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2021 SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, MEOS 2021

作者： Chen, Peng Yang, Guobin Chen, Lei Zhang, Guobin Han, Haochen Chen, Chen CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997727

The Junin block in Venezuela was known as an ultra heavy oil belt reserved in extra shallow layers (950ft-1,380ft) with unconsolidated formations. A cluster wells platform drilling was required for the Field development Program (FdP). Optimisation of the well pattern and drilling of shallow 3d cluster horizontal wells for development of ultra heavy oil are presented in this paper. A well pattern of hand-shape dislocation was forwarded to enhance effective recovery of heavy oil in diamond blind area. Optimisation of the casing programs and control of the well trajectories as well as other key performance drilling were designed. A strict anti-collision barrier design and operation steps were worked out to assure the drilling safety. The loss-resistance, anti-collapse, stick-stuck proof, lubrication and reservoir protection were put into considerations for the drilling fluid design. recovery of heavy oil was enhanced by means of electrical heating system. drilling challenges such as shallow target zones, big build-up rate, long horizontal sections, great friction drag and torques, and well trajectories control were experienced and settled. Especially the puzzles of well trajectories control in unconsolidated formations, great friction drag and torques of strings in large displacement long horizontal sections for subsequent operations, and the unstable wellbore were tackled. A typical well data revealed that the horizontal displacement vs. TVd ratio was as high as up to 4.5. The setting depth of surface casing and the determination of KOP were critical to the horizontal wells with large displacement in shallow layers. Pressurized combined drilling and casing-running by means of top drive overcame the drag and torque and achieved planned Td and casing setting depth. The use of electrical wireline heating rod increased the temperatures in and close to the wellbore, and compensated the radius heat loss and avoided viscosity increase of heavy oil so that the output was main

关键词： Horizontal wells

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Flow numerical simulation of tubing or casing leakage in gas well

Flow numerical simulation of tubing or casing leakage in gas...

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Abu dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference 2020, AdIP 2020

作者： Zhang, Hong Yuan, Guangjie Li, Guotao Li, Jingcui Wan, Jifang Fu, Pan CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997345

Tubing or casing leakage of HTHP gas wells and underground gas storage wells affects wellbore integrity adversely. The wellbore micro-leakage detection technology can detect tiny fluid leakage in time and is of great significance to avoid malignant gas leakage accident. The theoretical basis of wellbore microleakage detection technology is characterizing the leakage flow field. To reveal the flow characteristics of gas leakage due to tubing and casing cracks and perforations, a CFd model of gas aperture leak has been established and flow field numerical simulation of high-speed and high-pressure gas outflow through aperture was conducted. The standard k-e turbulence model was used to calculate and analyze the pressure and velocity distribution of the steady flow field. In addition, a time step was set on the steady-state model and the Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) model was adopted to simulate the transient flow field with the initial conditions of the steady-state simulation results. The effects of the shape and size of the leakage hole, the pressure inside the pipe, and the medium in the outer annular space on the flow field were analyzed. The results show that obvious turbulence disturbance appears near the inlet of the leakage hole and supersonic under-expansion jet forms near the outlet of the leakage hole under the gas well working conditions, creating the expansion wave and shock wave. The flow velocity of gas leakage through the circular hole is the highest, while that of the slot hole is the lowest under the same conditions. The larger the leakage aperture is, the greater the pressure difference between inside and outside of the pipe is, and the more drastic variation of gas velocity in the leakage hole. The method and results provide theoretical guidance for the microleakage detection technology of gas well wellbore. © 2020, Society of Petroleum Engineers

关键词： Flow fields

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Carbon nanotube enhanced water-based drilling fluid for high temperature and high salinity deep resource development

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Petroleum Science 2022年第2期19卷 916-926页

作者： Jing-Ping Liu Xian-Fa Zhang Wen-Chao Zhang Kai-He Lv Yin-rui Bai Jin-Tang Wang Xian-Bin Huang Jia-Feng Jin Jin-Sheng Sun College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing 102206China

drilling fluids face failure during drilling deep reservoir with high temperature and high *** experimental results show that high temperature and salinity reduce the negative charge on the surface of bentonite in the drilling fluid and cause the coalescence of bentonite *** a result,the particles coalesce,the grid structure is destroyed,and the rheological properties,rock-carrying capacity and filtration properties are *** resolve the foregoing,in this study,0.05-wt%carbon nanotubes are introduced into a 4%bentonite drilling fluid under conditions where the temperature and concentration of added Na Cl reach 180°C and 10 wt%,*** carbon nanotubes adsorb on the bentonite surface and increase the space among bentonite *** steric hindrance prevents the coalescence of bentonite in high temperature and high salt *** bentonite maintains the small size distribution of bentonite and supports the bentonite grid structure in the drilling *** a result,the rock-carrying capacity of the drilling fluid increases by 85.1%.Moreover,the mud cake formed by the accumulation of small-sized bentonite particles is dense;consequently,the filtration of bentonite drilling fluid reduced by 30.2%.

关键词： High temperature Water-based drilling fluid High salinity Carbon nanotube deep resources

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Pore-scale insights for steady-state two-phase flow in natural porous sandstone from pore connectivity characterization

Geoenergy Science and Engineering

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Geoenergy Science and engineering 2025年 252卷

作者： Qiao, Juncheng Zeng, Jianhui An, Ting Jiang, Shu Ma, Yong Liu, Yazhou Chen, dongxia Zhang, Yongchao Feng, Xiao Cao, Zhe Sun, Chenhao State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China Fengcheng Oilfield Operation District Xinjiang Oilfield Company CNPC Keramay834000 China Energy & Geosciences Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering University of Utah UT84108 United States Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education School of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of Marine Geology Qingdao266071 China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206 China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing102206 China

Multiphase fluid transport in the subsurface natural porous sandstone governs numerous energetic industrial, and environmental activities. In this work, a nanometer-millimeter pore connectivity quantification is compiled by integration of multiple scale pore structure characterization techniques involving casting thin section (CTS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray computed tomography (X-μCT), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMr), pressure-controlled porosimetry (PCP), and rate-controlled porosimetry (rCP), whereby the pore connected pattern, connective ratio, and connected full-range pore size distribution (CPSd) are obtained, upon which the controlling mechanisms for the steady-state two-phase flow (STPF) physics are further explored by incooperating physical displacement experiment. Connectivity evaluation indicates that high permeable sandstone shares a reticular connection network with scale-invariant connected ratio stays at around 0.60, low-permeability sandstone exhibits branch-like pattern with the ratio ranging from 0.53 to 0.60, while tight sandstone is characterized by local chain-like pattern with an average ratio of 0.31. deviated darcy linear and power-law flows present successively in the fractional non-wetting phase flow in STPF with reducing connectivity degree. Wetting phase mobility, dynamics of multiphase interaction, dynamic expansion of non-wetting phase flow path interpreted based on the CPSd, incorporating dLVO theory, augmented Young-Laplace equation, and effective hydraulic radius model, explain the pore-scale controls for the flow physics. The CPSd determines multiphase fluid mobility potential and dynamics of multiphase interaction, controlling the accessibility and expansion of flow pathway of non-wetting phase. Preferential non-wetting phase flow path expansions in the outer layer and inner layer of bound water film zone held by interfacial force and capillary force, and accompanying flow resistances in the connected pores © 2025

关键词： Sandstone

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Experiment on Mechanical Properties and Seepage Capability of deep Tight Sandstone under True-Triaxial Stresses Environment

Experiment on Mechanical Properties and Seepage Capability o...

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2021 Abu dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, AdIP 2021

作者： Li, Jiaying Qi, Chunyan Gu, Ye Ye, Yu Zhao, Jie CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited CNPC Tarim Oilfield Company

ISBN: (纸本)9781613998342

The characteristics of seepage capability and rock strain during reservoir depletion are important for reservoir recovery, which would significantly influence production strategy optimization. The Cretaceous deep natural gas reservoirs in Keshen Gasfield in Tarim Basin are mainly buried over 5000 m, featuring with ultra-low permeability, developed natural fractures and complex in-situ stress states. However, there is no comprehensive study on the variation of mechanical properties and seepage capability of this gas reservoir under in-situ stress conditions and most studies on stress-sensitivity are conducted under conventional triaxial or uniaxial stress conditions, which cannot truly represent in-situ stress environment. In this work, Cretaceous tight sandstone in Keshen Gasfield was tested under true-triaxial stresses conditions by an advanced geophysical imaging true-triaxial testing system to study the stress-sensitivity and anisotropy of rock stress-strain behavior, porosity and permeability. Four groups of sandstone samples are prepared as the size of 80mm×80mm×80mm, three of which are artificially fractured with different angle (0°,15°，30°) to simulate hydraulic fracturing. The test results corresponding to different samples are compared to further reveal the influence of the fracture angle on rock mechanical properties and seepage capability. The samples are in elastic strain during reservoir depletion, showing an apparent correlation with fracture angles. The porosity decreases linearly with stress loading, where the decrease rate of effective porosity of fracture samples is significantly higher than that of intact samples. The permeabilities decrease exponentially and show significant anisotropy in different principal stress directions, especially in σH direction. The mechanical properties and seepage capability of deep tight sandstone are successfully tested under true-triaxial stresses conditions in this work, which reveals the stress-sensitivity of anis

关键词： Porosity

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Curing kinetics and plugging mechanism of high strength curable resin plugging material

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3446-3463页

作者： Jing-Bin Yang Ying-rui Bai Jin-Sheng Sun Kai-He Lv School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

Lost circulation, a recurring peril during drilling operations, entails substantial loss of drilling fluid and dire consequences upon its infiltration into the formation. As drilling depth escalates, the formation temperature and pressure intensify, imposing exacting demands on plug materials. In this study, a kind of controllable curing resin with dense cross-network structure was prepared by the method of solution stepwise ring-opening polymerization. The resin plugging material investigated in this study is a continuous phase material that offers effortless injection, robust filling capabilities, exceptional retention, and underground curing or crosslinking with high strength. Its versatility is not constrained by fracture-cavity lose channels, making it suitable for fulfilling the essential needs of various fracture-cavity combinations when plugging fracture-cavity carbonate rocks. Notably, the curing duration can be fine-tuned within the span of 3-7 h, catering to the plugging of drilling fluid losing of diverse fracture dimensions. Experimental scrutiny encompassed the rheological properties and curing behavior of the resin plugging system, unraveling the intricacies of the curing process and establishing a cogent kinetic model. The experimental results show that the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging material has a tight chain or network structure. When the concentration of the urea-formaldehyde resin plugging system solution remains below 30%, the viscosity clocks in at a meager 10 mPa·s. Optimum curing transpires at 60℃, showcasing impressive resilience to saline conditions. remarkably, when immersed in a composite saltwater environment containing 50000 mg/L NaCl and 100000 mg/L CaCl_(2), the urea-formaldehyde resin consolidates into an even more compact network structure, culminating in an outstanding compressive strength of 41.5 MPa. Through resolving the correlation between conversion and the apparent activation energy of the non-isothermal dSC curing reac

关键词： Urea-formaldehyde resin rheological property Curing property Curing kinetics Plugging mechanism

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Proppant Screen-Out during re-Fracturing Caused by damage of Heavy Mud in Existing Fractures: Case Study and Solutions

Proppant Screen-Out During Re-Fracturing Caused by Damage of...

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2023 SPE Argentina Exploration and Production of Unconventional resources Symposium, LAUr 2023

作者： Liu, Huifeng Xu, Zhixiong Yuan, Zebo Han, Haochen Wen, Zhiming Li, Jianbo Song, Lu CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited CNPC R&D DIFC Company Limited PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613999752

The reservoir pressure coefficient is over 1.80 in the Kelasu foreland area in western China. Heavy mud weighted by ultra-micro barite is used to kill the well for downhole operations. For the wells that have been fractured, the mud easily leaks into the fractures, bringing barite weighting agent into the existing fractures and damaging the well productivity. re-fracturing is conducted in order to recover the well productivity, but abnormal pumping pressure and proppant screen-out is frequently encountered. Three typical wells that have encountered such problems were analyzed by construction data comparison and using the fracturing simulator StimPlan. The root causes were firstly theoretically analyzed and then laboratory tests were also carried out to verify our theoretical deductions. The comparison results show that the pressure for fracture extension during re-fracturing of the three wells is 20%-40% higher than the initial fracturing;the leakage of the heavy well killing fluid weighted by ultra-micro barite during downhole operations was the main cause of the abnormal pumping pressure and the proppant screen-out during re-fracturing. The laboratory test results showed that the properties of the ultra-micro barite well killing fluid is relatively good after rolling for 15 days under high temperature, but its density and rheological parameters tend to decline due to barite sedimentation;the invasion of the heavy well killing fluid into the matrix reduced the Young's modulus by 3%-5% but increased the Poisson's ratio by 102.42% maximally, which would consequently reduce the dynamic fracture width and lead to abnormally-high pumping pressure and proppant screen-out during re-fracturing. The damage of the heavy well killing fluid to the existing propped fractures was also serious. It reduced the propped fracture permeability by 50%-80% and the retained barite in the fracture was difficult to displace out. Several solutions have also been provided for wells with pote

关键词： Proppants

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development and performance evaluation of high temperature resistant strong adsorption rigid blocking agent

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2650-2662页

作者： Zhe Xu Jin-Sheng Sun Jing-Ping Liu Kai-He Lv Xiao-dong dong Zong-Lun Wang Tai-Feng Zhang Yuan-Wei Sun Zhi-Wen dai School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing102206China

As drilling wells continue to move into deep ultra-deep layers,the requirements for temperature resistance of drilling fluid treatments are getting higher and *** them,blocking agent,as one of the key treatment agents,has also become a hot spot of *** this study,a high temperature resistant strong adsorption rigid blocking agent(QW-1)was prepared using KH570 modified silica,acrylamide(AM)and allyltrimethylammonium chloride(TMAAC).QW-1 has good thermal stability,average particle size of 1.46μm,water contact angle of 10.5.,has a strong hydrophilicity,can be well dispersed in *** experimental results showed that when 2 wt%QW-1 was added to recipe A(4 wt%bentonite slurry+0.5 wt%dSP-1(filtration loss depressant)),the API filtration loss decreased from 7.8to 6.4 m *** aging at 240.C,the API loss of filtration was reduced from 21 to 14 m L,which has certain performance of high temperature loss of *** the same time,it is effective in sealing 80-100mesh and 100-120 mesh sand beds as well as 3 and 5μm ceramic sand *** the same conditions,the blocking performance was superior to silica(5μm)and calcium carbonate(2.6μm).In addition,the mechanism of action of QW-1 was further *** results show that QW-1 with amide and quaternary ammonium groups on the molecular chain can be adsorbed onto the surface of clay particles through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction to form a dense blocking layer,thus preventing further intrusion of drilling fluid into the formation.

关键词： High adsorption rigid microsphere High temperature resistance Blocking performance

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Understanding and research on the drilling fluid technology for shale gas horizontal wells in south Sichuan, China

Understanding and research on the drilling fluid technology ...

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International Petroleum technology Conference 2020, IPTC 2020

作者： Yan, Lili Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Jiaqi Cheng, rongchao Yang, Haijun Yang, Haowei CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company limited China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613996751

recently, shale gas resource has been developed beneficially on a large scale in China. More than 400 shale gas horizontal wells have been drilled in south Sichuan since 2014. However, with the increasing buried depth of target stratum and the extension of horizontal intervals of shale-gas horizontal wells, the development of Chinese shale gas is becoming more and more difficult. Over the past four years, some wellbore instability related issues–stuck pipe and rotary steering system fish downhole occured during drilling the shale gas wells. The reason is particularly analyzed based on the drilling performance data of these horizontal wells, which will offer the establishment of general practice guidelines and recognition of opportunities for improvement in south Sichuan shale drilling. Oil-based drilling fluid (OBM) is a typical drilling fluid type currently used in the south Sichuan shale play. However, water-based mud (WBM) has also been used in more than 60 wells since 2015. It is analyzed the drilling performances of over four hundred horizontal south Sichuan shale wells drilled by 14 operators from 2014 to 2018, including overall drilling days, well depth, lateral length, as well as fish rotary steering systems. A comparative analysis is also made among different drilling fluid types of different operators to assess their performances and to identify the key challenges when drilling south Sichuan shale. The analyses contained formation characteristics, mud chemistry, mud rheological property, plugging property, solid content, stability, density and chloride and so on. Then, lots of experiments are carried out to solve the problems of borehole stability and hole cleaning. The analysis shows that the drilled well depth and the horizontal length are getting bigger and bigger. The overall performance of WBMs lags behind that of OBMs in south Sichuan shale drilling. Most fish rSS happened when the operations of back reaming, pick up stands and trip-out were carried

关键词： Horizontal wells

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Synthesis and mechanism of environmentally friendly high temperature and high salt resistant lubricants

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3110-3118页

作者： Zong-Lun Wang Jin-Sheng Sun Jing-Ping Liu Kai-He Lv Zi-Hua Shao Xian-Fa Zhang Zhe Xu Zhi-Wen dai Ning Huang School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing 102206China

With the exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas,high torque and high friction during the drilling of deep and ultra-deep wells become one of the key issues affecting drilling safety and drilling ***,the high temperature and high salt problem in deep formations is prominent,which poses a major challenge to the lubricity of drilling fluids under high temperature and high *** paper reports an organic borate ester SOP as an environmentally friendly drilling fluid *** performance evaluation results show that when 1%lubricant SOP is added to the fresh water-based mud,the lubrication coefficient decreases from 0.631 to 0.046,and the reduction rate of lubrication coefficient is 92.7%.Under the conditions of 210℃ and 30%NaCl,the reduction rate of lubricating coefficient of the base slurry with 1%SOP was still remain 81.5%.After adding 1%SOP,the wear volume decreased by 94.11%compared with the base *** contact resistance experiment during the friction process shows that SOP can form a thick adsorption film on the friction surface under high temperature and high salt conditions,thus effectively reducing the friction *** dynamics simulation shows that lubricant SOP can be physically adsorbed on the surface of drilling tool and borehole wall through hydrogen bond and van der Waals *** analysis further shows that SOP adsorbs on the friction surface and reacts with metal atoms on the friction surface to form a chemically reactive ***,under high temperature and high salt conditions,the synergistic effect of physical adsorption film and chemical reaction film effectively reduces the frictional resistance and wear of the friction *** addition,SOP is non-toxic and easy to ***,SOP is a highly effective and environmentally friendly lubricant in high temperature and high salt drilling fluid.

关键词： deep oil and gas Lubricant Environmentally friendly Water-based drilling fluid Molecular dynamics simulations

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