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SPE/AAPG/SEG Asia Pacific Unconventional resources technology Conference 2019, APUr 2019

作者： Chen, Zhaowei Fan, Yu Huang, rui Zeng, Bo Walsh, rall Zhou, Xiaojin Zoback, Mark Song, Yi CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited China Petro China Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company China CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited China University of Petroleum Beijing China Decision Geomechanics LLC Stanford University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781613996737

Taking the X pad of shale gas in Sichuan Basin as the research object, we observe casing deformation, identify faults, establish a geomechanical model, and analyze the slip probability of faults. The correlational analysis between the positions of the casing deformation and ant tracking faults and microseismic events shows that the fault slip induced by hydraulic fracturing might be the cause of casing deformation. Based on the geological structure of the block, a total of 30 faults are interpreted. The faults were identified mainly by ant tracking and microseismic data. Conventional logs, image logs and mini-fracturing data were analyzed to establish the geomechanical model. The Mohr-Coulomb criterion was used to analyze the activation states of these faults, and the Quantitative risk Analysis (QrA) method was used to analyze the risk of fault slip and sensitivity of fault slip to each factor. The results show that most of the faults in this block are in a critical stress state under the in-situ conditions, and the well-oriented faults can easily be activated under current pumping pressure. After a pressure increase of 2500 PSI, the lowest slip probability of the faults intersecting the casing deformation section reaches 65%, which shows that the casing deformation can be caused by fault slip. Sensitivity analysis shows that the results are most sensitive to pore pressure and friction. Based on the risk assessment, the chance of fault slip can be calculated, which provides a reference for guiding drilling design. Hence method may provide an effective method for mitigating casing deformation problems. © 2019, Unconventional resources technology Conference (UrTeC).

关键词： Fault slips

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Tight oil reservoirs production simulation with consideration of stress induced permeability evolution 5

Tight oil reservoirs production simulation with consideratio...

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5th ISrM Young Scholars' Symposium on rock Mechanics and International Symposium on rock engineering for Innovative Future, YSrM 2019

作者： Yang, Shuai Jin, Yan Li, Mu Chen, Beibei Wei, Shiming Wang, Shiyong China University of Petroleum Beijing China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited. Beijing China Xinjiang Oilfield Corporation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9784907430047

Effective stress state has great influence on permeability of tight oil reservoirs, which is one of the most important properties to evaluate a reservoir. We present a fully coupled poro-elastic finite element production prediction model with consideration of stress induced permeability evolution of tight oil sandstones. Based on deformation and failure modes of tight oil sandstones, stress induced permeability evolution model was considered as three types under different stress states and described independently. Using finite element method based on the poro-elastic theory and stress induced permeability evolution model included, we can get the production prediction. The accuracy of the model is verified using some wells’ production data. The objectives of this study are to find an appropriate numerical model to simulate the production of tight oil reservoirs. It is essential for the successful planning and management of oil and gas reservoirs. © 2019 Japanese Society for rock Mechanics,

关键词： Sandstone

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Well integrity analysis of injection wells during CO2 sequestration, Tarim Basin, China

Well integrity analysis of injection wells during CO2 seques...

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Carbon Management technology Conference 2019, CMTC 2019

作者： Zhang, Jingtian Guo, Qingfeng Mu, Lingyu Cai, Zhixiang Li, Mu Li, Yan CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China Beijing China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company Xinjiang China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997246

Tarim Basin is the biggest oil and gas bearing basin in China. The ultra-deep formations in the North Border of Tarim Basin is characterized by ultra-high temperature, high pressure, and ultra-thick composite salt-gypsum formations, are widely distributed, so it will bring great challenge to well integrity during CO2 sequestration. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the impact of temperature decrease and salt rock creep on injection well integrity. A numerical model is used to analyze the impact of temperature decrease and salt rock creep on injection well integrity in this process of CO2 injection and obtain a critical temperature drop value.A set of new ideas for casing selection was proposed based upon long-term corrosion rate of different materials calculated by de. Warrd corrosion prediction model. Well B in Tarim Oilfield was designed in this method, and design results were verified by performing laboratory experiments. The results show that under some circumstances the micro-annulus between casing and cement sheath can be changed by salt creep or self-healed. The mechanism of casing damage in salt layers was preliminarily revealed. A set of methods is proposed for casing material selection in CO2 corrosion environment is proposed: corrosion rate of different materials is calculated and converted into long-term corrosion rate. Then the maximum allowable wear extent of the casing is calculated according to casing strength requirement. Finally, casing selection material is determined. The mechanism of casing damage in salt layers was preliminarily revealed during CO2 sequestration. It is indicated that casing damage is mainly caused by the non-uniform load induced by the creep of salt-gypsum layers, the low temperature ,and the poor cementing quality. This new method can effectively reduce cost of casing material selection and make for guaranteeing oilfield development and CO2 sequestration while maintaining wellbore integrity and controllable well control sa

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Segmentation methods for x-ray computer tomography images of oil sands 5

Segmentation methods for x-ray computer tomography images of...

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5th ISrM Young Scholars' Symposium on rock Mechanics and International Symposium on rock engineering for Innovative Future, YSrM 2019

作者： Pang, Huiwen Jin, Yan dong, Jingnan Gao, Yanfang Wang, Hanqing Wang, Zhenyu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9784907430047

X-ray computer tomography scanning (X-ray CT) has been adopted for investigating rock’s microstructure, which could characterize sample’s inner pore structure non-destructively. Image segmentation is the first step towards pore space identification. Segmentation of a porous media means conversion of gray scale CT volumes into different regions that permits quantitative characterization. Macroscopic properties of the segmented image can vary greatly with different segmentation methods. In general, CT images of rock and soil samples are required to convert into binary images of particles and pores. X-ray computer tomography technique could also be used for visualizing the specific bitumen-pore-grain structure of oil sands. Segmentation of oil sands refers to the process of partitioning the image into three regions of void, grains and bitumen. At present, the applicability investigation of various segmentation methods for oil sands seems to lag. In this study, four methods for identifying bitumen and pore regions from 2d oil sands Micro CT scan images are compared. Image information entropy is used as a weight to calculate the average porosity of the sample. Image-derived porosity obtained according to the segmentation are given in this paper. Several technical issues of image preprocessing of CT images of oil sands are discussed, and the porosity and bitumen content derived from image applied the segmentation methods are compared to the laboratory measurement of oil sands cores. The research presented is the foundation of quantitative pore space analysis and hydraulic modeling of oil sands based on digital cores. © 2019 Japanese Society for rock Mechanics,

关键词： Image segmentation

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Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of glutenite from Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, China 5

Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of glute...

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5th ISrM Young Scholars' Symposium on rock Mechanics and International Symposium on rock engineering for Innovative Future, YSrM 2019

作者： Zhao, Fei Pang, Huiwen Wang, Haige Cui, Meng CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China

ISBN: (纸本)9784907430047

Glutenite, one of the most important petroleum reservoir rock in the Mahu Sag, is hard to break owing to its high heterogeneity, high abrasiveness and poor drill ability, and this has been a technical problem in petroleum engineering. As rock mechanics is the main factor affecting the breaking rock efficiency, the effect of external loading condition on the rock properties of glutenite need to be investigated. Up to date, there has been experimental research work on rock mechanics of the marine-deposit glutenite, but the counterpart research on continent-deposit glutenite is left undone. In this regard, the object of this study is to explore mechanical characteristics, of continent-deposit glutenite by performing laboratory experiments. This study first discusses the strength of glutenite by triaxial compression tests under monotonic loading. Based on the results, rock mechanics properties (elastic modulus, internal friction angle, compressive strength and failure mode) are obtained. Then, a series of laboratory testing has been performed to assess the effects of cyclic loading and unloading response. Although the deformation characteristics and failure mechanism under cyclic loading are related to the monotonic loading, there is a significant difference between the two cases. Moreover, the influences of number of cycles, amplitude, and frequency are taken into account. results from the cyclic loading tests indicate that glutenite has a "threshold value" of amplitude and an optimal frequency. Glutenite samples are weaker as the number of cycles increases. This work is significantly important for the breaking rock efficiency enhancement of bit during drilling in glutenite reservior. It’s the theoretical basis of putting forward bit and tool design method in the future. ©2019 Japanese Society for rock Mechanics,

关键词： Efficiency

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Study on rock breaking efficiency of special shaped cutters

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期983卷

作者： Qi Peng Yingcao Zhou Jiaqing Yu Xiongwen Yang Yu Liu Chi Ma Chris Cheng Xiaohua Ke CNPC Engineering Technology R & D Company Limited Beijing China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Beijing China CNPC USA Corporation (Houston TX USA)

The optimization of cutter shape has become one of the main innovation direction of PdC bit technology. At present, both domestic and foreign bit manufacturers have put forward various special shaped cutters to improve rock breaking efficiency. However, there are relatively few researches which focus on the rock breaking efficiency of special-shaped cutters. Therefore, three kinds of typical cutters (flat cutter, convex cutter and concave cutter) are selected as the study object in this paper. Based on the single cutter test, the relationship of axial cutting force, cutting area and cutting specific energy under different working conditions will be provided. The experimental results show that the axial cutting force and specific energy of concave cutter and convex cutter are lower than that of flat cutter in most test cases. The results are almost the same for both Vosges sandstone and Marcellus shale cases. In other words, the tested concave cutters are easier to intrude into rock and obtain higher rock brea king efficiency under the same cutting conditions, when compared with flat cutter and convex cutter. The experimental method provides a technica l reference for studying the rock breaking efficiency of three-dimensional cutters with different shapes.

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New PdC bit with hollowed cutters: With increased rOP and longer service life

New PDC bit with hollowed cutters: With increased ROP and lo...

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Abu dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference 2019, AdIP 2019

作者： Zhang, Hongying Chen, Huihui Liu, Feng Wang, Na Huang, Yanfu Fang, Zhimeng Pan, Xingming Beijing Petroleum Machinery Co. Ltd CNPC Engineering and Technology R&D Company China Beijing Petroleum Machinery Co. Ltd CNPC China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613996720

A novel design of PdC bit with hollowed cutters is presented that uses the principle of hydraulic lubricating and water jetting mechanism to improve rOP. engineering results show its advantage compared to solid fixed cutters which are commonly used in today's drilling industry. The structure of the new PdC bit is as follows: each cutter contains a specific fluid channel, which is tailor made;the bit body contains many fluid channels;Compared with the existing conventional PdC bit, the main distinctive features are: the cutters are hollowed, each cutter contains a fluid channel in the centre of itself;and the bit body has fluid passages which are communicating with each hollowed cutter, allowing the drilling fluid flows from the inside of the bit to the outside of each cutter. The failures of a PdC bit are mostly due to premature wear or cracks of compound cutters;the wear or cracks are due to mechanical and thermal effects. To improve the service life of cutters can effectively increase the life of the drill bit. According to thermal stress analysis, the position where the frictional heat concentrated is in the centre of the cutter, which will result in the generation and expansion of thermal cracks, which in turn leads to failure of the cutter and loss of rOP. Therefore, the cutter with fluid passage will improve the way of thermal concentration and expansion, thereby prolonging the life of the drill bit, reducing the number of trips, improving single run drilling footage, therefore the drilling efficiency is increased. during the drilling operation, the rock cuttings cannot flow out timely, and may accumulate on the drill bit, which is commonly referred to as mud balling. The presence of mud balling will reduce the cutting capability of the drill bit and decrease the rOP. The new PdC bit with hollowed cutters has self-cooling and self-cleaning functions to mitigate the thermal effect, while the pressurized flow from the micro-hole of the cutter has the effect of w

关键词： Cracks

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An extended finite element method for hydro-mechanically coupled analysis of mud loss in naturally fractured formations 53

An extended finite element method for hydro-mechanically cou...

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53rd U.S. rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Xia, Yang Jin, Yan Huang, Zhao Lu, Yunhu Wang, Hanqing State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing China CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China

In computational simulations of drilling mud flow in fractured formations, consideration of interactions between the fracture networks and the porous rock requires an appropriate coupling procedure from the local fractures to the scale of typical finite elements in poromechanics problems. A hydro-mechanically coupled model is developed in this paper to characterize drilling mud flow in naturally fractured formations. Especially, the mud leak-off from fractures into the matrix is described by a new method. The finite element equations are derived for the model and integrated over time. By exploiting the partition-of-unity property of the finite element shape functions, the position and direction of the fractures are independent from the underlying discretization. The resulting discrete equations are non-linear due to the non-linearity of the leak-off effect, and the Newton–raphson method is used to solve the nonlinear equations. Simulation results show that the fracture deformation and leak-off effect both have significant impacts on mud loss volume, especially the expansion of the fracture network due to mud invasion can further increase the cumulative mud loss volume. The presented model improves the accuracy of the mud loss prediction, and thereby results in a more realistic characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs. Copyright 2019 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Fracture

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Study on operation strategy of aquifer underground gas storage using CO2 as cushion gas

Study on operation strategy of aquifer underground gas stora...

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Carbon Management technology Conference 2019, CMTC 2019

作者： Mu, Lingyu Liao, Xinwei Yu, Qiang Hao, Litao Zhang, Jingtian Zhao, Jinglei Wu, Jiaqi Beijing China PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi'an China Petro China Jidong Oilfield Company Tangshan China CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997246

The cushion gas is indispensable to maintain the reservoir pressure, prevent the water intrusion and ensure the stability of underground gas storage (UGS). Considering the good thermodynamic properties, economic benefit and carbon storage, CO2 is the ideal option for the cushion gas. However, it is inevitable that the cushion will mix with the working gas during the operation of gas storage, which reduces the thermal enthalpy and even changes the pressure dynamics of the reservoir. It is important to research how to control the injection of CO2 to operate the UGS *** paper demonstrates the feasibility of CO2 as the cushion gas and develops an operation strategy for aquifer UGS. The numerical simulation method with consideration of the effect of the dissolution of CO2 in water and the diffusion between the gases is adopted to model the injection and production process of UGS with CO2 as cushion gas. Firstly, the feasibility of CO2 is demonstrated through the analyses of physical properties and mixing characteristics of CO2 and CH4. Then, the dynamics of UGS is analyzed and the influential factors are discussed. Eventually, the optimum operation strategy is recommended. This work can provides a better understanding of the dynamics of UGS and a scientific basis for the efficient operation of gas storage and production. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of CO2 as the cushion gas, and develops an operation strategy for aquifer UGS, which provides a scientific basis for the efficient operation of gas storage. © 2019 Carbon Management technology Conference 2019, CMTC 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Fracture hits analysis for parent-child well development 53

Fracture hits analysis for parent-child well development

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53rd U.S. rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Anusarn, Sangnimnuan Li, Jiawei Wu, Kan Wang, Yonghong Shi, Xiaozhi Yin, Congbin Li, Yanchao Texas A and M University College StationTX United States CNPC Engineering Technology R and D Company Limited Beijing China CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd Chengdu China

during the progression from Hold By Production to infill drilling, operators usually encounter the frac hits and cause communication between parent and infill wells. Well communication is often detrimental to both parent and infill wells. However, the mechanisms of frac hits have not been thoroughly studied. Hence, to optimize parent-infill well development, we will study fracture propagation in infill wells and investigate frac hits between infill and parent wells. We have developed an efficient coupled fluid flow and geomechanics model to characterize stress change in reservoirs with complex fracture geometry. The reservoir geomechanics model will be used to characterize spatial and temporal evolution of stress state due to depletion of the parent well. Based on updated heterogeneous reservoir stress state, an in-house hydraulic fracture model is used to simulate dynamic fracture propagation in infill wells and investigate frac hits. The results indicate that an unfavorable fracture geometry is generated in infill wells. Pressure sink induced by depletion decreases the magnitude of reservoir principle stresses. Hence, fractures in the infill well tend to propagate toward the depleted region of the parent well and generate an unsymmetrical fracture geometry in the two sides of the infill well, resulting in fracture hits. Furthermore, pressure sink also changes the orientation of principle stresses, which induce fractures in the infill well changing propagation direction and hitting pre-existing fractures in the parent well. This paper will help understand mechanisms of parent well production loss and lower-than-expected production rate of infill wells. This work can also provide critical insights to mitigating frac hits for parent-infill well development and well spacing optimization. Copyright 2019 ArMA, American rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Fracture

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