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2023 SPE Argentina Exploration and Production of Unconventional resources Symposium, LAUr 2023

作者： Liu, Huifeng Xu, Zhixiong Yuan, Zebo Han, Haochen Wen, Zhiming Li, Jianbo Song, Lu CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited CNPC R&D DIFC Company Limited PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613999752

The reservoir pressure coefficient is over 1.80 in the Kelasu foreland area in western China. Heavy mud weighted by ultra-micro barite is used to kill the well for downhole operations. For the wells that have been fractured, the mud easily leaks into the fractures, bringing barite weighting agent into the existing fractures and damaging the well productivity. re-fracturing is conducted in order to recover the well productivity, but abnormal pumping pressure and proppant screen-out is frequently encountered. Three typical wells that have encountered such problems were analyzed by construction data comparison and using the fracturing simulator StimPlan. The root causes were firstly theoretically analyzed and then laboratory tests were also carried out to verify our theoretical deductions. The comparison results show that the pressure for fracture extension during re-fracturing of the three wells is 20%-40% higher than the initial fracturing;the leakage of the heavy well killing fluid weighted by ultra-micro barite during downhole operations was the main cause of the abnormal pumping pressure and the proppant screen-out during re-fracturing. The laboratory test results showed that the properties of the ultra-micro barite well killing fluid is relatively good after rolling for 15 days under high temperature, but its density and rheological parameters tend to decline due to barite sedimentation;the invasion of the heavy well killing fluid into the matrix reduced the Young's modulus by 3%-5% but increased the Poisson's ratio by 102.42% maximally, which would consequently reduce the dynamic fracture width and lead to abnormally-high pumping pressure and proppant screen-out during re-fracturing. The damage of the heavy well killing fluid to the existing propped fractures was also serious. It reduced the propped fracture permeability by 50%-80% and the retained barite in the fracture was difficult to displace out. Several solutions have also been provided for wells with pote

关键词： Proppants

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A Novel Methodology to Improve Wellbore Integrity via reliable Barriers: Integration of remote Wireless Zonal Water Injection and Intelligent Water Control

A Novel Methodology to Improve Wellbore Integrity via Reliab...

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2023 Offshore technology Conference Brasil, OTCB 2023

作者： Jin, Fu Longlian, Cui Bingshan, Liu Guobin, Zhang Chen, Chen CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025023

More and more deep horizontal wells have been drilled over all the world, strata with much higher temperature are discovered, which increases the risk to wellbore integrity and has driven the evolution of zonal isolation methods. New methods aim to ensure that the completion equipment deployed by operating companies can guarantee the integrity of oil wells throughout their entire lifecycle. Several globally renowned oilfield service companies are actively developing mechanical, fluid activation, and chemical solutions to address the increasingly challenging downhole conditions. Meanwhile, the industry is increasingly recognizing the importance of employing precise water injection and water control technologies to enhance wellbore integrity of oil and gas producers. As oil and gas fields reach a certain stage of development, the heterogeneity between layers becomes more prominent, leading to interlayer conflicts. due to significant variations in geological characteristics among strata, which affect the degree of water flooding control in practice, it is necessary to implement zonal water injection techniques. Wireless intelligent water distributors utilize pressure or flow fluctuations to transmit signals, enabling control of the opening of downhole water distributors to adjust injection rates. The digital data transmission eliminates the need for human intervention, greatly reducing operational costs and saving time and effort. Compared to conventional water distributors, these instruments demonstrate higher efficiency and accuracy in intelligent zonal water injection. They perform regular tests on the flow rates of each individual layer, allowing for a better understanding of water absorption conditions and pressure variations across the well. This achievement aligns with the goal of achieving sufficient and proper water injection for waterflooding development, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of water injection and facilitating precision waterflooding in oilfie

关键词： Oil field equipment

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Understanding and research on the drilling fluid technology for shale gas horizontal wells in south Sichuan, China

Understanding and research on the drilling fluid technology ...

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International Petroleum technology Conference 2020, IPTC 2020

作者： Yan, Lili Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Jiaqi Cheng, rongchao Yang, Haijun Yang, Haowei CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613996751

recently, shale gas resource has been developed beneficially on a large scale in China. More than 400 shale gas horizontal wells have been drilled in south Sichuan since 2014. However, with the increasing buried depth of target stratum and the extension of horizontal intervals of shale-gas horizontal wells, the development of Chinese shale gas is becoming more and more difficult. Over the past four years, some wellbore instability related issues–stuck pipe and rotary steering system fish downhole occured during drilling the shale gas wells. The reason is particularly analyzed based on the drilling performance data of these horizontal wells, which will offer the establishment of general practice guidelines and recognition of opportunities for improvement in south Sichuan shale drilling. Oil-based drilling fluid (OBM) is a typical drilling fluid type currently used in the south Sichuan shale play. However, water-based mud (WBM) has also been used in more than 60 wells since 2015. It is analyzed the drilling performances of over four hundred horizontal south Sichuan shale wells drilled by 14 operators from 2014 to 2018, including overall drilling days, well depth, lateral length, as well as fish rotary steering systems. A comparative analysis is also made among different drilling fluid types of different operators to assess their performances and to identify the key challenges when drilling south Sichuan shale. The analyses contained formation characteristics, mud chemistry, mud rheological property, plugging property, solid content, stability, density and chloride and so on. Then, lots of experiments are carried out to solve the problems of borehole stability and hole cleaning. The analysis shows that the drilled well depth and the horizontal length are getting bigger and bigger. The overall performance of WBMs lags behind that of OBMs in south Sichuan shale drilling. Most fish rSS happened when the operations of back reaming, pick up stands and trip-out were carried

关键词： Horizontal wells

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A Novel Methodology to reduce Carbon Footprints: Trials of residual Heat recycling in China and Middle Asia 83

A Novel Methodology to Reduce Carbon Footprints: Trials of R...

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2022 SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, EUrO 2022

作者： Fu, Jin Cui, Longlian Yang, Guobin Zhang, Shunyuan Chen, Chen CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd.

ISBN: (纸本)9781613998656

As a mature methodology to enhance recovery of heavy oil, ultra-heavy oil and tar oil, steam assisted gravity drainage has been adopted in several oil production regions in China since 1990's. Liaohe Oilfield which is located in the northeastern part of China has become the most important production base of heavy oil in China. Heavy oil reservoirs in Kenkyak Oilfield Kazakhstan are found on a semi-dessert plain where saline soils are widely distributed. The cold production techniques used to be deployed in Kenkyak Oilfield, but the relatively low recovery rates have made the operator to carry out a feasibility research on steam injection. The steam assisted gravity drainage technology enhances recovery rates of heavy oil, producing a large amount of heat at the same time. The thermal resources are residual heat of hot separated water from the boiler's moisture separator, residual heat of produced fluid associated by crude oil, residual heat flue gas injected into the boiler. The separated water is as hot as steam, with a flow rate of 25% of the gas injection volume. The produced fluid associated by crude oil is at 160°C, with a flow rate of 1.1 times of the gas injection volume. The flue gas is at 240-250°C, much hotter than flue gas generated by conventional boilers. The residual heat does not only affect on-site operation and management, but also results in waste of thermal energy. Now the residual heat of produced fluid and separated water is deployed to heat supply water and fuel. Based on geological conditions and on-site operation requirements, there is neither a river to cool the residual heat, nor a common heating system to generate a large amount of thermal energy. Besides, both Chinese government and Kazakhstani government are adopting strict environment protection laws, banning direct discharge of waste water and extraction of underground water in the oilfields. A once-through boiler steam injection boiler generates humid steam with a dryness fraction of

关键词： Crude oil

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downhole vibration analysis based on near bit measurement data 7

Downhole vibration analysis based on near bit measurement da...

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7th International Conference on downhole Measurement and Control, ICdMC 2024

作者： Pang, Haibo Xu, Zhaohui Fang, Chao Fan, Jinchao Lin, Zili CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China

The efficiency of down-hole drilling has always been a focus of attention in real time drilling field. With the number of deep and ultra deep wells increasing, real time drilling environment has become exceptionally complex, and the decrease of drilling efficiency has always been a difficult problem that troubles drilling field construction. The working status of bits is closely related to factors such as drilling parameters, drilling encountered lithology, and drilling tool wear. However, due to the limited working conditions underground, it is difficult to evaluate the working status of bit in a timely manner. In the article, by analyzing the near bit data measured by down-hole tools, we explore the vibration of drilling tools under different drilling conditions, analyze the vibration intensity of drilling tools at different time periods, statistically analyze the vibration types and intensities of drilling tools, and explore the correlation between drilling parameters, analyzing the impact of drilling parameters on drilling tool vibration. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithology

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Numerical Investigation on Energy Loss Characteristics in Irregular Annulus Based on Entropy Production Method

Numerical Investigation on Energy Loss Characteristics in Ir...

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2024 SPE Gas and Oil technology Conference, GOTECH 2024

作者： Zhou, Y.S. Qu, C.F. Jiang, L. Zhang, H.W. Zhang, X.B. Huang, Z. Li, J.P. Zhou, C.Y. Cheng, S.d. Li, Y. CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025405

The actual downhole annulus is irregular, a variable cross-section geometry, due to the difference between the diameter of tool joints or downhole tools and the inner pipes. With the increasing of well depth, inevitable energy loss caused by contraction or expansion geometry is high in irregular annular flow. However, the energy loss generation mechanism for such irregular annulus flow is still unclear. The entropy production theory is considered as an excellent method for energy loss analysis, which is widely used in fluid machinery flow field. Therefore, the main purpose in this work is to reveal the energy loss generation mechanism caused by contraction and expansion geometry in irregular annulus based on entropy production method. In this paper, the spatial distribution of entropy production rate in irregular annular flow was depicted first. Then the inlet velocity and contraction-expansion ratio influence on different entropy production were discussed. Finally, we identified the high entropy production area and its main energy loss sources by quantitative analysis. The results show that 1) The high entropy production was mainly occurred at the entrance, downstream of the variable cross-section structure and near the wall. The proportion of time-average entropy production rate was relatively small and can be ignored. 2) The main energy loss areas were in narrow annulus and downstream of the variable cross-section structure, which the entropy production portion was about 55.8%~62.0% and 23.4%~26.4% separately. The main energy loss were wall and turbulent entropy production in these two areas. 3) The energy loss generated in downstream of the variable cross-section in annulus was more than that in upstream. Copyright © 2024, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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Prevent Barite Static Sag of Oil-Based Completion Fluid in Ultra-deep Wells

Prevent Barite Static Sag of Oil-Based Completion Fluid in U...

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2021 International Petroleum technology Conference, IPTC 2021

作者： Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Jiaqi Yan, Lili Cheng, rongchao Ni, Xiaoxiao Yang, Haijun CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997314

Oil-based mud (OBM) is the first choice for complex deep wells due to its advantages of high-temperature resistance, good lubrication and borehole stability. But barite sagging under ultra-high temperature during the long-time stationary completion operation may lead to serious problems in ultra-deep wells, for instance, pipe sticking, density variation and well control problems. In this paper, the influence of high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) on the performance of oil-based completion fluid was studied, and a model of rheological parameters was established with HTHP static sag law. The barite sagging stability was evaluated by a high temperature (220°C) and high pressure (100MPa) sag instrument. The results indicated that rM6 value and static shearing force were the main factors of affecting the settlement stability. The viscosity of the completion fluid significantly decreased with the increase of temperature, but increased with the increase of pressure. In addition, the relationship was also studied between HTHP rheology and atmospheric pressure rheology at 50°C. The results showed that when rM6 value was kept above 10, the sag stability factor (SF) of oil-based completion fluid was less than 0.52 at 190°C for 10 days, which proved a good high-temperature sag stability. Furthermore, the anti-high temperature property of oil-based completion fluid was improved through enhancing the temperature-resistance of the additives. And the high-temperature-resistant organic soil was introduced to raise the rM6 value and the static shearing force. Based on these solutions, the barite sag under high temperature of the oil-based completion fluid was prevented during drilling and completion operation in ultra-high temperature wells. The oil-based completion fluid was successfully used in Well Keshen 17 (175°C, 7475 m) in Kuche piedmont structure and TT 1 well (210°C, 6500 m) in Sichuan basin. The casing run smoothly, the oil-test operation was completed smoothly for 15

关键词： Additives

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research of Smart Completion driven by Internet of Things and Its Application on a Highly-deviated Well

Research of Smart Completion Driven by Internet of Things an...

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2023 SPE Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition, CTC 2023

作者： Jin, Fu Longlian, Cui Guobin, Yang Qi, Liu Chen, Chen CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025160

The oil and gas sector industry is actively embracing the integration of remotely monitored and controlled well completions. This technological advancement, commonly known as "intelligent completions," has experienced rapid progress in recent years, showcasing advantages such as heightened recovery rates and accelerated production. Notably, cost savings derived from reduced well interventions offer additional returns, particularly for wells characterized by multilateral configurations, subsea locations, or unmanned platform setups. The adoption of this technology continues to gain momentum due to the proven value demonstrated through field installations. The implementation of intelligent completions has become pervasive, with around 3000 systems deployed by the conclusion of 2022. With the rapid development of the economy and society, as well as the continuous deepening of oilfield development, the traditional on-site management model of oilfield personnel for oil-water wells has increased the labor costs for enterprises. In response to this, by means of a digital intelligent water injection monitoring system driven by Internet of Things (IoT), oilfield managers can monitor and control water injection equipment anytime and anywhere, realizing convenient management. The remote wireless intelligent water injection device mainly consists of an underground intelligent water distributor, a surface control unit, and a remote-control system, constituting a wireless visualized production control system. This system, through real-time monitoring of individual well water injection status and coordination with water injection and production data across the entire block, conducts big data analysis to effectively enhance reservoir development efficiency. The intelligent water distributor is equipped with pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and flow meters, enabling the monitoring of subsurface pressure, temperature, and related data. The surface control unit acts as the centr

关键词： Production control

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Understanding hydraulic fracture propagation behavior in tight sandstone–coal interbedded formations: an experimentalinvestigation

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Petroleum Science 2019年第1期16卷 148-160页

作者： Peng Tan Yan Jin Liang Yuan Zhen-Yu Xiong Bing Hou Mian Chen Li-Ming Wan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited SINOPEC Shanghai O shore Oil & Gas Company

Whether hydraulic fractures could connect multiple gas zones in the vertical plane is the key to fracturing treatment to jointly exploit coalbed methane and tight sandstone gas through integrative hydraulic fracturing in tight sandstone–coal interbedded formations. Laboratory true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted on layered specimens with di erent combination types of natural sandstone and coal to simulate the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures. The effects of the fracture initiation position, fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate were discussed. The results showed that di erent fracture morphologies could be found. When initiating from coal seams, three patterns of fracture initiation and propagation were obtained:(1) The main hydraulic fracture initiated and propagated along the natural fractures and then diverged due to the effects of in situ stress and formed secondary fractures.(2) The hydraulic fracture initiated and propagated in the direction of the maximum horizontal stress.(3) Multiple fractures initiated and propagated at the same time. With the same fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate, the hydraulic fractures initiating in sandstones had greater chances than those in coal seams to penetrate interfaces and enter neighboring layers. Excessively small or large fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate would do harm to the vertical extension height of the induced fracture and improvement of the stimulated reservoir volume. Compared with operation parameters(fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate), the natural weak planes in coals were considered to be the key factor that a ected the fracture propagation path. The experimental results would make some contributions to the development of tight sandstone–coal interbedded reservoirs.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Fracture propagation Sandstone-coal interbed Layered formation

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A hybrid machine learning optimization algorithm for multivariable pore pressure prediction

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 535-550页

作者： Song deng Hao-Yu Pan Hai-Ge Wang Shou-Kun Xu Xiao-Peng Yan Chao-Wei Li Ming-Guo Peng Hao-Ping Peng Lin Shi Meng Cui Fei Zhao School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164JiangsuChina Tubular Goods Research Institute of CNPC Beijing102249China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

Pore pressure is essential data in drilling design,and its accurate prediction is necessary to ensure drilling safety and improve drilling *** methods for predicting pore pressure are limited when forming particular structures and *** this paper,a machine learning algorithm and effective stress theorem are used to establish the transformation model between rock physical parameters and pore *** study collects data from three *** 1 had 881 data sets for model training,and Wells 2 and 3 had 538 and 464 data sets for model *** this paper,support vector machine(SVM),random forest(rF),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),and multilayer perceptron(MLP)are selected as the machine learning algorithms for pore pressure *** addition,this paper uses the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm,particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,sparrow search algorithm(SSA),and bat algorithm(BA)to establish a hybrid machine learning optimization algorithm,and proposes an improved grey wolf optimization(IGWO)*** IGWO-MLP model obtained the minimum root mean square error(rMSE)by using the 5-fold cross-validation method for the training *** the pore pressure data in Well 2 and Well 3,the coefficients of determination(r^(2))of SVM,rF,XGB,and MLP are 0.9930 and 0.9446,0.9943 and 0.9472,0.9945 and 0.9488,0.9949 and *** achieves optimal performance on both training and test data,and the MLP model shows a high degree of *** indicates that the IGWO-MLP is an excellent predictor of pore pressure and can be used to predict pore pressure.

关键词： Pore pressure Grey wolf optimization Multilayer perceptron Effective stress Machine learning

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