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Microscopic Disruption Management: Energy Consumption and Passenger Compensation Optimisation

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Transportation Research Procedia 2022年 62卷 43-50页

作者： Luis Cadarso Esteve Codina Ricardo García-Ródenas Aerospace Systems and Transport Research Group European Institute for Aviation Training and Accreditation (EIATA) Rey Juan Carlos University Fuenlabrada 28942 Madrid Spain Department of Statistics and Operations Research Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Spain Department of Mathematics School of Computer Science Institute of Applied Mathematics in Science and Engineering (IMACI) University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain

Rail operations are often disrupted by accidents that cause traffic to diverge from the scheduled operations, rendering it difficult to run the schedule as planned. In such a case, the operator must change the schedule to return to the original schedule. If passengers are delayed, a train operator may have a policy of economically compensating them (e.g., refunding ticket fare). Compensation amounts are usually determined by the length of the delay. As a result, it is critical to have a smart way of determining whether to accelerate trains to absorb delays, thus increasing energy usage, or to compensate passengers. This paper presents a mathematical model for determining the speed profile while taking passenger usage into account. The model determines the best sequence of operating regimes and switching points between them for a variety of different situations and train types, all while accounting for delays and passenger compensation policies. The aim is to reduce both the amount of energy consumed and the amount of compensation paid to passengers. There are constraints on traction and braking forces, train velocity, forces induced by vertical and horizontal track profile, and passenger compensation policy. The results of computational tests performed on practical problem instances of the Spanish rail operator RENFE are showed. The suggested approach is capable of producing strategies that strike an excellent balance between different managerial objectives.

关键词： Train re-scheduling Passenger compensation Delays Optimal control

Modern Computing: Vision and Challenges

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Wu, Huaming Patros, Panos Ottaviani, Carlo Arora, Priyansh Pujol, Victor Casamayor Haunschild, David Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Cetinkaya, Oktay Lutfiyya, Hanan Stankovski, Vlado Li, Ruidong Ding, Yuemin Qadir, Junaid Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Song, Houbing Herbert Sakellariou, Rizos Rana, Omer Rodrigues, Joel J.P.C. Kanhere, Salil S. Dustdar, Schahram Uhlig, Steve Ramamohanarao, Kotagiri Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Department of Computer Science York Centre for Quantum Technologies University of York York United Kingdom Microsoft Schiphol Netherlands Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Detecon International GmbH Munich Germany Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Japan Tecnun School of Engineering University of Navarra Spain Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Bennett University Greater Noida India Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Baltimore United States Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia COPELABS Lusófona University Lisbon Portugal Sydney Australia The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

Over the past six decades, the computing systems field has experienced significant transformations, profoundly impacting society with transformational developments, such as the Internet and the commodification of computing. Underpinned by technological advancements, computer systems, far from being static, have been continuously evolving and adapting to cover multifaceted societal niches. This has led to new paradigms such as cloud, fog, edge computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), which offer fresh economic and creative opportunities. Nevertheless, this rapid change poses complex research challenges, especially in maximizing potential and enhancing functionality. As such, to maintain an economical level of performance that meets ever-tighter requirements, one must understand the drivers of new model emergence and expansion, and how contemporary challenges differ from past ones. To that end, this article investigates and assesses the factors influencing the evolution of computing systems, covering established systems and architectures as well as newer developments, such as serverless computing, quantum computing, and on-device AI on edge devices. Trends emerge when one traces technological trajectory, which includes the rapid obsolescence of frameworks due to business and technical constraints, a move towards specialized systems and models, and varying approaches to centralized and decentralized control. This comprehensive review of modern computing systems looks ahead to the future of research in the field, highlighting key challenges and emerging trends, and underscoring their importance in cost-effectively driving technological progress. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Obsolescence

Transformative Effects of ChatGPT on Modern Education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Xu, Minxian Patros, Panos Wu, Huaming Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Kamalpreet Fuller, Stephanie Singh, Manmeet Arora, Priyansh Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Stankovski, Vlado Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Lutfiyya, Hanan Kanhere, Salil S. Bahsoon, Rami Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Sakellariou, Rizos Uhlig, Steve Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Science Kings Education London United Kingdom Cymax Group Technologies BC Canada QM Academy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Microsoft Hyderabad India Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Sydney Australia School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, was released to provide coherent and useful replies based on analysis of large volumes of data. In this article, leading scientists, researchers and engineers discuss the transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education. This research seeks to improve our knowledge of ChatGPT capabilities and its use in the education sector, identifying potential concerns and challenges. Our preliminary evaluation concludes that ChatGPT performed differently in each subject area including finance, coding and maths. While ChatGPT has the ability to help educators by creating instructional content, offering suggestions and acting as an online educator to learners by answering questions and promoting group work, there are clear drawbacks in its use, such as the possibility of producing inaccurate or false data and circumventing duplicate content (plagiarism) detectors where originality is essential. The often reported "hallucinations" within Generative AI in general, and also relevant for ChatGPT, can render its use of limited benefit where accuracy is essential. What ChatGPT lacks is a stochastic measure to help provide sincere and sensitive communication with its users. Academic regulations and evaluation practices used in educational institutions need to be updated, should ChatGPT be used as a tool in education. To address the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the learning environment, educating teachers and students alike about its capabilities and limitations will be crucial. © 2023, CC0.

关键词： Machine learning

Public Goods Games in Disease Evolution and Spread

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Morison, Christo Fic, Mallgorzata Marcou, Thomas Mohamadichamgavi, Javad Antón, Javier Redondo Sayyar, Golsa Stein, Alexander Bastian, Frank Krakovská, Hana Krishnan, Nandakishor Pires, Diogo L. Satouri, Mohammadreza Thomsen, Frederik J. Tjikundi, Kausutua Ali, Wajid School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Department of Theoretical Biology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany Centre for Mathematical Biology University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland Department of Computer Science University of Turin Turin Italy Bolyai Institute University of Szeged Szeged Hungary Evolutionary Dynamics Group Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom School of Mathematical Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland Section for Science of Complex Systems Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Complexity Science Hub Vienna Vienna Austria HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research Institute of Evolution Budapest Hungary Department of Mathematics City University of London London United Kingdom Institute for Health Systems Science Faculty of Technology Policy and Management Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Institute of Applied Mathematics Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands ISI Foundation Turin Italy Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom

Cooperation arises in nature at every scale, from within cells to entire ecosystems. In the framework of evolutionary game theory, public goods games (PGGs) are used to analyse scenarios where individuals can cooperate or defect, and can predict when and how these behaviours emerge. However, too few examples motivate the transferal of knowledge from one application of PGGs to another. Here, we focus on PGGs arising in disease modelling of cancer evolution and the spread of infectious diseases. We use these two systems as case studies for the development of the theory and applications of PGGs, which we succinctly review and compare. We also posit that applications of evolutionary game theory to decision-making in cancer, such as interactions between a clinician and a tumour, can learn from the PGGs studied in epidemiology, where cooperative behaviours such as quarantine and vaccination compliance have been more thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, instances of cellular-level cooperation observed in cancers point to a corresponding area of potential interest for modellers of other diseases, be they viral, bacterial or otherwise. We aim to demonstrate the breadth of applicability of PGGs in disease modelling while providing a starting point for those interested in quantifying cooperation arising in healthcare. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Diseases

SHARP PHASE TRANSITION FOR COX PERCOLATION

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hirsch, Christian Jahnel, Benedikt Muirhead, Stephen Department of Mathematics Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 118 Aarhus C8000 Denmark Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen Univ Groningen Nijenborgh 9 GroningenNL-9747 AG Netherlands CogniGron Groningen Cognitive Systems and Materials Center University of Groningen Univ Groningen Nijenborgh 4 GroningenNL-9747 AG Netherlands Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics Mohrenstraße 39 Berlin10117 Germany School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

We prove the sharpness of the percolation phase transition for a class of Cox percolation models, i.e., models of continuum percolation in a random environment. The key requirements are that the environment has a finite range of dependence and satisfies a local boundedness condition, however the FKG inequality need not hold. The proof combines the OSSS inequality with a coarse-graining *** Codes Primary 60F10, secondary 60K35 © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Solvents

Awareness in robotics: An early perspective from the viewpoint of the EIC Pathfinder Challenge "Awareness Inside"

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Santina, Cosimo Della Corbato, Carlos Hernandez Sisman, Burak Leiva, Luis A. Arapakis, Ioannis Vakalellis, Michalis Vanderdonckt, Jean D’Haro, LuisFernando Manzi, Guido Becchio, Cristina Elamrani, Aïda Alirezaei, Mohsen Castellano, Ginevra Dimarogonas, Dimos V. Ghosh, Arabinda Haesaert, Sofie Soudjani, Sadegh Stroeve, Sybert Verschure, Paul Bacciu, Davide Deroy, Ophelia Bahrami, Bahador Gallicchio, Claudio Hauert, Sabine Sanz, Ricardo Lanillos, Pablo Iacca, Giovanni Sigg, Stephan Gasulla, Manel Steels, Luc Sierra, Carles Department of Cognitive Robotics Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Oberpfaffenhofen Germany Department of Computer Science University of Luxembourg Luxembourg 4 Telefónica I+D Spain AEGIS IT Research GmbH Germany Université catholique de Louvain Belgium Speech Technology and Machine Learning Group ETSI de Telecomunicación Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Alien Venture Studio Alien Technology Transfer Rome Italy Hamburg Germany Institut Jean Nicod École Normale Supérieure Paris France Research Technology and Development Department Digital Industry Software Helmond Netherlands Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Max Planck Institute for Software Systems Kaiserslautern Germany Department of Electrical Engineering Control Systems Group Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Amsterdam Netherlands Donders Centre for Neuroscience Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands Computer Science Department University of Pisa Pisa Italy Faculty of Philosophy Philosophy of Science The Study of Religion Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Germany School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Autonomous Systems Laboratory Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain Madrid Spain Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento Trento Italy Department of Information and Communications Engineering Aalto University Espoo Finland Department of Electronic Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain Studio Stelluti Brussels Belgium Barcelona Spain

Consciousness has been historically a heavily debated topic in engineering, science, and philosophy. On the contrary, awareness had less success in raising the interest of scholars in the past. However, things are changing as more and more researchers are getting interested in answering questions concerning what awareness is and how it can be artificially generated. The landscape is rapidly evolving, with multiple voices and interpretations of the concept being conceived and techniques being developed. The goal of this paper is to summarize and discuss the ones among these voices that are connected with projects funded by the EIC Pathfinder Challenge called "Awareness Inside", a nonrecurring call for proposals within Horizon Europe that was designed specifically for fostering research on natural and synthetic awareness. In this perspective, we dedicate special attention to challenges and promises of applying synthetic awareness in robotics, as the development of mature techniques in this new field is expected to have a special impact on generating more capable and trustworthy embodied systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Robotics

Variational autoencoders with riemannian brownian motion priors

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kalatzis, Dimitris Eklund, David Arvanitidis, Georgios Hauberg, Søren Section for Cognitive Systems Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark Empirical Inference Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Tübingen Germany

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) represent the given data in a low-dimensional latent space, which is generally assumed to be Euclidean. This assumption naturally leads to the common choice of a standard Gaussian prior over continuous latent variables. Recent work has, however, shown that this prior has a detrimental effect on model capacity, leading to subpar performance. We propose that the Euclidean assumption lies at the heart of this failure mode. To counter this, we assume a Riemannian structure over the latent space, which constitutes a more principled geometric view of the latent codes, and replace the standard Gaussian prior with a Riemannian Brownian motion prior. We propose an efficient inference scheme that does not rely on the unknown normalizing factor of this prior. Finally, we demonstrate that this prior significantly increases model capacity using only one additional scalar parameter. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brownian movement

Hopping-Transport Mechanism for Reconfigurable Logic in Disordered Dopant Networks

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Physical Review applied 2022年第6期17卷 064025-064025页

作者： Henri Tertilt Jesse Bakker Marlon Becker Bram de Wilde Indrek Klanberg Bernard J. Geurts Wilfred G. van der Wiel Andreas Heuer Peter A. Bobbert Institut für physikalische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Münster Germany NanoElectronics Group University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems (BRAINS) University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Center for Computational Energy Research (CCER) Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Fachbereich Physik Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Münster Germany Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

We present an atomic-scale mechanism based on variable-range hopping of interacting charges enabling reconfigurable logic in dopant network processing units. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of the hopping process show temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics and artificially evolved basic Boolean logic gates in very good agreement with experiment. The simulations provide unique insights into the local electrostatic potential and current flow in the dopant network, showing subtle changes induced by control voltages that set the conditions for the logic operation. These insights will be crucial in the systematic further development of this burgeoning technology for unconventional computing. The establishment of the principles underlying the logic functionality of these devices encourages the exploration and utilization of the same principles in other materials and device geometries.

关键词： Doping effects Hopping transport Neuromorphic computing Devices for digital logic, storage & processing Disordered systems Doped semiconductors Genetic algorithm Monte Carlo methods

Urban Intelligence: Toward the Digital Twin of Matera and Catania

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Urban Intelligence: Toward the Digital Twin of Matera and Ca...

Blockchain for Renewables Integration (BLORIN), Workshop on

作者： Giordana Castelli Amedeo Cesta Mario Ciampi Riccardo De Benedictis Giuseppe De Pietro Matteo Diez Giovanni Felici Roberto Malvezzi Barbara Masini Riccardo Pellegrini Andreas Scalas Giuseppe Stecca Lucanos Strambini Gabriella Tognola Paolo Ravazzani Emilio Fortunato Campana Engineering ICT and Technology for Energy and Transportation Dept. (DIITET) National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR) National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy Institute of Marine Engineering (INM) National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science (IASI) National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy Engineering ICT and Technology for Energy and National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy Institute of Electronics Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT) National Research Council (CNR) Bologna Italy Institute for Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies (IMATI) National Research Council (CNR) Genoa Italy Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti” (IASI) National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy Institute of Electronics Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT) (CNR) Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665472500

The Urban Intelligence (UI) paradigm conceived by CNR consists of an ecosystem of digital technologies joined within a Digital Twin (DT) of the city aimed at improving the city governance towards goals addressed also by the UN Agenda 2030, such as urban environment, sustainability and resilience, wellbeing and quality of life, local development, and social inclusion. In particular, UI provides a set of candidate policies in complex scenarios, and supports policy makers and stakeholders in designing shared, evidence-based, and integrated solutions. UI is being applied for the first time to two Italian cities, Matera and Catania, paving the way for a deeper scientific framing of the paradigm, as well as for the technological development and testing of the core UI ecosystem in real-life situations. The paper introduces the UI key-concepts and components, illustrates the ongoing experimentations in these pilot cities related to the development of two DTs on parts of the urban areas, and presents some initial results.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Urban areas Ecosystems Lakes Digital twins Sensors Stakeholders