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A New Polymer Based Multifunctional Fracturing Fluid With Enhanced Proppant Transport Capability

A New Polymer Based Multifunctional Fracturing Fluid With En...

引用

2023 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, ATCE 2023

作者： Lin, Genyao Huang, Jiangshui Song, Lulu richardi, Bryant Li, Jianshen Liu, Fuchen Lin, Lijun CNPC USA HoustonTX United States CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613999929

Multifunctional fracturing fluid is desirable in the oil and gas industry as it can reduce operational complexity and footprints during hydraulic fracturing. Traditional slickwater fracturing fluid has limited proppant transport capability and lacks other functionalities. Most reported publications and practices on proppant transport enhancement were largely realized via increasing the viscosity of the fracturing fluid by using high viscosity friction reducer (HVFr) or simply increasing dosages. recent multifunctional fracturing fluid research has also demonstrated that the combination of HVFr with nano-emulsion can provide the effect of spontaneous imbibition oil displacement to improve oil recovery (IOr) and thus achieving the goal of combining both hydraulic fracturing and IOr. While fracturing fluid with high viscosity has been used to increase its proppant carrying capability, it comes with the compromise of reduced fracturing length, fewer secondary fractures as well as requiring multiple additives to achieve multifunctionalities. In response to the industrial needs of multifunctional fracturing fluids with reduced operational footprints, we report a multifunctional fracturing fluid based on a novel single polymer system containing oil-displacement surfactant. The new polymer based fracturing fluid was characterized in terms of friction reduction, proppant settling, rheological properties and Amott cell spontaneous imbibition tests. The flow loop results showed that the new polymer system based fracturing fluid can achieve friction reduction of more than 70% in both fresh water and 55K brine. remarkably, the new fracturing fluid at 0.4wt% can suspend the 20-40 mesh ceramic proppant for an extended period without apparent settling. Breaker studies and rheological properties of the fluid were performed using traditional breaker ammonium persulfate at various dosages. The spontaneous imbibition test on the broken fluid showed a significant increase in oil recover

关键词： Fracturing fluids

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Measurement of the Static Proppant-Settling Velocity in Fracturing Fluids Through digital Image Analysis

Measurement of the Static Proppant-Settling Velocity in Frac...

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2023 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, ATCE 2023

作者： Huang, Jiangshui Lin, Lijun Lin, Genyao richardi, Bryant Liu, Fuchen Li, Jianshen Yang, Zhenzhou CNPC USA HoustonTX United States CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613999929

This paper presents a novel method for quantitatively measuring the static proppant-settling velocity in hydraulic fracturing fluids through digital image analysis. The method developed is reliable and efficient for measuring the static proppant settling velocity (Sv) when there is no clear settling interface, which is useful for comparing the proppant carrying capability of different friction reducers (Frs), optimizing the concentration of friction reducers in the fracturing fluids for field operations, and improving the proppant carrying capability of friction reducers through the synthesis process. The experimental procedure involves pouring a fracturing fluid with proppants into a transparent glass cylinder, taking images of the proppants settling using a camera, transferring the images into a computer, and analyzing the images using macro programs prepared to measure the static proppant settling velocity. The settling velocity is determined by measuring the position (height) change of a proppant concentration selected with time, which is realized through using image saturation to determine the position of the proppant concentration in the image analysis. The results obtained from this method show that the proppant size, friction reducer concentration, salinity of the friction reducer fracturing fluids, and friction reducer molecule weight and chemical structure have an impact on the static proppant settling velocity. Also, the method developed in this study can be helpful for selecting proper fracturing fluids for field applications and the optimization of friction reducers in the synthesis process through quantitatively measuring the settling velocity. To the best of our knowledge, except for determining the settling velocity of a single particle in the fluids, this is the first study to quantitatively measure the static proppant-settling velocity in fracturing fluids through digital image analysis. The method developed offers several benefits including the ab

关键词： Proppants

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research and Application of rigless radial drilling Technologies in China and Middle East

Research and Application of Rigless Radial Drilling Technolo...

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2024 Mediterranean Offshore Conference, MOCE 2024

作者： Chen, Chen Guobin, Yang Qifeng, Pan Longlian, Cui Bingshan, Liu Shanshan, Liu Shufen, Zhao Jin, Fu CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Ltd China PetroChina International Iraq FZE Iraq Branch China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025702

rigless radial drilling, or radial jet drilling involves drilling lateral holes from a vertical wellbore to enhance reservoir contact. radial jet drilling system components (diverter, hose, and bit) are conveyed via coiled tubing. A high-pressure hose and jetting bit drill lateral holes. Without a drill string, axial force cannot transfer to the bit. As a result, the bit is hydraulically propelled. radial jet drilling bits utilize back-jetting nozzles in addition to front-jetting nozzles. Maximizing penetration rate and hole length requires hydraulic optimization. Existing hydraulic models rely on field-measured parameters (discharge coefficient and flow rate ratio) that vary by bit design to predict propulsion force, bit hydraulic power, and maximum lateral hole length. This study aims to develop a generalized hydraulic model without requiring field-measured parameters for predictions. This model can optimize radial jet drilling by selecting suitable bit designs and lateral hole geometries. Based on fluid dynamics theory, the calculation model of circulation pressure loss in a horizontal well with a radial lateral is established;according to the on-site situations and characteristics of horizontal well with radial lateral, with the purpose of optimizing the maximum pressure drop of the drill bit, considering the constraint conditions such as breaking capability, rated pump pressure, strength of the equipment and rated pump power, the optimization model of hydraulic parameters of water jet radial horizontal drilling is built, which provides a new idea for the design of hydraulic parameters. The optimum displacement and maximum pressure drop of the drill bit increase with the increase of continuous tubing, diameter of high-pressure flexible hose and allowable value of maximum pump pressure, and decrease with the increase of drilling fluid viscosity. The technology of "high pump pressure and low displacement" is recommended in the operation of horizontal drilling with

关键词： Coiled tubing

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Temperature distribution of Heavy Oil reservoirs under radio Frequency Heating and Analysis of Influencing Factors 57

Temperature Distribution of Heavy Oil Reservoirs under Radio...

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57th US rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Xiao, Jiexian Gao, deli dong, Xuelin Feng, Chaochao Wang, Zhengxu MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9780979497582

Heavy oil is increasingly gaining more concerns from all over the world. However, the steam methods applied broadly are gradually being abandoned due to low efficiency and high carbon emissions. Therefore, a radio frequency (rF) heating technology is proposed which mobilizes heavy oil by using rF electromagnetic wave (rF-EMW) rather than steam. To accurately obtain the temperature distribution of heavy oil reservoir, an electromagnetic-thermal coupling model is established initially. The model considers the thermal properties change the heavy oil reservoir with temperature. Afterward, the model is validated by experimental data. Finally, the influence of several key factors on the reservoir temperature are discussed. Calculation results display that the maximum heating radius of the rF heating technology is up to 10m, which indicates that rF heating has obvious technical advantages. The model considering the varying specific heat brings about lower reservoir temperature around the wellbore, and the maximum temperature is obviously higher than that in the case of varying thermal conductivity. In addition, the reservoir temperature can be enhanced by increasing the relative permittivity of reservoir, porosity, electrical conductivity and saturation of water. The research results are intended to provide important guidance for the field application of rF heating technology. © 2023 57th US rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. All rights reserved.

关键词： Temperature distribution

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Prediction Method of Cutting Settling Velocity in Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow Based on Multi-gene Genetic Programming 56

Prediction Method of Cutting Settling Velocity in Gas-liquid...

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56th U.S. rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Zhu, Zhaopeng Song, Xianzhi Han, Liang Zhang, rui Liu, Wei Fu, Jiasheng Hu, Xiaoli Li, dayu Qin, Furong Yang, donghan Beijing China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9780979497575

The cuttings settling process becomes erratic in the complex gas-liquid mixture under gas kick, it is very difficult to accurately describe the migration process of cuttings. Meanwhile, the traditional empirical formula based on fitting experimental data is difficult to accurately predict the complex cuttings settlement. Neural network and other intelligent models with high prediction accuracy are difficult to be popularized and applied due to their black box properties. Multi-gene genetic programming can accurately describe complex nonlinear problems and automatically optimize the structure and parameters of the mathematical model, so as to effectively reduce the complexity of the model. Based on the multi-gene genetic programming algorithm, this study used a variety of input parameters to predict the settling velocity, explored the relationship between the input variables and the result, and established an explicit mathematical model of settling velocity with rMSE of 0.0896 in test set and r2 of 0.9292, which breaks the accuracy limits of traditional empirical model and the inexplicability of neural network model. This new method for predicting cuttings settling velocity in gas-liquid mixture can provide theoretical guidance for efficient cuttings migration in wellbore during gas kick. © 2022 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Safe Speed-Up drilling technology for Ultra deep Well Based on Geology-engineering Integration 12th

Safe Speed-Up Drilling Technology for Ultra Deep Well Based ...

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12th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEdC 2022

作者： Chen, Chang-Chang Ji, Guo-dong Wang, Hai-Ge Huang, Hong-Chun Wu, Qiang Liu, Li CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum and Development Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819919635

Qiulitage tectonic belt in Tarim Basin has large reservoir burial depth and complex geological conditions, and challenges such as ultra deep, high temperature, high pressure and high stress lead to big problems related to well control safety, well construction timeliness and project quality. To solve these key technical problems that set barriers to the process of exploration and development, a set of drilling technology process geology-engineering integration is established with geomechanics as the bridge. And an integrated key drilling engineering technology for the safe speed up of ultra deep well was formed, integrating well location optimization, well trajectory optimization, stratum pressure prediction before drilling, stratum drillability evaluation, bit and speed-up tool design and optimization, so as to solve engineering problems. Combined with seismic data, logging data, structural characteristics, and lithology distribution characteristics, the rock mechanics data volume related to the 3d drilling resistance characteristics of the block was established for the first time, and the vertical and horizontal heterogeneity was quantitatively characterized, which provided a basis for bit design, improvement and optimization. Through field practice, the average drilling complexity rate was reduced from 12% to 4.6%, and the drilling cycle at 8500m depth was reduced from 326 days to 257 days, which were significantly better than those of the vertical wells deployed in the early stage without considering geology-engineering integration. It accumulated technology and experience for the efficient development of ultra deep complex oil and gas reservoirs. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

关键词： Integration

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Low-Tension-Gas Flood in a High-Temperature and Heterogeneous Sandstone reservoir

Low-Tension-Gas Flood in a High-Temperature and Heterogeneou...

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2024 SPE Improved Oil recovery Conference, IOr 2024

作者： Abdullah, Mohammad B. delshad, Mojdeh Niu, Fangya Mohanty, Kishore Sepehrnoori, Kamy Li, Jianshen Zhou, Nancy C. Lu, Meng Miao, Jijun The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China CNPC USA KatyTX United States SimTech KatyTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025245

This study explores Low-Tension-Gas (LTG) flooding as a hybrid low-tension surfactant and nitrogen gas-enhanced oil recovery method for a high-temperature (90-100°C), heterogeneous (permeability 0.06 µd-1180 md), sandstone reservoir. We began with history-matching two corefloods, an outcrop, and a reservoir core, employing the in-house UTCHEM simulator. Flow parameters were derived from these core floods, and fluid properties were ascertained from lab experiments. A 0.6-acre pilot-scale model in UTCHEM, based on field data and geostatistics, was used to simulate the LTG process. The comprehensive field scale sensitivity study indicates an additional oil recovery factor (rF) between 11-18% from LTG injection, influenced primarily by residual oil saturation to waterflood, injection rate, LTG slug size, and surfactant concentration. Gravity segregation between gas and microemulsion phases, affected by reservoir vertical heterogeneity, emerged as a critical factor. A lower kv/kh ratio led to a more stable front with a moderate gas override. An optimal chemical injection design involves 1 wt% surfactant concentration within 1 pore volume of LTG slug. Higher injection rates resulted in increased oil recovery and shorter pilot duration, though constrained by field operational limits. Adjusting foam quality during LTG injection affected gravity segregation, necessitating further lab experiments for correlation with gas mobility reduction. Foam shear thinning could enhance field foam injectivity without significantly impacting cumulative oil recovery. Increasing the injection rate within allowable injection bottomhole pressure is recommended for field implementation to prevent fracture induction. This is the first study that extensively explores the impact of reservoir and design parameters for LTG injection for challenging reservoir conditions. Copyright © 2024, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Gases

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Methodology for Preventing drill String Fatigue Failure in deep Well with Large Shallow dogleg

Methodology for Preventing Drill String Fatigue Failure in D...

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2024 International Petroleum technology Conference, IPTC 2024

作者： Zhang, Jiawei Huang, Hongchun Zou, Lingzhan Wang, Qing Ji, Guodong He, Xusheng Li, Hailiang deng, Wenxing CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company Sichuan China Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company Gansu Dunhuang China

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025184

Fatigue failure is recognized as the primary cause of tubular twist-off. repeated cyclic bending loads and stress caused by dogleg severity, pipe weight and buckled drill pipes would result in drill string fatigue failure as seven twist-off accidents have been observed at large shallow dogleg sections in three deep wells with TVd (True Vertical depth) more than 5000m. Fishing jobs, plug-back and sidetracking operations were time-consuming and costly, while typical inspection and cumulative pumping hours can't determine the thresholds for preventing drill string fatigue failure in such scenario. This paper proposes the methodology for preventing drill string fatigue failure in deep wells with large shallow dogleg. The relative fatigue index prediction model is established based on drill string stress characteristics and crack propagation behavior, on the basis of which cumulative fatigue distribution of entire drill string in drilled or pre-drill intervals could be calculated. Considering the added cumulative fatigue for drill string from drilled intervals, methods and procedures including optimizing drilling parameters, reshuffling drill string, replacing with new drill string are proposed for preventing fatigue failure in pre-drill interval. One of the filed applications was carried out in one deep well, which suffered from two drill string failures consecutively with failure position at same large shallow dogleg section. The calculated cumulative fatigue index of the second failure based on actual drilling data was 1.0595, which verified the accuracy of established model for predicting drill string fatigue failure. Also, simulation results showed that cumulative fatigue index rose rapidly when drilling through large shallow dogleg section, which justified all failure positions occurred at same large shallow dogleg section. Cumulative fatigue distribution of entire drill string was determined after two consecutively failures, suggesting that the drill string would

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Scheme design of annular pressure control by rupture disk technology 34th

Scheme design of annular pressure control by rupture disk te...

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34th International Ocean and Polar engineering Conference, ISOPE 2024

作者： Wang, Gang Lv, Shengming Xiang, Ying Liu, Yuhan Ye, Yu Ji, Fei Zhou, Tuo Jiang, Quanyu Cao, Jinyan CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd Beijing China China University of Petroleum in Beijing Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781880653784

deepwater oil and gas wells experience elevated wellbore temperatures during exploratory well testing and production well production, which generate expansion pressure and the phenomenon of elevated annulus pressure (APB). The annulus annulus pressure may trigger risks such as casing body damage, casing buckle leakage, etc., destroying the wellbore integrity of deepwater wells and posing serious safety risks to deepwater wellbore integrity. Therefore, deepwater oil and gas wells must adopt an annulus pressure management program. According to the engineering application experience, the rupture disk casing tool is a low-cost annulus pressure solution that is currently effective and widely used. In this paper, we study the pressure specification design of rupture disk to meet the requirement of annular pressure management in deepwater wells, and carry out the program design of rupture disk technology to control the annular pressure. When the annulus closure pressure exceeds the design threshold, the annulus high-pressure fluid overflows from the rupture disk, and the annulus closure pressure decreases, thus solving the problem of high annulus pressure. © 2024 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

关键词： rupture disks

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research Progress of Micro-CT in the Field of Petroleum engineering 13th

Research Progress of Micro-CT in the Field of Petroleum Engi...

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13th International Field Exploration and development Conference, IFEdC 2023

作者： Ye, Zhi-Lin Lu, Hai-Wei Gao, Xiang Liu, Jian-Quan Jin, Yi CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing China Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute PetroChina Jidong Oilfield Company Hebei China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819704675

Computerized Tomography (CT) technology has gained wide development in the field of petroleum geology due to its unique advantages in rapid, high-precision, non-destructive analysis, and three-dimensional imaging for microstructure analysis. This article reviews the research progress of CT scanning technology in the field of petroleum engineering in recent years and summarizes its applications in reservoir microstructure, rock and mineral properties, digital core simulation, and non-destructive analysis of rubber materials. Quantitative characterization information such as reservoir pore structure, mineral composition, particle size distribution, and fracture identification can be obtained through three-dimensional image analysis. By constructing digital cores, rock physical properties such as elasticity, permeability, electrical properties, and oil-water distribution can be further studied. In addition, CT scanning and imaging technology have also been gradually applied to defect analysis in rubber materials, providing new technical means for predicting their failure behavior. The construction of digital cores based on CT scanning technology has become a research hotspot in the petroleum field, providing technical support for the three-dimensional visualization and fine quantitative characterization of rock structures. In the future, achieving the integration of digital core data and constructing an application platform from core to reservoir, from micro to macro scales, is the development trend of high-precision CT scanning combined with computer technology. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Computerized tomography

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