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An intelligent algorithm for identifying dropped blocks in wellbores

Natural Gas Industry B 2025年第2期12卷 186-194页

作者： Wang, Qian Yang, Zixuan Ye, Chenxi Zhai, Wenbao Feng, Xiao CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China National Engineering Research Center of Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology Beijing China

real-time monitoring of wellbore stability during drilling is crucial for the early detection of instability and timely interventions. The cause and type of wellbore instability can be identified by analyzing the dropped blocks brought to the surface by the drilling fluid, enabling preventive measures to be taken. In this study, an image capture system with fully automated sorting and 3d scanning was developed to obtain the complete 3d point cloud data of dropping blocks. The raw data obtained were preprocessed using methods such as format conversion, down sampling, coordinate transformation, statistical filtering, and clustering. Feature extraction algorithms, including the principal component analysis bounding box method, triangular meshing method, triaxial projection method, local curvature method, and model segmentation projection method, were employed, which resulted in the extraction of 32 feature parameters from the point cloud data. An optimal machine learning algorithm was developed by training it with 10 machine learning algorithms and the block data collected in the field. The XGBoost algorithm was then used to optimize the feature parameters and improve the classification model. An intelligent, fully automated feature parameter extraction and classification system was developed and applied to classify the types of falling blocks in 12 sets of drilling field and laboratory experiments and to identify the causes of wellbore instability. An average accuracy of 93.9 % was achieved. This system can thus enable the timely diagnosis and implementation of preventive and control measures for wellbore instability in the field. © 2025 Sichuan Petroleum Administration

关键词： 3d scanning dropped block classification Feature extraction Machine learning Point cloud data Wellbore instability

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research on the Correlation Analysis Between Logging Parameters and rock drillability Based on random Forest 6

Research on the Correlation Analysis Between Logging Paramet...

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6th International Conference on Frontier Technologies of Information and Computer, ICFTIC 2024

作者： Lv, Congyue Zhao, Fei ding, Yan Cui, Yi Gao, reyu Wang, Ge Tian, Yumeng Jia, Wenting Lin, Boyang Li, Linfeng Cnpc Engineering Technology R&d Company Limited Beijing China College of Petroleum Engineering Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541750

The rock drillability grade value is a comprehensive parameter that measures the ease or difficulty of rock fragmentation during drilling. determining this parameter is crucial for guiding bit selection and predicting drilling speed. There exists a strong correlation between certain logging parameters and the rock drillability grade value. To explore this correlation, a common practice is to use the Pearson correlation coefficient method, which mainly investigates the linear relationship between variables. However, relationships among complex formation characterization parameters are often nonlinear. To evaluate the pros and cons of the two analytical methods when dealing with nonlinear and complex data, a comparison was made, and the random forest algorithm was preferentially selected as the analytical tool to enhance the precision of the prediction model. Thus, this paper analyzes the correlation between logging parameters and the rock drillability grade value based on Pearson correlation analysis and the random forest algorithm. Using the Matlab programming language, logging parameter correlation analysis software named Correlation 1.0 was developed. The random forest algorithm was preferred to screen out logging parameters with high correlation to the drillability grade value (drilling depth and formation density), providing a new approach for establishing a high-precision formation rock drillability model. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： rock drills

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Experimental Study on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Mechanism of Water Injection Propagation in Super deep Fracture-Cavity Carbonate reservoir 13th

Experimental Study on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Mechani...

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13th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEdC 2023

作者： Sun, Xun Liu, Jiangyu Jin, Yi ren, dengfeng Zhang, Yang Shang, Litao Bai, Haoli Wu, Xi CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819702596

The super deep fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir in Tarim Basin has copious amounts of oil and gas, in which karst cave is the main reservoir space. It is necessary to communicate with karst cave through hydraulic fractures to realize efficient development due to the deep burial, poor physical properties, random distribution of natural fractures and caves, complex location relationship between wells and caves. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir. In this research, a novel laboratory simulation method for water injection propagation was established based on true tri-axial hydraulic fracturing equipment. Using this method, the law of fracture connecting cave under different experimental conditions were analyzed, and the relationships between water injection volume and cave volume were clarified. The results show that: low stress difference, small included angle (between cave and horizontal maximum stress) and the use of temporary plugging agent have huge contribution to improve the number of caves that connected with hydraulic fractures;the critical turning condition of hydraulic fracture is sensitive to factors such as the position relationship of well and cave, horizontal stress difference and included angle. This study has certain theoretical guiding significance for fracturing design and water injection parameter optimization in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Fracture

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New Understanding of Temperature Change rules of Horizontal Sections of different Well Body Structures and the relationship Between Production Capacity and Stimulation Parameters Based on das/dts

New Understanding of Temperature Change Rules of Horizontal ...

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2024 SPE Gas and Oil technology Conference, GOTECH 2024

作者： Qiao, Yan Zhang, Yang Gong, Wanxing Wu, Xi Wang, Siqi CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company Xinjiang China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025405

Since 2019 dAS has been widely used with horizontal well fracturing dynamic monitoring and interpretation analysis, achieving quantitative calculation of fluid and sand production in each fracturing section and cluster, however, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the change rule of temperature, fluid production in each section and cluster and stimulation parameters under the conditions of different production regimes in horizontal wells with different well body structures. In this study, by conducting continuous tubing through fiber-optic fluid production profile tests on wells A (downslope wells) and B (upslope wells) with different well body structures and dTS/dAS data acquisition for 10mm, 6mm/5mm nozzles and shut-in production regimes, we obtained data on the temperature change and vibration change under the conditions of different production regimes. Then we interpreted and analyzed the monitoring results by applying the temperature and acoustic interpretation model to get the fluid production of each fracturing section cluster under the conditions of different production regimes. The monitoring results show that the overall temperature change of the wellbore caused by the production adjustment of 10mm/6m/5mm nozzle is small, and the temperature change caused by the adjustment of the production regime of shut-in/opening the well is large, and the whole wellbore warms up/cools down significantly. The vibration response of dAS in the area of the main production layer is obvious, and the vibration signal has obvious intensity change in the process of regime switching, and the production signal stops after shutting in the well. The toe temperature of downslope wells is higher than the heel temperature, the wellbore temperature of the heel increases after the toe produces fluids, and the larger the nozzle is, the more obvious the heel warming is;the toe temperature of upslope wells is lower than the heel temperature, the wellbore temperature of the heel de

关键词： Nozzles

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research on Flow Field Characteristics Measurement in Variable Cross-Section Annulus Using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

Research on Flow Field Characteristics Measurement in Variab...

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2024 SPE Gas and Oil technology Conference, GOTECH 2024

作者： Zhou, Y.S. Qu, C.F. Zhang, H.W. Zhang, H. Jiang, L. Liu, Z.S. Shen, J.Y. Zhang, Z.Z. Zheng, r. CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China China University of Petroleum Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025405

The actual downhole annulus is irregular, a variable cross-section geometry, due to the difference between the diameter of tool joints, tubing collars or downhole tools and the inner pipes. With the increasing of well depth, it is difficult to predict the annulus pressure loss accurately due to the effect of variable cross-section geometry. research on flow field characteristics in variable cross-section annulus is the theoretical foundation of accurate prediction on annulus pressure loss. However, there is still few research on flow field characteristics in variable cross-section annulus by experiment, especially by using PIV technology. PIV has become an efficient method for complex flow field visualization and analyzation. The results show that there is separated reattachment flow in the irregular annulus which mainly occurred in the downstream of the expansion. The separated reattachment flow has low velocity, but vortex mainly occurred in this area. The disturbance range of streamlines caused by expansion structure is shorter in the upstream than in the downstream. The first and second modes contain 82% energy contribution in the irregular annular flow field. And the first mode can effectively restore the large-scale structure. With the mode increases, it is found that the small-scale structure is mainly distributed in the shear layer of the separated and reattached flow downstream of the variable cross- section geometry. © 2024, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Flow fields

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Failure evaluation mechanism of cement sheath sealing integrity under casing eccentricity during multistage fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3428-3445页

作者： Yan Xi Yu Yao Xue-Li Guo Jun Li Yu-dong Tian Gong-Hui Liu Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd. Beijing102200China China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay Karamay834000XinjiangChina China University of Petroleum-Beijing Beijing102249China CNPC Daqing Drilling Engineering Corporation Daqing163311HeilongjiangChina

A microannulus(MA) is the primary reason for sustained casing pressure in multi-stage fractured-shale gas wells. However, the effect of the casing eccentricity on the long horizontal section has not been considered. In this study, a full-scale integrity tester for cement sheaths is adopted to measure the cumulative plastic deformation. Numerical models are applied to evaluate the development of the cumulative plastic deformation and quantify the MA width considering casing centralization and eccentricity in the context of multiple loading and unloading cycles. Subsequently, the influences of the eccentricity distance and angle, cement-sheath mechanical variables, and different well depths on the cumulative sheath plastic deformation and sheath MA development are explored. The research results demonstrate that casing eccentricity significantly increases the cumulative sheath plastic deformation compared with that of the casing-centered condition. Consequently, the risk of sealing integrity failure increases. The accumulated plastic deformation increases when the eccentricity distance increases. In contrast, the initial plastic deformation increases as the eccentricity angle increases. However, the cumulative plastic deformation decreases after a specific loading and unloading cycle count. Affected by the coupled influence of the internal casing pressure and fracturing stages, the width of the MA in the horizontal section increased from the toe to the heel, and the casing eccentricity significantly increased the MA width at each stage, thus increasing the risk of gas channeling. Finally, an engineering case is considered to study the influence of casing eccentricity. The results show that cement slurries that form low and high elastic moduli can be applied to form a cement sheath when the fracturing stage is lower or higher than a specific value, respectively. The results of this study offer theoretical references and engineering support for the integrity control of c

关键词： Cement sheath Microannulus Casing eccentricity Numerical simulation

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Latest Technological Progress in drilling and Completion Operations of the Unconventional reservoir in Xinjiang MaHu Oil Field and Key Suggestions for the Next Steps

Latest Technological Progress in Drilling and Completion Ope...

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2025 International Petroleum technology Conference, IPTC 2025

作者： Hu, Huaigang Xi, Chuanming Ji, Guodong Zhang, Nan Wu, Qiang Zhuo, Lubin Zou, Lingzhan CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China National Engineering Research Center for Oil Gas Drilling and Completion Technology Beijing China Xinjiang Oilfield Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Karamay China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025436

due to the differences in sedimentary environments, compared with the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources in the United States and other countries, China has encountered greater difficulties in the drilling and completion processes of unconventional oil and gas. By analyzing the problems faced by drilling and completion in unconventional reservoirs in the MaHu area in recent years, the process of solving the issues and technical progress are summarized to form a technical template for drilling and completion in this area, which can also provide references for the next step to improve the drilling efficiency and reduce development costs. By studying the lateral distribution law of the pore pressure, the placement of the technical casing was optimized to further develop a standard design for the wellbore structure applicable to this area. To adapt to the local environmental protection requirements, high-performance non-sulfonic treatment agents were selected to replace sulfonic treatment agents, and four sets of environmental protection drilling fluid systems were formed. Based on the rock mechanics and field tests, the personalized drill bit is continuously optimized. With the introduction of a rotary steering drilling system and high-performance positive displacement motor (PdM), the rate of penetration (rOP) has been greatly improved. The transformation of horizontal Wells in the target Triassic formation from four types of casing strings with open hole completion + White oil-based/potassium-calcium based polysulfone organic salt drilling fluid to three types of casing strings with 5-inch casing completion + white-oil/potassium-calcium polyamine organic salt drilling fluid, from conventional rotary drilling + roller cone bit to rotary steering system/high-performance PdM +PdC bit, and the horizontal section length increased from 2000m to 2650m. Completion time decreased from an average of 144 days to 72 days. Speak of the Permian formation, the tra

关键词： Oil well completion

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driving Cost reduction in CCUS Projects: Innovating Qualification Technologies to replace Expensive CrA with Cost-Efficient Glass Fiber Polymer Composites

Driving Cost Reduction in CCUS Projects: Innovating Qualific...

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Offshore technology Conference, OTC 2025

作者： Zhao, L. dunne, T. ren, J.X. Li, W.H. Cheng, P. CNPC USA HoustonTX United States CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025610

The imperative role of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in achieving the global carbon emissions reduction target of 15-20% by 2050 is widely recognized. However, the sluggish progress in CCUS deployment stems primarily from substantial initial capital outlays, notably attributed to the use of costly Corrosion-resistant Alloys (CrA). These alloys are essential due to the corrosion challenges posed by supercritical CO2 from the capture facility to the injection wells. Glass Fiber reinforced Polymer Composite (GFPC), with its high corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical strength, emerges as a costefficient alternative to CrAs. despite this potential, GFPC faces challenges related to limited data, poor understanding of degradation mechanisms, especially in supercritical CO2, and difficulties in evaluating its operational lifespan. To expedite the adoption of GFPC, this study systematically investigates the degradation mechanisms of GFPC in CCUS injection wells and introduces an industry-crucial model for qualifying GFPC grades for long-term usage as downhole liners. Conventional GFPC tubular qualification methods involve excessively long aging tests (e.g., 417 days as per ISO 14692) with overly conservative safety margins, making qualification cost- and time-prohibitive. To overcome this challenge, a mature GFPC grade with over 50 years of field deployment data was chosen, and a novel accelerated lab testing method (completed in 56 days) was established by plotting mechanical property decay as a function of time at temperatures below its glass transition temperature. Systematic investigations, employing various characterization tools, were conducted to analyze microstructure changes, polymer/fiber bond alterations, and thermomechanical property variations. A numeric degradation model was developed by correlating lab test results with long-term field data to provide a reasonable evaluation of the long-term application of GFPC as liner materials in s

关键词： Corrosion resistant alloys

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A data Augmentation Method of Variable density Logging Image Based on GAN 57

A Data Augmentation Method of Variable Density Logging Image...

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57th US rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Wang, Z. Song, X.Z. Li, Z. Zhang, Y.L. Yang, X.Y. Pan, T. Zhu, Z.P. Beijing China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9780979497582

In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, cementing quality evaluation models based on supervised learning algorithms have been gradually proposed and applied. These models automatically evaluate cementing quality by identifying variable density logging images. However, due to the uneven number of training samples (variable density logging images), the accuracy of automatic evaluation models is low, to solve this problem, this paper proposes a Wasserstein distance generation countermeasure network (VdL-WGAN) for variable density well logging images. In VdL-WGAN, the generator network uses reconstruction loss to improve the image generation ability of the model. To evaluate image quality, this paper calculates the PSNr and SSIM values of the generated images and trains the optimal model. After expanding the samples, the intelligent evaluation model of cementing quality is trained to improve the recognition accuracy. The VdL-WGAN proposed in this paper can improve the generation of high-quality virtual samples of logging variable density images, improve the accuracy of the intelligent evaluation model of cementing bond quality, and achieve the effect of data expansion. © 2023 57th US rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Innovation of Tubing Conveyed Perforating technology in the Agadem Field, Niger 12th

Innovation of Tubing Conveyed Perforating Technology in the ...

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12th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEdC 2022

作者： Liu, Qi Li, Wan-Jun Liu, Hui-Feng Wang, Gang Xiao, Yue Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited CNPC Beijing102206 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819919635

Tubing conveyed perforating technology is the main perforating method used in oil fields because of its unique advantages. For sandstone reservoirs development, the reservoirs alternate with sandstone and mudstone. There are often multiple perforated intervals with mudstone interlayers, ranging from 1-2 m to hundreds of meters, which is not required perforation. For shorter interlayer, usually use space gun to avoid the mudstone layer and transfer detonation wave. Niger is a major oil and gas producer in West Africa. The Agadem, Bilma and Tenere blocks are being explored and developed, and the Agadem field is the largest one among them. According to the logging data, the average oil layer thickness of each well drilled in Agadem is 18-20 m, and the average single oil layer thickness is 2-3 m. It presents typical interbedded form of sand and mudstone. The perforation operations are faced with the problems of multiple layers and large span. For the mudstone interlayer with a span of 10m or more, the sealing reliability of the sealing parts of the space gun is very high, as well as the connection of the detonating cable between the guns and the reliability of the detonating tube. The large span often leads to the failure of detonating cable, and the perforating pipe string of the space gun cannot solve this problem well. It can only run perforating string many times in hole to shoot different zones in one well, which not only increases the operation cost, but also reduces the operation efficiency. In order to solve the above problems, a new type of perforation joint was designed. The joint contained a perforating gun rack, which is used for fastening the joint of the upper perforating gun and the perforating joint. The technical effect is to reduce the tension of the string during running. There are two sealing ring grooving on the tubing transmission perforating multi-stage joint, and the sealing ring is installed before entering the well. The technical effect is to e

关键词： Cost reduction

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