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An empirical methodology for introducing software processes

An empirical methodology for introducing software processes

8th Eiropean engineering Conference (ESEC) and 9th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software engineering (FSE-9)

作者： Shull, Forrest Carver, Jeffrey Travassos, Guilherme H. Fraunhofer Center - Maryland University of Maryland 4321 Hartwick Road College Park MD 20742 United States Exp. Software Engineering Group Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park College Park MD 20742 United States Computer Science Department COPPE UFRJ C.P. 68511 - Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro - RJ - 21945-180 Brazil

There is a growing interest in empirical study in software engineering, both for validating mature technologies and for guiding improvements of less-mature technologies. This paper introduces an empirical methodology, based on experiences garnered over more than two decades of work by the Empirical Software engineering Group at the University of Maryland and related organizations, for taking a newly proposed improvement to development processes from the conceptual phase through transfer to industry. The methodology presents a series of questions that should be addressed, as well as the types of studies that best address those questions. The methodology is illustrated by a specific research program on inspection processes for Object-Oriented designs. Specific examples of the studies that were performed and how the methodology impacted the development of the inspection process are also described.

关键词： Software engineering

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Hyperbolic Penalty: A New Method for Nonlinear Programming with Inequalities

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International Transactions in Operational Research 2001年第6期8卷 659-671页

作者： Xavier, Adilson Elias Department of Systems Engineering and Computer Science Graduate School of Engineering (COPPE) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21945-970 Brazil

This work intends to present and to analyze a new penalty method that purposes to solve the general nonlinear programming problem subject to inequality constraints. The proposed method has the important feature of being completely differentiable and combines features of both exterior and interior penalty methods. Numerical results for some problems are commented on. International Federation of Operational Research Societies 2001.

关键词： Nonlinear programming Penalty methods

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Efficient categorization of memory sharing patterns in software DSM systems

Efficient categorization of memory sharing patterns in softw...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： M.C.S. de Castro C.L. de Amorim Computer Science Department Federal University of Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil COPPE-Systems Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0769509908

This work introduces a new technique that enables SDSMs to categorize dynamically and accurately memory sharing patterns in both classes of regular and irregular applications. The categorization is carried out automatically at run-time on a per-page basis, requiring no user or compiler assistance. We evaluate the potential benefits of our technique using execution-driven simulations of 8 applications running on TrendMarks on a network of 8 workstations. Surprisingly, we found that producer-consumer(s) and migratory are the dominant patterns even in irregular applications. Preliminary results suggest that the categorization technique we propose is a promising option to further improve the performance of current adaptive SDSM systems.

关键词： Software systems Workstations Adaptive systems Prefetching Access protocols computer science systems engineering and theory Runtime Modeling Application software

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Elastic neural net algorithm for cluster analysis

Elastic neural net algorithm for cluster analysis

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Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks

作者： R.L. Salvini L.A. V. de Carvalho Program of Systems Engineering and Computer Science COPPE/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Proposes a method for data clustering in a n-dimensional space using the elastic net algorithm which is a variant of the Kohonen topographic map learning algorithm. The elastic net algorithm is a mechanical metaphor in which an elastic ring is attracted by points in a bi-dimensional space while their internal elastic forces try to shun the elastic expansion. The different weights associated with these two kinds of forces lead the elastic to a gradual expansion in the direction of the bi-dimensional points. In this method, the elastic net algorithm is employed with the help of a heuristic framework that improves its performance for application in the n-dimensional space of cluster analysis. Tests were made with two types of data sets: (1) simulated data sets with up to 1000 points randomly generated in groups linearly separable with up to dimension 10 and (2) the Fisher Iris Plant database, a well-known database referred to in the pattern recognition literature. The advantages of the method presented are its simplicity, its fast and stable convergence, beyond efficiency in cluster analysis.

关键词： Neural networks Clustering algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Databases Performance analysis Testing Test pattern generators Iris Pattern recognition Convergence

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The impact of cache coherence protocols on parallel logic programming systems 1

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1st International Conference on Computational Logic, CL 2000

作者： De Castro Dutra, Inês Costa, Vítor Santos Bianchini, Ricardo COPPE Systems Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21945-970 Brazil Department of Computer Science Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854-8019 United States

ISBN: (数字)9783540449577

ISBN: (纸本)3540677976

In this paper we use execution-driven simulation of a scalable multiprocessor to evaluate the performance of the Andorra-I parallel logic programming system under invalidate and update-based protocols. We use two versions of Andorra-I. One of them was originally designed for bus-based multiprocessors, while the other is optimised for scalable architectures. We study a well-known invalidate protocol and two different update-based protocols. Our results show that for our sample logic programs the update-based protocols outperform their invalidate-based counterpart for the original version of Andorra-I. In contrast, the optimised version of Andorra-I benefits the most from the invalidate-based protocol, but a hybrid update-based protocol performs as well as the invalidate protocol in most cases. We conclude that parallel logic programming systems can consistently benefit from hybrid update-based protocols. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000.

关键词： computer circuits

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Disk write caching with an optical network 6

Disk write caching with an optical network

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6th International Conference on Parallel Interconnects, PI 1999

作者： Carrera, Enrique V. Bianchini, Ricardo COPPE Systems Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro21945-970 Brazil Department of Computer Science University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States

ISBN: (纸本)076950440X

In this paper we propose a simple extension to the optical network of a scalable multiprocessor that optimizes page swap-outs significantly. More specifically, we propose to extend the network with an optical ring that not only transfers swapped-out pages between the local memories and the disks of the multiprocessor but also acts as a system-wide write cache for these pages. This extended optical network has several performance benefits: it provides a staging area where swapped-out pages can reside until the disk is free;it increases the possibility of combining several writes to disk;and it acts as a victim cache for pages that are swapped out and subsequently accessed by the same or a different processor. In order to evaluate the extent to which these benefits affect performance, we use detailed execution-driven simulations of several out-of-core parallel applications running on an 8-node scalable multiprocessor. Our results demonstrate that our optical ring provides consistent performance improvements, coming mostly from faster page swap-outs and victim caching. Based on these results and on our parameter space study, our main conclusion is that our optical ring is highly efficient under several architectural assumptions and for most out-of-core parallel applications. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Fiber optic networks

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Nomad: a scalable operating system for clusters of uni- and multiprocessors

Nomad: a scalable operating system for clusters of uni- and ...

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IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

作者： E. Pinheiro R. Bianchini COPPE Systems Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Computer Science University of Rochester Rochester NY USA

The recent improvements in workstation and interconnection network performance have popularized the clusters of off-the-shelf workstations. However, the usefulness of these clusters is yet to be fully exploited, mostly due to the inadequate management of cluster resources implemented by current distributed operating systems. In order to eliminate this problem and approach the computational power of large clusters of workstations, in this paper we propose Nomad, an efficient operating system for clusters of uni and/or multiprocessors. Nomad includes several important characteristics for modern cluster-oriented operating systems: scalability, efficient resource management across the cluster, efficient scheduling of parallel and distributed applications, distributed I/O, fault detection and recovery, protection, and backward compatibility. Some of the mechanisms used by Nomad, such as process checkpointing and migration, can be found in previously proposed systems. However, our system stands out for its strategy for disseminating information across the cluster and its efficient management of all cluster resources. In addition, Nomad is highly scalable as it uses neither centralized control nor extra messages to implement its functionality, taking advantage of the I/O traffic associated with its distributed file system. Our preliminary evaluation of the load balancing aspect of Nomad shows that the pattern of file accesses in our distributed Ale system allows for efficient and scalable load balancing. Our main conclusion is that the complete implementation of Nomad will most likely be efficient and will be a nice platform for future research on operating systems for clusters of workstations.

关键词： Operating systems Workstations Resource management Load management Multiprocessor interconnection networks Power system management Scalability Processor scheduling Fault detection Protection

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An approach to perform behavior testing in object-oriented systems 27

An approach to perform behavior testing in object-oriented s...

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27th International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and systems, TOOLS 1998

作者： Vieira, Marlon Erthal Righi Travassos, Guilherme Horta COPPE/UFRJ Computer Science and System Engineering Department Cidade Universitária RJ Caixa Postal 68511 21945-970 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0818690968

This paper addresses an approach to behavior testing in object-oriented systems. This approach is used in the MEMPHIS project [1] and emphasis on state-based testing. The key elements are the generation of testing sequences based on the State Transition Diagram to test the system objects and the creation of testing-scenarios, which allow the verification of object integration. © 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Integration testing

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An approach to perform behavior testing in object-oriented systems

An approach to perform behavior testing in object-oriented s...

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Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and systems (TOOLS)

作者： M.E.R. Vieira G.H. Travassos COPPE/UFRJ Computer Science and System Engineering Department Cidade Universitaria Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The paper addresses an approach to behavior testing in object oriented systems. This approach is used in the MEMPHIS project (C.M.I. Werner et al., 1997) and emphasis on state based testing. The key elements are the generation of testing sequences based on the state transition diagram to test the system objects and the creation of testing scenarios, which allow the verification of object integration.

关键词： Performance evaluation System testing Software testing Programming Software engineering Automatic testing Electrical capacitance tomography Software tools Software systems Application software

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Understanding the performance of DSM applications 1st

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1st Workshop on Communication and Architectural Support for Network-based Parallel Computing, CANPC 1997

作者： Meira, Wagner Leblanc, Thomas J. Hardavellas, Nikolaos Amorim, Clgudio Department of Computer Science University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States COPPE Systems Engineering UFRJ Rio de Janeiro21945-970 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)3540625739

Carnival is a performance measurement and analysis tool that assists users in understanding the performance of DSM applications and protocols. Using traces of program executions, Carnival presents performance data as a hierarchy of execution profiles. During analysis, Carnival automates the inference process that relates performance phenomena to specific causes in the source code or DSM protocol using techniques that focus on the two most important sources of overhead in DSM systems: waiting time analysis identifies the causes of synchronization overhead, and produces an explanation for each source of waiting time in the program;communication analysis identifies the sequence of requests that result in invalidations, and produces an explanation for each source of communication. We describe these techniques and their implementation in TreadMarks, and show how to use waiting time analysis and communication analysis to improve the running time of two programs froIn the SPLASH application snite when executed on DEC Alphas connected by a DEC Memory Channel network. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997.

关键词： Application programs

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