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Optimal selection and effect evaluation of re-fracturing intervals in shale gas horizontal wells

Natural Gas Industry B 2019年第1期6卷 79-85页

作者： Li, Yanchao He, Yunbin Xiao, Jianfeng Shi, Xiaozhi Feng, Qiang Yin, Congbin Downhole Service Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd. Chengdu 610052 Sichuan China National Energy Shale Gas R&D (Experiment) Center Chengdu 610052 Sichuan China CNPC Oilfield Technology Service Company Beijing 100007 China Shale Gas E&D Project Department CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd. Chengdu 610052 Sichuan China

The monitoring results of production logging show that almost one third of perforation clusters produce no or less gas after volumetric fracturing is initially applied in shale gas reservoirs. Besides, the production decline after the commissioning is commonly faster. In this paper, a fracture network prediction model and a fracturing well productivity prediction model were established based on microseismic interpretation data and hydraulic fracture network propagation results. After petrophysics, microseism, production performance were taken into consideration comprehensively, shale re-fracturing development potential evaluation index (rdPEI) was proposed. Then, a re-fracturing design and evaluation method was developed and targeted interval selection and evaluation was realized and applied on site. And the following research results were obtained. First, due to the heterogeneity of natural fractures, hydraulic fracture networks are more different, so an obvious “dead gas zone” can be easily formed and its re-fracturing potential is high. Second, the initial hydraulic fracture network is more affected by natural fractures. The main part of a fracture network propagates along the direction of maximum horizontal major stress, the fractures in regional stimulated intervals propagate in the form of double wing, and the length of a liquid swept fracture network is 52–70% of seismic interpretation result. Third, the rdPEI model avoids the limitations of single factor analysis and realizes the quantitative prediction on three types of indexes of recoverability, compressibility and re-fracturing. Fourth, re-fracturing of the case well is remarkable in stimulation effect. Its shale gas productivity is increased by 38.9%, and its cumulative gas production in one year is increased by 62.5%. In conclusion, re-fracturing is an effective and feasible method for improving the single well ultimate recovery reserves of shale gas. This method provides a theoretical and technical sup

关键词： Fracture network propagation Microseismic Prediction Production decline Productivity re-fracturing Shale gas Single-well ultimate recoverable reserves

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Failure mechanism of sulfur transport jacketed pipeline induced by the combined effects of steam erosion and wet sulfur corrosion

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engineering Failure Analysis 2025年 178卷

作者： Jingjing Jiang Lihua Huang Zicheng Peng Jing Yan Ganghua Huang Yongfan Tang Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company Chengdu Sichuan China National Energy R&D Center of High Sulfur Gas Exploitation Chengdu Sichuan China High Sulfur Gas Exploitation Pilot Test Center CNPC Chengdu Sichuan China PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company Chengdu Sichuan China

double-layer jacketed pipelines are crucial for the economical, efficient, and safe transportation of sulfur in natural gas purification plants. However, several plants in the Sichuan and Chongqing regions have faced perforation and leakage issues with their liquid sulfur jacketed pipelines during routine operations, hindering long-term stable operation. Taking a specific purification plant as a case study, a comprehensive failure analysis was conducted on its jacketed pipeline, which had been in operation for less than two years. Techniques such as physical and chemical property analysis, Xrd, XPS, SEM, EdS, and metallographic examination were employed. The analysis showed that the pipeline’s chemical composition met the standard requirements, its microstructure was normal, and material quality was satisfactory. Corrosion morphology and product analysis revealed internal-to-external corrosion perforation. Considering the actual operating conditions, it was hypothesized that corrosion and impact stress on the inner and outer walls of the pipeline in the liquid sulfur, sulfur vapor, and water vapor environment led to the formation of a weak zone. Based on these findings, design optimization and process parameter adjustments are recommended to enhance the safe operation and management of such pipelines.

关键词： Internal corrosion

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An extended finite element method for hydro-mechanically coupled analysis of mud loss in naturally fractured formations 53

An extended finite element method for hydro-mechanically cou...

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53rd U.S. rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Xia, Yang Jin, Yan Huang, Zhao Lu, Yunhu Wang, Hanqing State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing China CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China

In computational simulations of drilling mud flow in fractured formations, consideration of interactions between the fracture networks and the porous rock requires an appropriate coupling procedure from the local fractures to the scale of typical finite elements in poromechanics problems. A hydro-mechanically coupled model is developed in this paper to characterize drilling mud flow in naturally fractured formations. Especially, the mud leak-off from fractures into the matrix is described by a new method. The finite element equations are derived for the model and integrated over time. By exploiting the partition-of-unity property of the finite element shape functions, the position and direction of the fractures are independent from the underlying discretization. The resulting discrete equations are non-linear due to the non-linearity of the leak-off effect, and the Newton–raphson method is used to solve the nonlinear equations. Simulation results show that the fracture deformation and leak-off effect both have significant impacts on mud loss volume, especially the expansion of the fracture network due to mud invasion can further increase the cumulative mud loss volume. The presented model improves the accuracy of the mud loss prediction, and thereby results in a more realistic characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs. Copyright 2019 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Fracture

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Fracture hits analysis for parent-child well development 53

Fracture hits analysis for parent-child well development

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53rd U.S. rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Anusarn, Sangnimnuan Li, Jiawei Wu, Kan Wang, Yonghong Shi, Xiaozhi Yin, Congbin Li, Yanchao Texas A and M University College StationTX United States CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd Chengdu China

during the progression from Hold By Production to infill drilling, operators usually encounter the frac hits and cause communication between parent and infill wells. Well communication is often detrimental to both parent and infill wells. However, the mechanisms of frac hits have not been thoroughly studied. Hence, to optimize parent-infill well development, we will study fracture propagation in infill wells and investigate frac hits between infill and parent wells. We have developed an efficient coupled fluid flow and geomechanics model to characterize stress change in reservoirs with complex fracture geometry. The reservoir geomechanics model will be used to characterize spatial and temporal evolution of stress state due to depletion of the parent well. Based on updated heterogeneous reservoir stress state, an in-house hydraulic fracture model is used to simulate dynamic fracture propagation in infill wells and investigate frac hits. The results indicate that an unfavorable fracture geometry is generated in infill wells. Pressure sink induced by depletion decreases the magnitude of reservoir principle stresses. Hence, fractures in the infill well tend to propagate toward the depleted region of the parent well and generate an unsymmetrical fracture geometry in the two sides of the infill well, resulting in fracture hits. Furthermore, pressure sink also changes the orientation of principle stresses, which induce fractures in the infill well changing propagation direction and hitting pre-existing fractures in the parent well. This paper will help understand mechanisms of parent well production loss and lower-than-expected production rate of infill wells. This work can also provide critical insights to mitigating frac hits for parent-infill well development and well spacing optimization. Copyright 2019 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Fracture

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Sustainable rosin acid ester as internal electron donors in Ziegler-Natta catalysts for synthesis of isotactic polypropylene with high melt flow rate

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Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2021年第10期58卷 686-693页

作者： Jiaojiao Zhang Hongchao Yu Xiaoqi Xia Shaomeng Zhang Qigu Huang Chunman Li Qing Miao Feng Zhu Jianjun Yi Zhong Zhao a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education the College of Material Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China b CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation PetroChina Pipeline R&D Center Beijing Hebei Province China c Petrochemical Research Institute PetroChina Beijing China

In this contribution, novel bio-derived rosin acid ester compounds have been developed and used as internal electron donors to prepare MgCl2supported titanium catalysts for propylene polymerization. The results of the polymerization showed that tri-n-amyl maleate, triiso-amyl maleate and tri-n-heptyl maleate as internal electron donors in Ziegler-Natta catalysts all have high polymerization activity and stereoregularity. In particular, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst with tri-n-amyl maleate as the internal electron donor has the highest activity (up to 33.4 kgPP·gCat−1·h−1) for propylene polymerization and the isotacticity of polypropylene is as high as 96.8% determined by13C NMr. Simultaneously, the obtained polypropylene with a relatively broad molecular weight distribution of 9.0 and melt flow rate of 160.3 g/10 min, which is beneficial to processing and has practical industrial application value when used as the basic material of melt blown cloth for medical *** Abstract

关键词： Bio-derived rosin acid esters internal electron donors Ziegler-Natta catalyst polypropylene polymerization

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Study on operation strategy of aquifer underground gas storage using CO2 as cushion gas

Study on operation strategy of aquifer underground gas stora...

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Carbon Management technology Conference 2019, CMTC 2019

作者： Mu, Lingyu Liao, Xinwei Yu, Qiang Hao, Litao Zhang, Jingtian Zhao, Jinglei Wu, Jiaqi Beijing China PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi'an China Petro China Jidong Oilfield Company Tangshan China CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997246

The cushion gas is indispensable to maintain the reservoir pressure, prevent the water intrusion and ensure the stability of underground gas storage (UGS). Considering the good thermodynamic properties, economic benefit and carbon storage, CO2 is the ideal option for the cushion gas. However, it is inevitable that the cushion will mix with the working gas during the operation of gas storage, which reduces the thermal enthalpy and even changes the pressure dynamics of the reservoir. It is important to research how to control the injection of CO2 to operate the UGS *** paper demonstrates the feasibility of CO2 as the cushion gas and develops an operation strategy for aquifer UGS. The numerical simulation method with consideration of the effect of the dissolution of CO2 in water and the diffusion between the gases is adopted to model the injection and production process of UGS with CO2 as cushion gas. Firstly, the feasibility of CO2 is demonstrated through the analyses of physical properties and mixing characteristics of CO2 and CH4. Then, the dynamics of UGS is analyzed and the influential factors are discussed. Eventually, the optimum operation strategy is recommended. This work can provides a better understanding of the dynamics of UGS and a scientific basis for the efficient operation of gas storage and production. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of CO2 as the cushion gas, and develops an operation strategy for aquifer UGS, which provides a scientific basis for the efficient operation of gas storage. © 2019 Carbon Management technology Conference 2019, CMTC 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Stress-sensitivity analysis of rock mechanical and petrophysical properties of fractured tight sandstone under true-triaxial stresses in the laboratory

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第2期861卷

作者： Jiaying Li Chunyan Qi Ye Gu Yu Ye Jie Zhang Tuo Zhou CNPC USA Corporation Beijing 100020 China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing 102206 China CNPC Tarim Oilfield Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

In the process of oilfield production, effective stresses usually increase continuously and act as unequal triaxial stresses on the reservoir. However, most studies on rock stress sensitivity are conducted under conventional triaxial or uniaxial stress conditions, which cannot truly represent the in situ stress environment. In this work, two groups of fractured tight sandstones sampled from northwestern China were tested under true-triaxial stress environments to study the stress sensitivity of mechanical and petrophysical properties. The sandstones are elastically deformed under experimental stress conditions, showing an apparent correlation with fracture angles. The acoustic wave velocity increases linearly with the stresses, and the shear wave velocity is strongly affected by fracture angle and anisotropic effective stresses. The permeabilities decrease exponentially and show significant anisotropy with increasing effective stress, which is less stress sensitive when the fracture strike is parallel to the maximum horizontal principal stress than when it is perpendicular. This work successfully reveals the stress sensitivity of anisotropic permeability, stress-strain behavior, and acoustic wave velocity of fractured tight sandstone during reservoir depletion. The testing results provide an innovative method to accurately measure the anisotropic rock properties, offer new ideas about fractures identification, and have profound significance for exploration and development of tight reservoirs.

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Measurement device for near-bit dynamic parameters while drilling 26

Measurement device for near-bit dynamic parameters while dri...

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26th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2019

作者： Li, Ning Jia, Hengtian Teng, Xueqing Zhang, Quan Bo, Zhou Gao, Wenkai PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Research Institute of Oil and Gas Engineering Korla841000 China CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Downhole Control Engineering Department Beijing102206 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781999181000

In the process of oil and gas drilling engineering, measurement of downhole parameters while drilling is very important. Especially for the drilling of multi-branch wells and horizontal wells, the downhole condition is more complex, which leads to the increase of the incidence of drilling accidents. Accidents such as damage of drill tools and sticking often occur in the process of oil drilling. The occurrence of these accidents is closely related to the real-time engineering parameters of drilling. Therefore, real-time monitoring of downhole torque, drill-fluid pressure, rotation rate, annular pressure, vibration and other parameters are of great significance for well drilling and the prevent of accidents. Here we developed a kind of near-bit measurement system for dynamic parameters while drilling, which can measure the torque and weight on bit, pressure of drilling mud, rotational speed and triaxial vibration in real time while drilling. real-time analysis of the downhole data can be used to evaluate the performance of the downhole tools and prevent drilling accidents. The paper briefly introduced the work principles, composition and application of the system © Proceedings of the 26th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Infill drilling

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A dynamic model and application of the downhole drilling system with fluid-structure interaction 26

A dynamic model and application of the downhole drilling sys...

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26th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2019

作者： Li, Ning Hong, difeng Zhang, Quan Bo, Zhou Zhao, Li Gao, Wenkai PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Research Institute of Oil and Gas Engineering Korla841000 China CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Downhole Control Engineering Department Beijing102206 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781999181000

It is intended to present dynamic model of the drilling system consists of drillstring and drilling fluid. The drillstring is a sequence of Euler-Bernoulli beam elements with some constraints and loads. Its dynamic model is established by using the absolute nodal coordinate formulas (ANCF). The drilling fluid is composed of three sequences of one-dimensional compressible fluid elements. The three sequences represent internal, annulus and under-bit fluid each. The drilling fluid is modeled by using the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description, where the force of the drillstring acting on the drilling fluid is introduced through the drilling fluid transport motion, meanwhile, the reaction force acting on the drillstring is taken as an external load. The model also considers the boundary conditions in usual drilling engineering at the bit, at the top, at the connection and at the inner surface of the wellbore. Using this model, the coupled vibration of the drillstring and the effects of the drilling fluid are investigated through several examples © Proceedings of the 26th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： drilling fluids

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Theoretical Analysis of Proppant Embedment and Fracture Conductivity in Fractured reservoir

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第3期651卷

作者： Youyu Wan Tengfei Hou Changkun Cheng Hai Lin Xiangtong Yang Shiduo Liu Tingsong Xiong Yang Zhang Yu Ye Xinyuan Feng Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing P. R. China

Proppant embedment mainly accounts for diminishing fracture aperture and conductivity. The conductivity decrease could greatly restrict fluid flow, thereby affecting the well performance. In this paper, new mathematical models are derived to calculate the proppant embedment and fracture conductivity after hydraulic fracturing. These models take three crucial factors into consideration, including proppant instantaneous elastic deformation, the conductivity change over time, and effective fracture geometry and corresponding proppants amount. Fitting correction is performed for the new theoretical model based on the experimental data. The results show that the theoretical model proposed matches well with the experimental data. The fracture conductivity is in proportion to proppant viscosity, elastic modulus of proppant and in inverse proportion to closure pressure, while elastic modulus of rock and large value of formation rock viscosity have slight impact on fracture conductivity. Moreover, with the increase of proppant viscosity, it takes longer for the conductivity to come to the steady state. These new mathematical models can provide some insights for proppant size selection and sand ratio optimization of fracturing treatment, and it is also a good method to predict the proppant embedment and the fracture conductivity.

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