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Fracture geometry and breakdown pressure of radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers

Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 430-444页

作者： Yu-Ning Yong Zhao-Quan Guo Shou-Ceng Tian Lu-Yao Ma Tian-Yu Wang Mao Sheng National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Beijing Petroleum Machinery Company Limited CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company LimitedBeijing102206China Smart Energy Co. LtdChina Xiongan GroupXiong’an New Area071000HebeiChina

radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas *** paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure characteristics of radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers.A series of laboratory experiments with artificial rock samples(395 mm×395 mm×395 mm)was conducted using a true triaxial fracturing *** crucial factors corresponding to the vertical distance of adjacent radial borehole layers(vertical distance),the azimuth and diameter of the radial borehole are *** results show that radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers generates diverse fracture *** types of fractures are identified based on the connectivity between hydraulic fractures and radial *** vertical distance significantly influences fracture propagation perpendicular to the radial borehole *** increase in the vertical distance impedes fracture connection across multiple radial borehole layers and reduces the fracture propagation distance along the radial borehole *** azimuth also influences fracture propagation along the radial borehole *** the azimuth reduces the guiding ability of radial boreholes,which makes the fracture quickly curve to the maximum horizontal stress *** breakdown pressure correlates with diverse fracture geometries *** the fractures connect multi-layer radial boreholes,increasing the vertical distance decreases the breakdown *** the azimuth and increasing the diameter also decrease the breakdown *** extrusion force exists between the adjacent fractures generated in radial boreholes in multiple rows,which plays a crucial role in enhancing the guiding ability of radial boreholes and results in higher breakdown *** research provides valuable theoretical insights for the field application of radial borehole fracturing technology in tight oil and g

关键词： Multi-layer radial boreholes Hydraulic fracturing Fracture propagation Pressure characteristic

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Numerical Simulation of Long-term Stability of Irregular Underground Salt Caverns under Alternating Loads 58

Numerical Simulation of Long-term Stability of Irregular Und...

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58th US rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2024, ArMA 2024

作者： Chang, Zhi Xia, Yan Kun, dai Liu, Tianen Zhang, Qi Ban, Fansheng CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China National Engineering Research Center of Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology Beijing China NO.1 Drilling Engineering Company BHDC Tianjin China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China National Engineering Research Center of Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331305086

The proportion of green energy, such as photovoltaic and wind power, in power generation is increasing year by year. However, green energy often exhibits significant periodic fluctuations. Therefore, it is imperative to construct a large number of compressed air energy storage facilities to meet the daily demand for peak power regulation. Utilizing the dissolved cavity of salt rock layers to build underground salt cavern energy storage presents an economical and reliable solution due to the low permeability and self-repairing properties of salt rock. Nevertheless, most salt rock layers in China contain mudstone interlayers, which pose challenges in accurately controlling the shape of salt caverns during the water injection process within the dissolved cavity. This often results in irregularities, unevenness, and large curvatures near the mudstone interlayer within the cavity shape. Such irregularities on the inner wall of cavities pose a significant threat to long-term stability as they are prone to stress concentration and collapse. The present study establishes a sophisticated three-dimensional geometric model based on the geometry and geological conditions of underground salt caverns in the Hengyang area. Utilizing COMSOL, a numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the long-term creep stability of irregularly shaped salt caverns over a period of 30 years. The impact of salt cavern geometry on long-term stability is quantitatively assessed through key parameters such as volume shrinkage rate, plastic deformation, and stress concentration areas. Copyright 2024 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Caves

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Evaluation of the combined influence of geological layer property and in-situ stresses on fracture height growth for layered formations

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3222-3236页

作者： Peng Tan Zhao-Wei Chen Liu-Ke Huang Qing Zhao Sha-rui Shao CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China National Engineering Research Center for Oil&Gas Drilling and Completion Technology Beijing102206China School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Shale Gas Research Institute Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610500SichuanChina

Fracture geometry is important when stimulating low-permeability reservoirs for natural gas or oil production. The geological layer(GL) properties and contrasts in in-situ stress are the two most important parameters for determination of the vertical fracture growth extent and containment in layered rocks. However, the method for assessing the cumulative impact on growth in height remains ambiguous. In this research, a 3d model based on the cohesive zone method is used to simulate the evolution of hydraulic fracture(HF) height in layered reservoirs. The model incorporates fluid flow and elastic deformation, considering the friction between the contacting fracture surfaces and the interaction between fracture components. First, an analytical solution that was readily available was used to validate the model. Afterwards, a quantitative analysis was performed on the combined impacts of the layer interface strength, coefficient of interlayer stress difference, and coefficient of vertical stress *** results indicate that the observed fracture height geometries can be categorized into three distinct regions within the parametric space: blunted fracture, crossed fracture, and T-shaped ***, the results explained the formation mechanism of the low fracture height in the deep shale reservoir of the Sichuan Basin, China, as well as the distinction between fracture network patterns in mid-depth and deep shale reservoirs.

关键词： deep shale Hydraulic fracturing HF propagation Fracture interaction Cohesive zone method

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development of Intelligent Testing and Evaluation System for Fracturing Pump

Development of Intelligent Testing and Evaluation System for...

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International Petroleum and Petrochemical technology Conference 2024, IPPTC 2024

作者： Chen, Bing-deng Jin, Ling Zhang, Na Zhou, Zhi-Xiong Han, Xing Bai, Han-Qin CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China Beijing Kembl Petroleum Technology Co.Ltd Beijing China

Fracturing truck is the key technical equipment for oil and gas production stimulation. Fracturing pump of fracturing truck is subjected to high pressure load for a long time during use. due to the influence of many factors such as transportation and equipment aging, the performance of fracturing pump in field use is reduced and the output power is insufficient. In order to realize the on-site inspection of fracturing pump, a set of intelligent inspection and evaluation system of fracturing pump is developed. Through the establishment of the hardware test platform and the development of the software system, the intelligent inspection and evaluation system of fracturing pump with the features of one-click automatic detection, automatic analysis of performance indicators, intelligent prediction and maintenance of health status is realized. The system can support the static pressure test, water power test and overpressure protection test of 140MPa ultra-high pressure fracturing pump. Experimental tests show that the test accuracy of the equipment can effectively meet the detection and evaluation needs of the field fracturing truck, ensure the normal function through static pressure and water power detection, and determine the safety of the equipment through overpressure protection detection, which greatly improves the effect and efficiency of fracturing operations. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oil field equipment

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development and performance evaluation of a high temperature resistant, internal rigid, and external flexible plugging agent for water-based drilling fluids

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Petroleum 2023年第1期9卷 33-40页

作者： Zhe Xu Jinsheng Sun Li Li Kaihe Lv Jingping Liu Zhiwen dai Xianfa Zhang Zonglun Wang School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Changping10206China Oil&Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company Xi'an710000China

during the drilling process for oil and gas production,a larger number of drilling fluids invade the formation,causing severe formation damage and wellbore collapsing,which seriously hinders the efficient production of deep oil and *** several plugging agents have been developed for efficient fracture sealing in recent years,the development of high-performance plugging agents with self-adaptive ability and high-temperature resistance remain a ***,we report the synthesis of an internal rigid and external flexible plugging agent PANS by reversed-phase emulsion polymerization with nano-silica as the rigid core and poly(acrylamide-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone)as a flexible *** plugging agent has a median particle size of 10.5μm and can self-adapt to seal the microfractures and fractures in the formation,leading to an effective reduction in the filtration loss of bentonite water-based drilling fluid under both low temperature and low pressure(LTLP)and high temperature and high pressure(HTHP)*** addition,compared with the neat nano-silica(500 nm),the sealing efficiency of PANS toward 100–120 mesh sand bed was increased by 71.4%after hot rolling at 180°C.

关键词： Internal rigidity External flexibility Plugging agent Filter loss reduction Plugging performance

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Carbon nanotube enhanced water-based drilling fluid for high temperature and high salinity deep resource development

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Petroleum Science 2022年第2期19卷 916-926页

作者： Jing-Ping Liu Xian-Fa Zhang Wen-Chao Zhang Kai-He Lv Yin-rui Bai Jin-Tang Wang Xian-Bin Huang Jia-Feng Jin Jin-Sheng Sun College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing 102206China

drilling fluids face failure during drilling deep reservoir with high temperature and high *** experimental results show that high temperature and salinity reduce the negative charge on the surface of bentonite in the drilling fluid and cause the coalescence of bentonite *** a result,the particles coalesce,the grid structure is destroyed,and the rheological properties,rock-carrying capacity and filtration properties are *** resolve the foregoing,in this study,0.05-wt%carbon nanotubes are introduced into a 4%bentonite drilling fluid under conditions where the temperature and concentration of added Na Cl reach 180°C and 10 wt%,*** carbon nanotubes adsorb on the bentonite surface and increase the space among bentonite *** steric hindrance prevents the coalescence of bentonite in high temperature and high salt *** bentonite maintains the small size distribution of bentonite and supports the bentonite grid structure in the drilling *** a result,the rock-carrying capacity of the drilling fluid increases by 85.1%.Moreover,the mud cake formed by the accumulation of small-sized bentonite particles is dense;consequently,the filtration of bentonite drilling fluid reduced by 30.2%.

关键词： High temperature Water-based drilling fluid High salinity Carbon nanotube deep resources

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Comprehensive Evaluation of a Novel recrosslinkable Preformed Particle Gel for CO2 Sweep Efficiency and Storage Improvement 84

Comprehensive Evaluation of a Novel Recrosslinkable Preforme...

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84th EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition

作者： Bai, B. Long, Y. Al Brahim, A. Missouri University of Science and Technology United States CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781713884156

To overcome the inherent inferiors of pristine particle gel and in-situ polymer gels, such as the extrusion, dehydration, mechanical vulnerability and thereof defects, a new class of particle gels that can recrosslink at subterranean conditions, wherein maintaining stable in supercritical CO2, is described in this work. The newly developed particle gel is called CO2 resistant re-crosslinked preformed particle gel (CO2-rPPG). After being placed into target zone, the particles accumulate in the fractures or conduits and then self-recrosslink into a rubber-like bulk gel, which can block the target zone or bypassing zone, and thereby divert the chased fluid (e.g., CO2 or water) to the unswept zone. Therefore, the CO2-rPPG can be used to plug the preferential fluid flow channels in CO2 injection reservoirs and thus improve CO2 sweep efficiency and storage efficiency. In this paper, we will provide a comprehensive evaluation for the novel particle gel to tell where if it can used for CO2 flooding and storage projects for better plugging efficiency. results show the novel polymer particle gel provides a novel and cost-effective tool to control CO2 injection performance, improve sweep efficiency and storage efficiency for CO2 storage and EOr projects. © 2023 84th EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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research on Key Materials and Systems of Ultra High Temperature Cement Slurry for Ultra-deep Wells Cementing

Research on Key Materials and Systems of Ultra High Temperat...

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2024 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, APOGCE 2024

作者： Xia, Xiujian Yu, Yongjin Qi, Fengzhong Liu, Huiting Qu, Congfeng CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China National Engineering Research Center for Oil and Gas Drilling and Completion Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025269

With the continuous deepening of oil and gas exploration and development, the number of ultra-deep and ultra-high temperature wells is gradually increasing in China. The key materials and systems of cementing slurry are crucial for ensuring the safe construction of wells, effective sealing of cement sheath, and safe production of oil and gas. However, the complex working conditions such as ultra-high temperature pose serious challenges to the materials and systems of cement slurry. Focusing on the technical difficulties of ultra-high temperature cement slurry for deep and ultra-deep wells cementing, the cementing retarder, fluid loss additive, stabilizer, and set cement strength retrogression inhibitor with the temperature resistance of 240 ° C were developed through the technical methods, such as optimizing polymer molecular structure, surface modification of powder materials, and synergistic effects between materials. The novel cement slurry system with the temperature resistance of 240 ° C was formed on basis of the above-mentioned four key additives and their supporting materials. Its comprehensive performance was evaluated. The cement slurry system has the resistance to bottom hole circulating temperature of 240 ° C. After curing at 240 ° C, the settling stability of cement slurry can be controlled within 0.05 g/cm3, the API fluid loss is less than 50 mL, and its thickening time can be adjusted arbitrarily within 200 to 600 min, which is linearly related to the test temperature and retarder dosage. The compressive strength of set cement is 45.8 MPa and 55.2 MPa cured at 240 ° C for 2 d and 28 d, respectively. The comprehensive performance of the cement slurry system is excellent, solving a series of problems such as slurry instability, non-adjustable thickening time, uncontrollable water loss, cement stone cracking, and strength decline under ultra-high temperatures. It can meet the requirements of the ultra-high temperature cementing operations and long-term s

关键词： Cement additives

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Analysis and countermeasures of drilling challenges in complex ultra-deep exploration wells in thrust structural belt with multiple salt layers 6

Analysis and countermeasures of drilling challenges in compl...

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2023 6th International Workshop on Environment and Geoscience, IWEG 2023

作者： Zhang, Wei Zhou, Tuo Jin, Yulai Xiao, Yue Li, Hangyuan Baletabieke, Bahedaer Gu, Yixin CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China College of Petroleum Engineering Beijing China

The deep and ultra-deep zones of Bokhtar oilfield in Tajikistan are the critical blocks for future exploration and development, which are imbedded between two salt layers, accompany with four reservoir and cap assemblages of middle and upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene. The reservoir and cap assemblages of pre-salt carbonate and salt-gypsum cap have great potential. The complicated geological structure, uncertain formation and non-developed pre-salt formations made the critical challenges for drilling operation, including: (1) The difficult casing program design caused by peripheral compression and thrust of the basin, the complicated geological structure, the large geological difference above and below the salt layer, the unfaithful prediction of multiple sets of salt layer, great formation pressure uncertainty, and many sealing points;(2) The upper salt formations are featured by developed thrust belt and large dip angle, the contradiction between deviation prevention and drilling acceleration in high steep structure is prominent, and the wellbore quality is difficult to control;(3) due to the mud loss in upper salt layer, loss coexisted with blow out in the salt layer and inaccurate prediction of salt bottom, the drilling complexes such as mud loss, overflow and well collapse are occurred frequently;(4) Ultra-deep well depth (over 7000m), HTHP (180°C,140MPa), multiple salt layers and long open hole section made high requirements on high temperature resistance of drilling fluid, cementing slurry and downhole tools, as well as high drilling risk and cost. It is necessary to carry out the drilling difficulties investigation of ultra-deep exploration well under the consideration of pertinence, safety, applicability and economy, then formed the suitable drilling engineering plan for Bokhtar Block through the optimization of domestic and foreign advanced and mature deep and ultra-deep well technologies, which is used to provide the techni

关键词： Quality control

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research and application of rock mechanics evaluation method for drill cuttings in complex ultra-deep well 58

Research and application of rock mechanics evaluation method...

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58th US rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2024, ArMA 2024

作者： Chang, Long Wang, Haige Zhuo, Lubin Hao, Chen CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China National Engineering Research Center of Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331305086

Based on the automatic mineral analysis technology of drill cuttings, the evaluation of rock mechanical parameters of drill cuttings in complex ultra-deep wells is carried out, a rock physical model considering formation composition and structural characteristics is established, forming a new method for evaluating rock mechanical parameters based on cuttings measurement while drilling. The evaluation of rock mechanical parameters of complex ultra-deep drill cuttings has been completed for 8 wells. Through parameter calibration, the rock physical model has been improved, and the coincidence rate of rock mechanical parameters interpretation is over 90%. Through the profile construction of key rock mechanics parameters of cuttings while drilling in the well site, the formation pressure analysis while drilling was carried out, and realized dynamic optimization of complex ultra deep well engineering schemes based on rock cuttings measurement while drilling, thus ensuring the safe drilling of complex and ultra-deep wells. Copyright 2024 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Infill drilling

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