torque and drag issue during the tripping of drill string of long horizontal section. Thesoftware ran based on oil well data, and it determines the placement and thickness of cuttings beds in the well and calculates the optimal operating parameters for a flow rate of about 32L/s and a spee

关键词： Horizontal wells

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Injectivity Decline Under Langmuirian Pore Blocking: Analytical Model and Field Cases

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Huifeng Osipov, Yuri Yuan, Zebo Chen, Zhangxin Liu, Qi Liu, Bingshan CNPC R&D（DIFC）Company Limited Dubai United Arab Emirates Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Moscow Russia PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Xinjiang Korla China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary CalgaryAB Canada CNPC Engineering Technology Research and Development Company Limited Beijing China

The well injectivity decline during waterflooding is a widespread phenomenon. The reason is that injected particles retain in pores and block flow channels in near-wellbore regions, yielding permeability decline. A predictive model for this phenomenon is useful for technology development of damage prevention, mitigation or removal. Previous works assume constant filtration coefficient while long-time accumulation of captured particles can cause significant variation of filtration coefficient, strongly affecting the permeability and injectivity decline. In this paper, an analytical model for radial suspension transport in porous media is based on the Langmuirian blocking filtration function, where the particle capture probability linearly depends on the retained concentration. The solution is obtained as an asymptotic expansion using the dimensionless distance from wellbore as a small parameter. The exact expression of retained particle concentration at the concentration front is also obtained. For comparison, numerical solutions are also obtained by Shampine’s code, which is based on the explicit central finite deference method. Comparisons between the analytical and numerical solutions of retained particle concentration show that their difference errors do not exceed 5% in waterflooding conditions. Based on the analytical solution of retained particle concentration, expressions of injection pressure, skin factor and damaged zone radius are also derived. True water injection and damage removal treatment data from Tarim Oilfield, western China, is used to test the analytical solutions of damaged zone radius. It shows that the calculated results are basically consistent with the actual situation. The analytical expressions in this paper can be used for predicting the damage extent of an injector and quantitatively optimizing an acidizing job by estimating the required acid volume to remove the damage. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Analytical models

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