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2021 International Petroleum technology Conference, IPTC 2021

作者： Pan, Lijuan Liu, Huifeng Long, Wu Li, Jiaxue Li, Jianbo Liu, Qi Sinopec Northwest Petroleum Bureau Engineering Technology Research Institute Sinopec Key Laboratory for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured and Vuggy Reservoirs CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China China University of Petroleum Beijing @Keramay China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997314

Many mature gas reservoirs in China have very low formation pressure, like Yakela, dalaoba, Kekeya etc. The formation pressure coefficient ranges from 0.6 to 0.9. Conventional well killing fluids easily leak into the formation and damage the well productivity. There are alternative well killing fluids in the industry to kill low-pressure formations, including foamy fluid, oil-based emulsion fluid and well killing fluid with density reducing agent. However, the densities of these alternative well killing fluids are mostly higher than 0.8 g/cm3, and the cost is high if large volume of density reducing agent is used to decrease the density to lower than 0.8 g/cm3. In this paper, a formula of nitrogen foamy well killing fluid is developed and successfully used in sand removal operations in low-pressure gas reservoirs. A series of tests are conducted to select the optimal foaming agent, foam stabilizer and other additives. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is selected as the foaming agent. However, the properties of Sodium dodecyl sulfate are not stable in hard water, so we use dodecyl dimethyl betaine with sodium dodecyl sulfate together to increase the foaming ability in tough water environment like in the desert area. Xanthan gum is selected as a foam stabilizer because it can thicken the fluid phase and reduce the drainage speed. Gelatin is also added into the formula because it can form stable coacervate with xanthan gum. The concentration of each additive is also optimized through lots of tests. Then the properties of the foamy well killing fluid are tested. Its density is between 0.50-0.80 g/cm3 and is adjustable. Under the temperature of 150°C, its plastic viscosity is 51mPa.s;its yield point is 51.5 Pa;the half-life period reaches 3055min. These basic properties meet the requirements of being used as well killing fluid. Salinity tolerance and oil resistance tests are also conducted to see the toughest environment that the fluid can be used in. The results show that the for

关键词： Sodium dodecyl sulfate

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Multiphysics Simulation of the Modified Flux Coupling Type SFCL in VSC-HVdC Network

Multiphysics Simulation of the Modified Flux Coupling Type S...

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Iranian Conference on Electrical engineering (ICEE)

作者： Mohammad Khakroei Ashkan Mirzaei rajeooni Mahdi rahimi Pirbasti Hossein Heydari MAPNA Electric & Control Engineering & Manufacturing Company (MECO) Alborz Iran Department of Engineering and R&D MAPNA Generator Engineering and Manufacturing Company (PARS) Alborz Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Tehran Iran

ISBN: (数字)9798350376340

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376357

In spite of many justifications for the implementation of VSC-HVdC systems, one of the key barriers to implementing these systems is the lack of appropriate dC circuit breakers in high capacities. A superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) can quickly limit the short circuit current and effectively decrease the tension on the dC circuit breaker. In this paper, a modified flux-coupling type SFCL (MFC-SFCL) has been proposed to prevent surge current in VSC-HVdC power systems, which has better performance than what has previously been presented. These are achieved by multi-physical simulations of an MFC-SFCL which depend on the interaction effects the three critical superconductivity parameters have together: temperature, current, and magnetic field. As such, the incorporation model on detail involves an interplay or synergy among electrical conductivity, magnetic, and thermal properties. This modeling needs advanced numerical techniques for performing the concurrent processing of the Multiphysics simulations using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Moreover, the study of the leakage flux densities and the corresponding electromagnetic forces on the superconducting coils of the SFCL under short circuit conditions is a further object of this paper.

关键词： Couplings Temperature Short-circuit currents Circuit breakers Thermal conductivity Numerical models Finite element analysis

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Comparison of bottom hole pressure acting modes between conventional hydraulic fracturing and pulsating hydraulic fracturing 55

Comparison of bottom hole pressure acting modes between conv...

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55th U.S. rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2021

作者： Hou, Y.N. Peng, Y. Liu, Y.S. Chen, Z.X. Quan, Z.H. dong, J.N. China University of Petroleum-Beijing Changping Beijing China University of Calgary Calgary Canada The Second Gas Production Plant SINOPEC Southwest Oil and Gas Company Langzhong China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781713839125

The pulsating hydraulic fracturing (PHF) technology generates a pulse pressure wave at a wellhead and then propagates this pulse pressure wave to the wellbore end to fracture the rock. Compared with the conventional hydraulic fracturing (CHF), PHF can induce more complex hydraulic fracture network with lower breakdown pressure. However, the difference of bottom hole pressure (BHP) acting modes between CHF and PHF is still not clear. In this study, the BHP of CHF was calculated by the conventional-BHP model, while the BHP for PHF was obtained by the transient flow model and the method of characteristic. The BHPs during the PHF for different input frequencies ranging from 0.01 Hz to 20 Hz were calculated. In addition, the difference of BHP acting modes between the CHF and PHF was analyzed and illustrated. results show that the BHP of the CHF is a constant pressure that smaller than the wellhead pressure. In contrast, the BHP of PHF is a pulse pressure with the same frequency as the input frequency when the input frequency is smaller than 10 Hz. Moreover, the amplitudes of BHPs for different input frequencies fluctuate with the input frequencies, and there are 17 pressure peaks for input frequencies ranging from 0.01 Hz to 20 Hz. According to the Vibration Theory, these 17 pressure peaks are induced by the resonance phenomenon and the corresponding frequencies are resonance frequencies. By optimizing the input frequency, a pulse BHP with an amplitude that is two times of the input amplitude at the wellhead can be obtained. These results provide guidance for the design and optimization of PHF construction parameters. © 2021 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Geological and engineering Sweet Spots of Shale Gas reservoir: A Case Study of the Luzhou Block, Sichuan Basin

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第11期12卷 1021-1039页

作者： Yuan Wang Jianfa Wu Li Fu Haoyong Huang Gang Chen Cheng Chang CNPC Engineering Technology R & D Company Limited Beijing China Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company of CNPC Chengdu China

There is a huge amount of marine shale gas resources in the southern Sichuan Basin in China, and most of the resources are at the buried depth of 3500 - 4500 meters. At present, deep shale gas is in the early stage of exploration and development. In order to achieve large-scale efficient development, in addition to optimizing favorable blocks, it is also to identify the optimal target in the vertical direction combine geology, drilling, and fracturing. Therefore, Taking the Longmaxi formation shale in the Luzhou block as the research object, based on drilling, logging, and core experiment data, through single well and 3d geomechanical modeling methods, analyze the characteristics of organic matter abundance, porosity, pore pressure, collapse pressure, mineral composition and in-situ stress of different layers of shale in Longmaxi formation. Systematically summarized the main controlling factors of the “sweet spot” of deep shale gas and establish the comprehensive evaluation system of deep shale gas “sweet spots”, to clarify the optimal “sweet spots” of geology, drilling, and fracturing in the Longmaxi reservoir. results show that the total organic carbon content, porosity, and gas saturation of the long111 layer are higher than other layers. The Long111 layer has a low collapse pressure and a high compressive strength, the risk of wellbore instability is relatively low. The stress difference coefficient of All layers is less than 0.3, and the brittleness index of the Long111 layer is 62.35%. A complex fracture network is easier to form after fracturing. The conclusion shows that the Long111 layer is the optimal reservoir section of the Longmaxi Formation. Ensure the drilled rate of the Long111 layer and maximize the length of the horizontal section can obtain higher production.

关键词： deep Shale Gas Geological Sweet Spots engineering Sweet Spots Geomechanical Modeling

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Three-dimensional geomechanical model establishment and application based on complicated structures in yingxi area of qinghai oilfield 54

Three-dimensional geomechanical model establishment and appl...

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54th U.S. rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Qian, Wang Youyu, Wan Changkun, Cheng Shiduo, Liu Xinyuan, Feng Youmin, Liu CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China Petrochina Qinghai Oilfield Company Dunhuang Gansu China

The Yingxi deep reservoir of Qinghai oilfield is very complicated. The reservoir has strong heterogeneity. The degree of fracture developed highly. The physical properties and in-situ stress vary widely. The geological structure is complex and there are many high-angle thrust faults. For such a complicated reservoir, the comprehensive evaluation in the stage of horizontal well design is an essential and important means to improve the production after hydraulic fracturing reconstruction. Well-seismic combination method is adopted to realize the expansion from "single well" to "reservoir". On the basis of one-dimensional geomechanical analysis, in combination with structural, geological and seismic data, the three-dimensional geomechanical parameter model was built, and detailed characterization of geomechanical parameters was described. Using advanced finite element simulator and large-scale parallel computing technology, a regional three-dimensional in-situ stress field model is established. On the basis of understanding the factors that affect the complexity of hydraulic fractures, it is realized that natural fractures, in-situ stress and brittleness are the main factors in the area. Completion quality index model is established by evaluating the characteristics of natural fractures, in-situ stress and brittleness. Combined with reservoir quality, the comprehensive evaluation index of reservoir was obtained. Fracturing stage optimization and perforation position optimization were carried out. © 2020 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association

关键词： Fracture mechanics

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Multidimensional Lost Circulation risk Quantification Assessment Model Based on Ensemble Machine Learning

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SPE Journal 2025年第5期30卷 2285-2295页

作者： Mu, Huayan Jiang, Guancheng Zhang, Wei Sun, Jinsheng He, Yinbo dong, Tengfei Feng, Qi Wang, Quande Yang, Lili College of Artificial Intelligence China University of Petroleum (Beijing) State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) (Corresponding author) College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing PetroChina National College of Excellence Engineer Beijing College of Science China University of Petroleum (Beijing)

Summary. The risk of lost circulation is a complex problem that cannot be ignored during drilling operations, and accurate risk assessment is crucial for preventing and controlling lost circulation events. In this study, we establish a multidimensional lost circulation quantitative risk assessment model based on ensemble machine learning, comprehensively considering three dimensions—formation risk, drilling operation risk, and fluid circulation risk. It can effectively capture and quantify the complex interactive relationship between different risk factors, and the accuracy and efficiency of lost circulation risk assessment can be improved when ensemble machine learning algorithms determine different dimensional risk weights. The results of example verification show that when the threshold of the lost circulation risk index is set to 0.55, in the set of 442 samples drilled in a certain block, the assessment accuracy is 85.02% in the samples without lost circulation and 70.21% in the samples with lost circulation. This result reflects the uncertainty of the occurrence of lost circulation events in field operations, the difference in accuracy between the two categories is approximately 15%, and this error is within an acceptable range (0.1~0.2). The independent variable parameters of each dimension of risk in the model can be adjusted according to the actual situation of different blocks, and different lost circulation index thresholds and correction factors can be set. The established model has high adaptability, which can guide lost circulation prevention and control.

关键词： circulation risk geologist drilling fluids and materials geology risk management decision tree learning annular pressure drilling reservoir geomechanics calculation formula circulation event

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A Novel Fourble Land rig and its Application in Ultra deep Well drilling

A Novel Fourble Land Rig and its Application in Ultra Deep W...

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2021 International Petroleum technology Conference, IPTC 2021

作者： Chen, Peng Wang, Junjie ding, Mingming Yang, Xiuying Zhou, Tuo Zhong, Zhao CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co. Ltd. China CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Co. Ltd. China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997314

A traditional land rig uses tribble in drilling operation. A novel fourble land rig using four joints as a unit has been researched and developed in order to promote operational efficiency in ultra deep well drilling. design, overall plan and crucial techniques as well as the field application result of the fourble drilling rig are presented in this paper. The fourble land drilling rig was studied based on the conventional tribble rig which utilizes three joints as a unit or a tribble. However, the novel rig adopts four joints as a unit or a fourble. Therefore, the improvement of the drilling operational efficiency could be realized by extending the length of the stand, reducing trip time and frequency, and increasing the high speed operational time of the travelling block. The extra high derrick design, fourble handling and drum roping techniques of the 9000m fourble land rig were researched. The fourble land drilling rig with nominal drilling depth of 9, 000m was designed and manufactured. The heights of the derrick and racking platform of the fouble rig were increased. The rig is able to run in hole and pull out of hole the fourble united by four joints. The high speed tripping distance gets longer, and the setback capacity gets increased. Ultra deep well drilling in the piedmont zone of Tarim basin in Xinjiang, China showed the reliable integral performance and substantial enhancement of drilling speed. The average drilling time using the fourble rig could be 15%-30% decreased as compared to that of the traditional tribble rig. The cycle of drilling would be cut down and cost of drilling would be reduced for ultra deep wells by means of the fourble rig. Oil and gas reservoirs were deep buried in depths of 7, 000m-9, 000m in the submountain area of Tarim basin where the ultra deep wells drilling are increasingly growing. The novel fourble land rig was developed in high demand of efficient drilling of ultra deep wells. It filled the gap of China's drilling rig ser

关键词： Infill drilling

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Improving the Performance of a Polyamine Shale Inhibitor by Introducing a Hydrophobic Group in Oil and Gas development

SSRN

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SSrN 2023年

作者： Huang, Xianbin dai, Zhiwen Zhang, Chao Lv, Kaihe Meng, Xu Wang, ren Lalji, Shaine Muhammadali Khan, Muhammad Arqam Ministry of Education Qingdao266580 China Qingdao266580 China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co. Ltd. Beijing102206 China NED University of Engineering & Technology Karachi75270 Pakistan

Wellbore instability in complex shale formations is a major technical problem that restricts drilling safety and efficiency. In this paper, a hydrophobic cationic polyamine shale inhibitor (HCPA) was prepared by introducing a hydrophobic group into the molecular structure of an amine-based shale inhibitor having a branched structure. The shale inhibition performance of HCPA and the amine-based shale inhibitor without the hydrophobic group (CPA) was investigated. The hydration inhibition mechanism of HCPA was studied by experiments of zeta potential, particle size, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (Xrd), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIr), et al. The evaluation results show that HCPA had a better performance than CPA in terms of inhibition of hydration swelling, hydration dispersion and mud making, which indicates that the hydrophobic group is beneficial to improve the inhibition ability of the amine-based shale inhibitor. Mechanism study show that there is no hydrogen bond between HCPA and clay. The adsorption on the clay surface is mainly driven by electrostatic interaction, which reduces the repulsion of the electric double layer and thus inhibits the osmotic hydration of clay. HCPA could greatly increase the water contact angle of the rock and the mud cake. The contact angle of the rock and mud cake could reach 133° and 69.5°, respectively, when the concentration of HCPA is 0.5%. TGA and Xrd tests proved the bentonite modified by HCPA had a lower weight loss of at 200 °C than bentonite modified by CPA, and interlayer spacing of HCPA-modified bentonite was reduced compared with that of unmodified bentonite, indicating that the ability of bentonite to adsorb water molecules is reduced after the introduction of hydrophobic groups. This can effectively inhibit the surface hydration of clays. In addition, HCPA can reduce the imbibition capacity of rocks by reducing the surface tension of water. This paper can provide theor

关键词： Bentonite

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Triple-Cladding Ytterbium doped Fiber for 12 kW Single Module

Triple-Cladding Ytterbium Doped Fiber for 12 kW Single Modul...

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2023 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference/2023 International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings, ACP/POEM 2023

作者： Meng, Yue Xu, Zuying Shi, Xudong Li, Yu Liu, Tianying Li, Can Yan, Xiao Zheng, Wei Wang, Heng Yu, Jiangang Zhao, Zhiyong Tang, Ming Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company Optical Fiber R&d Center Everfoton Technologies Corp Oration Limited State Key Laboratory of Optic Al Fiber and Cable Manufactu Re Technology Wuhan30070 4 China Everfoton Technologies Corp Oration Limited Optical Fiber R&d Center Wuhan China & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350312614

High power continuous-wave ytterbium-doped fiber lasers have unique advantages such as high electro-optical efficiency, excellent beam quality and good thermal management, and are widely used in industrial materials processing and scientific research. However, multi-kW (\geqslant 10kW) high-power fiber lasers has encountered numerous technology challenges in double-cladding fibers. In this work, we designed and fabricated a triple-cladding ytterbium doped fiber with large core diameter by using Modified Chemical Vapor deposition (MCVd) combined with all-gas-phase doping method. An excellent laser performance could be demonstrated for such a fiber with an output power of more than 10 kW and a slope efficiency of 82%, no Transverse Mode instability (TMI) is observed. Long-term laser stability at 12 kW-level was carried out in a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser system for 500 hours with power degradation less than 1%, meanwhile a stimulated raman scattering (SrS) suppression ratio that is larger than 45dB was obtained. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： fiber laser high-power long-term reliability photo-darkening triple cladding

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Study and Analysis of Casing/Tool Contamination and damage during Fluid Circulation of drilling Fluids in Ultra-deep Wells

SSRN

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SSrN 2023年

作者： Song, Hanxuan Guo, Jixiang Kiyingi, Wyclif Chen, Xiangwei Li, Binru Zhang, Shiling ruiying, Xiong Li, Wang Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

In drilling ultra-deep wells, the drilling fluid circulation usually causes erosion damage to downhole casing and drilling tools. However, the extent and process of this damage to the downhole tools is intricate and less understood. In order to systematically evaluate and clarify this damage process for different types of drilling fluid contamination, this research uses a high-temperature drilling fluid damage device to simulate the damage caused to the casing/drilling tools by various drilling fluids under a field thermal gradient. Several methods have been applied, such as micro-observation, roughness scanning, compositional detection, contact angle measurement to evaluate this damage to the metal samples. After simulated erosion damage, the metal samples were analyzed from multiple angles and in all directions. The results show that the drilling fluid residues are mainly solid-phase particles and organic components. The degree of casing/tool damage decreases with an increase in bottom hole temperature, and the casing/tool is least damaged within a temperature range of 150-180°C. Moreover, the surface of the casing/tool damaged by different types of drilling fluids shows different roughness, and the wettability of drilling fluids on the casing/tool surface increases with an increase in the degree of roughness. Oil-based muds have the strongest adhesion contamination on casing/drilling tools among the drilling fluids. In contrast, polysulfonated potassium muds and ultramicro drilling fluids have the most potent erosion damage on casing/drilling tools. By analyzing the damage mechanism, it was established that the damage was mainly dominated by the abrasive wearing from solid-phase particles in concert with corrosion ions in drilling fluids, with solids producing many abrasion marks and corrosive ions causing a large number of pits. The synergistic effect from the two mud constituents exacerbates the extent to which drilling fluids damage the casing/drilling tools.

关键词： Contamination

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